（精选幻灯片）大脑结构解剖图.ppt

TheTelencephalon,山东大学医学院解剖教研室李振华,1,Externalfeature,Thetelencephalonconsistsofrightandleftcerebralhemisphere,partiallyseparatedbycerebrallongitudinalfissure.ThecerebraltransversefissureintervenesbetweenthehemispheresandthecerebellumEachhemispherehasthreesurfaces:superolateral,medialandinferior,2,ThreeprincipalsulciCentralsulcus中央沟Lateralsulcus外侧沟Parietooccipitalsulcus顶枕沟,Centralsulcus,Lateralsulcus,Parietooccipitalsulcus,3,FivelobesFrontallobe额叶Parietallobe顶叶Temporallobe颞叶Occipitallobe枕叶Insularlobe岛叶,Frontallobe,Parietallobe,Occipitallobe,Temporallobe,Insularlobe,4,SulciandgyriofSuperolateralsurface,Frontallobe:Precentralsulcus中央前沟Superiorfrontalsulcus额上沟Inferiorfrontalsulcus额下沟Precentralgyrus中央前回Superiorfrontalgyrus额上回Middlefrontalgyrus额中回Inferiorfrontalgyrus额下回,5,SulciandgyriofSuperolateralsurface,Precentralsulcus,Precentralgyrus,Superiorfrontalsulcus,Inferiorfrontalsulcus,Superior,middleandinferioefrontalgyri,6,Parietallobe:Postcentralsulcus中央后沟Postcentralgyrus中央后回Intraparietalsulcus顶内沟Superiorparietallobule顶上小叶Inferiorparietallobule顶下小叶Supramarginalgyrus缘上回Angulargyrus角回,7,SulciandgyriofSuperolateralsurface,Postcentralsulcus,Postcentralgyrus,Superiorparietallobule,Supramarginalgyrus,Angulargyrus,Intraparietalsulcus,8,Temporallobe:Superiortemporalsulcus颞上沟Inferiortemporalsulcus颞下沟Superiortemporalgyrus颞上回Middletemporalgyrus颞中回Inferiortemporalgyrus颞下回Transversetemporalgyri颞横回,9,SulciandgyriofSuperolateralsurface,Superiortemporalsulcus,Inferiortemporalsulcus,Superiortemporalgyrus,Middletemporalgyrus,Inferiortemporalgyrus,10,Transversetemporalgyri,11,SulciandgyriofSuperolateralsurface,Precentralsulcus,Precentralgyrus,Superiorfrontalsulcus,Inferiorfrontalsulcus,Superior,middleandinferioefrontalgyri,Postcentralsulcus,Postcentralgyrus,Superiorparietallobule,Supramarginalgyrus,Angulargyrus,Superiortemporalsulcus,Inferiortemporalsulcus,Superiortemporalgyrus,Middletemporalgyrus,Inferiortemporalgyrus,12,Sulciandgyriofmedialsurface,Corpuscallosum胼胝体Callosalsulcus胼胝体沟Cingulatesulcus扣带沟Cingulategyrus扣带回Marginalramus缘支Paracentrallobule中央旁小叶Calcarinesulcus距状沟Cuneus楔叶Lingualgyrus舌回,13,Sulciandgyriofmedialsurface,Corpuscallosum,Callosalsulcus,cingulategyrus,Cingulatesulcus,Marginalramus,Paracentrallobule,Calcarinesulcus,Cuneus,Parietooccipitalsulcus,Lingualgyrus,14,Sulciandgyriofinferiorsurface,Olfactorybulb嗅球Olfactorytract嗅束Olfactorytrigone嗅三角Anteriorperforatedsubstance前穿质Collateralsulcus侧副沟Occipitotemporalsulcus枕颞沟Medialoccipitotemporalgyrus枕颞内侧回Lateraloccipitotemporalgyrus枕颞外侧回Hippocampalsulcus海马沟Parahippocampalgyrus海马旁回Uncus钩Hippocampus海马Dentategyrus齿状回,Hippocampalformation海马结构,15,Inferiorsurface,Olfactorybulb,Olfactorytract,Olfactorytrigone,Anteriorperforatedsubstance,Collateralsulcus,Occipitotemporalsulcus,Medialandlateraloccipitotemporalgyri,Parahippocampalgyrus,Uncus,16,Hippocampus,Dentategyrus,Hippocampalformation,17,Histologyofthecerebralcortex,Archicortex原皮质(hippocampalformation海马结构)Paleocortex古皮质(rhinencephalon嗅脑)Neocortex新皮质(mostofcerebralcortex),3celllayers,6celllayers,18,19,Functionallocationofcerebralcortex,20,Firstsomaticmotorarea第一躯体运动区,Position:locatedinprecentralgyrusandanteriorportionofparacentrallobule,21,Firstsomaticmotorarea第一躯体运动区,CharactersRepresentationisinverted,butheadandfaceareuprightAbodypartisrepresentedbyacorticalareaproportionaltoitsuseratherthanitssizeReceivingfibersfrompostcentralgyrus,VA,VLandVPL,sendingoutfiberstoformpyramidaltract,controllingvoluntarymovements,22,Firstsomaticsensoryarea第一躯体感觉区,Positionliesinpostcentralgyrusandposteriorportionofparacentrallobule,23,Firstsomaticsensoryarea第一躯体感觉区,CharactersSensoryrepresentation,likemotorarea,iscrossedandinvertedReceivingandinterpretsensationfromoppositesideofbody,24,Auditoryarea听区,LocatedintransversetemporalgyriReceiveauditoryinformationfrombothears,25,Visualarea视区,LieoneithersideofcalcarinesulcusinmedialsurfaceofoccipitallobeVisualcortexofonehemispherereceivesimpressionfromtemporalpartofretinaofsamesideandnasalpartofoppositesideLesionsofvisualcortexproducecontralateralhomonymousvisualfielddefections,26,Vestibulararea平衡觉区:locatedinfrontofsuperiortemporalgyrusOlfactoryarea嗅觉区:locatedneartheuncusTastearea味觉区:locatedatfrontaloperculum,27,Languagearea语言中枢,Itisdominantinlefthemisphereinright-handedpersonMotorspeecharea运动性语言中枢LocatedinposteriorportionofinferiorfrontalgyrusDamage:motoraphasiaWritingarea书写中枢LocatedinposteriorportionofmiddlefrontalgyrusDamage:agraphiaAuditoryspeecharea听觉性语言中枢LocatedinposteriorportionofsuperiortemporalgyrusLesion:sensoryaphasiaVisualspeecharea视觉性语言中枢LocatedinangulargyrusLesion:alexia,28,Lateralventricle侧脑室Position:locatedincerebralhemispheresFourpartsCentralpart:liesinparietallobeAnteriorhorn:extendsintofrontallobePosteriorhornextendintooccipitallobeInferiorhorn:extendintotemporallobe,Internalstructures,29,Communicationlateralventricleinterventricularforamenthirdventricle,30,Basalnuclei基底核,Corpusstriatum纹状体Lentiformnucleus豆状核Caudatenucleus尾状核Claustrum屏状核Amygdaloidbody杏仁体,Globuspallidus苍白球,putamen壳,Neostriatum新纹状体,paleostriatum旧纹状体,31,32,Whitematter,Associationfibers联络纤维RunbetweengyriwithinthesamehemisphereCerebralarcuatefibers大脑弓状纤维Superiorlongitudinalfasciculi上纵束Inferiorlongitudinalfasciculi下纵束Uncinatefasciculus钩束Cingulum扣带,33,Commissuralfibers连合纤维runbetweenleftandrighthemisphereCorpuscallosum胼胝体:rostrum,genu,trunk,spleniumAnteriorcommissure前连合Fornixandcommissureoffornix穹隆和穹隆连合,34,Projectionfibers投射纤维:connectcortexwithlowerpartofbrainandspinalcordandtheyincludebothascendinganddescendingfibersInternalcapsulePosition:athicklaminaofwhitematterlyingbetweencaudatenucleus,thalamusandlentiformnucleus,35,36,ThreepartsAnteriorlimbofinternalcapsule内囊前肢LiesbetweencaudatenucleusandlentiformnucleusContainingfrontopontinetractandanteriorthalamicradiationGenuofinternalcapsule内囊膝IsangleatwhichanteriorandposteriorlimbsmeetContainingcorticonucleartractPosteriorlimbofinternalcapsule内囊后肢LiesbetweenthalamusandlentiformnucleusContaincorticospinaltract,corticorubraltract,centralthalamicradiation,parieto-occipito-temporo-pontinetract,acousticradiationandopticradiation,37,Anteriorthalamicradiatio