USelectoralsystem美国选举制度.ppt

AmericanPresidentialElection,Preparedby:May,StartwiththeConstitution(宪法)quadrennialTheElectionDayistheTuesdaybetweenNovember2ndand8th(thelastone:Nov.4th2008;thenextone:Nov6th,2012）CandidatesforPresidentandVice-PresidentRunTogether.(Inmostcases,thepresidentialcandidateselectavice-presidentialcandidatehimself.)TheConstitutionstatesthatsuffragecannotbedeniedongroundsofrace,color,sexorage.,Basicintroduction,Content,PresidentialJobDescriptionPresidentialElectionSystemProcessofpresidentialelectionFactorsinfluencingturnoutNegativeimpactofAmericanpresidentialelectionWhatwecanlearnfromAmericanpresidentialelection,Terms:Nomorethantwotermsortenyears,Rewardsofpresident$200,000ayearLivinginWhiteHouseCampDavidasaretreatFleetsofaircraftandcarsAgenerouspensionMoneyforanofficeandstaffafterretirement,PresidentialJobDescription,党间领导,国内政策的领导,行政领导,对外政策的领导,军事能力,象征性的领导,（四）总统选举程序,提名程序(nominationprocess),总统候选人竞选正式选举(generalelection),primaryelction,党的全国代表大会,procedure,Feb,June,July,Aug,Sep,Nov,Dec,nextJan,选举人投票(electoralvoting)12月份第二个星期三后的第一个星期一,大选日选民投票(votingonElectionDay)11月份第一个星期一后的第一个星期二,国会两院联席会议上计票(electoralvotescounting)、宣布大选结果declareelectionresults,1月20日宣誓就职,nomination（1）1790-1824年的国会党团会议提名制（2）1831-1968年的全国代表大会提名制（3）1968年至今的预选提名制,PresidentialElectionSystem,ElectionsforPresidentandVicePresidentoftheUnitedStatesareindirectelectionsinwhichvoterscastballotsforaslateofelectorsoftheU.S.ElectoralCollege,whointurndirectlyelectthePresidentandVicePresident.,Moststatelawsestablishawinner-take-allsystem,whereintheticketthatwinsapluralityofvoteswinsallofthatstatesallocatedelectoralvotes,andthushastheirslateofelectorschosentovoteintheElectoralCollege.,PresidentialElectionSystem,Totalelectoralvotes:538Candidategetsmorethan270wintheelection,“Winner-take-all”,Exceptions:MaineandNebraska,Wherewouldyoufocusyourenergyandcampaignthehardest?,08年美国选举人分布,538electors,100Senators,435Congressmen,3electorsTheDistrictofColumbia,535RepresentativesinCongress,选举人和选举人团制,美国宪法第二条第一款规定：每州应依照该议会所定方式选派选举人若干人，其数目同该州在国会应有的参议员和众议员总人数相等，但参议员或众议员，或在合众国属下担任有责任或有薪金职务的人，不得被选派为选举人。由各州选派的选举人组成选举人团。由选举人团投票,如得票数超过选举人总数的一半，即当选为总统，这就是选举人团制。,4.GeneralElection全国选举,5.inaug-uration总统就职仪式,Processofpresidentialelection,Eachstatehasitsownelectors,Eachstatestartstoconductpopularelectionstochoosetheirslateofelectors:indirectelectionsystem.,Eachpartyhasitsownelectoralcollege(选举委员会）,大规模的,TheelectorsfromEachStatemakeuptheElectoralCollege“Themajorpoliticalpartieswillofficiallyholditspresidentialnominatingconventions.Inthisnominatingconventions,The“ElectoralCollege”VotesforthePresident.Normally,thecandidateforpresidentreceivingthemajority(50%)oftheelectoralvotesistheelectedpresident.,Indirect,Direct,Thecandidatesofthemajorpartieswillgotomanystatestowinthesupportersbymeansof：campaigningtripstodifferentstatesaddressingTVspeechesshowingonTVdebates.Thesemediatoolsplayanimportantroleinrunning(宣传造势）.Thisprocesscostslots.,总统大选电视辩论2012第一场,turnoutin2008,Maccineadmitedhisfailure,Obamawontheelection,NationalRepresentativesConference,AfterNationalRepresentativesConference,someoneiselectedaspartysofficialcandidate,Theybeganto,introduce,theirownpartyspoliticalclaims,theirownpoliticalprogrammes,voters,givepromises,Servethepeople,voters,getmoresupport,二、打造形象（04年为例）,1.beautifyoneself,2.trytodeglamorizetheiropponents,Time:thefirstTuesdayafterthefirstMondayofNovember;Purpose:selectelectors;,5.Inauguration:Januaryinthenextyear,Factorsinfluencingturnout,SatisfactionQualityofcampaigns:lackofrealissues;negativeadvertisingFrequencyandlengthofelectionsFrequentpublicpollsMuchcoveragebythemediaTroublesomeregisteringprocess,NegativeImpactofAmericanpresidentialelection,Verycostlyandmoneyconsumingcampaign;,2008electioncostmorethan1billionUSD,Inthefiercecompetition,alotofimmoraltrickhasbeenused;,personalattacksanddefamearealwaysbeenusedinthecampaign,NegativeImpactofAmericanpresidentialelection,Theexistingelectionsystemmakeitdifficultforotherthirdparty(exceptDemocraticandPublic)tobeelected