Book8-Unit2-Cloning---Grammar.ppt

Unit2Grammar,theAppositiveclause,Page2,I.Lookatthesesentences.Whatkindofclausesarethey?Thefactthatsheseemedtodevelopnormallywasveryencouraging.多莉看来是正常地生长着的事实很令人鼓舞。ThencamethedisturbingnewsthatDollyhadbecomeseriouslyill.接着传来了多莉病重的坏消息。,Page3,II.Findoutthetwofactorsofaclause.,ThefactthatsheseemedtodevelopnormallyPosition位置：Relationship关系：thedisturbingnewsthatDollyhadbecomeseriouslyill.Position位置：Relationship关系：,从句在名词fact之后,说明fact的具体内容,在名词news之后,说明news的具体内容,Page4,III.Concludethedefinitionoftheappositiveclause.在复合句中用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。同位语从句是名词性从句的一种，一般跟在某些名词之后，用以说明该名词表示的具体内容。,Page5,1)Whathewantstodoisnotclear.2)Ihavenoideawhereheis.3)Thetroubleisthatwedonthaveenoughmoney.4)Iwanttoknowwhetherhewillcome.,Ex1:Whatkindofclausesarethey?,主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句,Page6,IV.Sumupthenounsbeforetheappositiveclause.同位语从句中所修饰的名词有：fact,news,idea,hope,question,problem,suggestion,plan,thought,doubt,truth,belief,promise,order，information，等抽象名词。,Page7,DearMissGan,Myfriendstoldmeaplanthattheywouldheldapartytomorrow.ButthereisadoubtwhetherIamfree.IhavenoideahowIcanrefusetheirinvitationpolitely.Couldyougivemesomesuggestions?Yourssincerely,Kate,Ex.2:Findouttheappositiveclause.,Page8,V.Analyzetheappositiveclausesintheletterandsumupthestructureandtheconnectivewordsintheclause.同位语从句的结构：,n.+连接词+陈述句,Page9,陈述句,一般疑问句,特殊疑问句,that(不可以省略),whether“是否”（不用if）,代词:what,who,whom,whose,which;副词:when,where,why,how,Page10,Ex.3Completethesentences.,Thenewsmadeussad.,thatdeathtollinChina,quakereached10,000,Page11,Ihavenoidea,whethertheRockets,willwinthematch.,WilltheRocketswinthematch?,Page12,Icananswerthequestion,whenDollythesheepwasborn.,WhenwasDollythesheepborn?,Page13,1.两种从句都位于名词之后,1.定语从句是修饰和限制前面的名词；而同位语从句是说明名词的具体内容。,Page14,2.定语从句和同位语从句有四个相同的引导词：that，when，where，why，但在两种从句中的用法不同,下面把四个引导词分成两类说明:,Page15,1).引导词thatThenewsthatyoutoldmeyesterdaywasreallyexcitingWeheardthenewsthatourteamhadwon,(定语从句)that起连接作用;指代先行词;充当句子成分;作宾语时常省略。,(同位语从句)that起连接作用;不充当句子成分;不能省略。,Page16,2)引导词when，where，why,IwillneverforgetthedaywhenIworkedinYangxiThereisaquestionwhenshecamehere,(定语从句)when作时间状语，可以转换成onwhich,(同位语从句)when作时间状语，意为“什么时候”,Page17,ThisisthehousewhereIlivedtwoyearsagoDoyouhaveanideawheretheboyisfrom?,（定语从句）where作地点状语，可以转换成inwhich,（同位语从句）where作地点状语，意为“哪里”,Page18,ThisisthereasonwhyshewaslateforschooltodayTheteacherhadnoideawhyJackwasabsent,(同位语从句)why作原因状语，意为“为什么”,(定语从句)why作原因状语，可以转换成forwhich,Page19,3.选择引导词的步骤：1.判断从句的类型（定语从句或同位语从句）2.定语从句同位语从句,物或事(主语、宾语)：that时间状语:when地点状语:where原因状语:why,陈述句：that特殊疑问句：when（什么时候）；where（哪里）；why（为什么）,Page20,Ex.4Choosethebestanswer.,1.Theyreceivedorders_theworkbedonerightaway.A.whichB.thatC./D.when2.Thereason_hehastogois_hismotherisillinbed.A,why;whyB.