4.6中考英语复习：代词ppt课件.ppt

(二)代词,1,一、代词概述,代词就是指可以代替名词的词,可分为以下九种:人称代词(personalpronoun)物主代词(possessivepronoun)反身代词(reflexivepronoun)相互代词(reciprocalpronoun)指示代词(demonstrativepronoun)疑问代词(interrogativepronoun)关系代词(relativepronoun)不定代词(indefinitepronoun),2,(一)、人称代词,人称代词主要有主格和宾格之别。请看下表,人称代词在句中可作主语、宾语（宾格）、表语等。例如：WefoundEnglisheasytounderstand.Theyhelpedustomovethefurniturein.Whosthat?Itsme.,3,人称代词的用法,(1)在并列的主语中，I总放在最后。Lily,LucyandIaregoodfriends.(2)she可以用来代表国家、船只、大地、月亮等。Themoonisroundtonight,isntshe?,4,当两个以上的人称代词并列时其排列顺序一般为you,he,she,I,而复数时为we,you,they.如男女并列时，应先男后女，如：Heandshe如果在表示不好意思，承担责任时，单数时用，I,he,she,you,复数时用They,you，we,如：TomandIaregoodfriends.,5,it的用法,1.要点提示it可以用作人称代词，它还可以指时间、天气、距离、上下文等，另外，it还可以作先行词，作形式主语和形式宾语。,6,2.用法指南,(1)作为人称代词，it可以用来指东西、动物、婴儿和未确定身份的人。Wheresmybook?Haveyouseenit?我的书在哪里？你看见了没有？Thedogisinthegarden,isntit?狗在花园里，是吧？Thebabycriedbecauseitishungry.婴儿哭了，因为他/她饿了。(Someoneisringing.)Whosit?Itsme.(有人在按门铃。)谁呀？是我。(2)it可以指上下文内容TheOlympicGamewillbeheldinBeijingin2008.ItmakestheChineseproud.2008年将在北京举行奥运会。这使得中国人非常自豪。,7,(3)it表示时间、天气、距离等。Whattimeisitnow?Itshalfpastnine.Itiscold.Itsabouttenkilometersfromtheparktothemuseum.(4)it用作形式主语或形式宾语ItsveryimportantforustolearnEnglishwell.Ifoundithardtoflyakite.,8,(二)物主代词,物主代词包括形容词性物主代词,有my,your,his/her/its,our,their,和名词性物主代词，包括mine,yours,his/hers,ours,theirs.形容词性物主代词在句中作定语，相当于一个形容词，名词性物主代词在句中可作主语、表语、宾语（直接宾语、介词宾语），相当于一个名词。例如：Waterisveryimportanttoourlife.Itsahabitoftheirs.Ileftmydictionaryathome.MayIuseyours?,9,(三)反身代词,反身代词包括：myself,yourself,himself,herself,itself;ourselves,yourselves,themselves,以及oneself。例如：Ireallyfeelquiteashamedofmyselfforit.Ihopeyoullenjoyyourselfattheparty.Helpyourselftomoresoup,please.,10,反身代词用法,反身代词是一种表示反射或强调的代词，词尾是self或selves。(1)反身代词用作同位语，表示强调Youllhavetodoityourself.Thetheoryitselfisallright.(2)反身代词与人称代词宾格的区别在于，只有当主语和宾语是同一个人时才使用反身代词。Hesawhimselfinthemirror.Hesawhiminthemirror.(he和him指的不是同一人，him指代另一个人),11,(3)反身代词的固定搭配是常考内容：Theyenjoyedthemselvesatthepartylastnight.Helpyourselftosomefish.ItaughtmyselfswimmingwhenIwassix.反身代词的固定搭配：byoneself(靠)自己enjoyoneself过得愉快helponeselfto随便吃teachoneself自学talktooneself自言自语,12,(四)指示代词,指示代词包括this,that,these,those指示代词在句中可作主语、宾语（直接宾语，介词宾语）、表语和定语。例如：Thissteelisnothardenoughforourpurpose.Thatargumentofhisconvincesnoone.ThisiswhatIwanttosay.Waituntilyouveheardthis.Whatsallthis?(=Whatsthetrouble/matter?)Johnisthemonitoroftheclass,andassuchmustdecidehowtodonext.IlltellyouaboutthatunforgettabletendaysinNorthAfrica.,13,指示代词用法,(1)表示空间上的远近：this和these表示近。that和those表示远。Noonehadworkedinthisplaceforages.Idontlikethelookofthoseclouds.(2)表示时间上的远近ThesedaystheOlympicsmustmeanthebest.Atthatpointhebecameworried.,14,注意：that和those有时可以用来代表前面刚提到过的名词以避免重复。ThebestcottonisthatfromXinjiang.指示代词的固定搭配：likethis像这样thatsallright没关系morethanthat更重要的是forallthat尽管如此Sothatsthat.就是这样。,15,(五)疑问代词,疑问代词包括：who(指人，主格），whom（宾格），whose（所有格），what（指物）,which（指人或物）。疑问代词引导疑问句，在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。例如：Whichdoyoulikebest,yourmotheroryourfather?Whoisyourfavouritecomposer?Whatchanneldidyouwatchontelevisionlastnight?Whomdidyoumeetonyourwayhome?这里，which是同学们不易掌握的内容，其实，同学们只须记住，对作定语的内容提问，常用which.例如:Iliketheredshirt._doyoulike?,16,(六)关系代词,who(whom,whose),which,that等可用做关系代词，引导定语从句。例如：Heisamanwhocanplaythepianoverywell.ThepeoplewhomyoumetinthecampusyesterdayarefromEngland.Isthereanyoneinyourdepartmentwhosefatherisapainter?,17,(七)不定代词,不定代词在初中课本中主要有some,any，each,every,all,noneboth,eitherneither,other,another,one,many,much,few,little,18,1.some作定语时，后跟名词单数。neither“(两者)都不”,含有否定意义，用法同either。如：Theybothswimwell.Bothofthemswimwell.Therearetreesonbothsidesofthestreet.=Therearetreesoneithersideofthestreet.NeitherofusisgoingtoBeijingnextweek.Neitheranswerisright.,22,5.Another&other,another+单数名词,“另一个”,用于泛指onetheother“一个，另一个”theother+复数名词=theothers“其他的人或物”（指确定范围内剩下的全部）others“别人”如：Therearetenstudentshere.Wherearetheothers?TherearetenstudentshereWherearetheotherstudents?,23,6.eitheror,neithernor,由eitheror,neithernor,or连接两个主语时，如果两主语是单数时，用单数代词，如两主语是复数时，用复数代词，如：Eitherteachersorstudentswanttodotheirbesttohelptheoldman.在eitheror,或neithernor连接两个主语时，其谓语动词要与和其相近的那个主语相配。,24,7.one,one作代词时，它的复数形式是ones,所有格形式是ones，反身代词为oneself.如果one与别的词组成其他词，如：someone,anyone,everyone或onlyone则要用his/her，来作其所有格形式。,25,8.many,much,few,little,many,much,few,little这4个词前仅能用somuch用于不可数名词，作主语时用单数谓语动词。而many用于可数名词，它作主语时用复数形式的谓语动词。afew/alittle为有一些。few用于可数名词，little用于不可数名词,意为几乎没有，但few作主语时谓语动词则要用复数形式，little与few用于句中时，均要按否定句看待。如：Youhavefewfriends,haveyou?,26,(八)相互代词,相互代词包括eachother和oneanother。相互代词有数和格的变化，eachothers,oneanothers为所有格形式。相互代词在句中作宾语（直接宾语，介词宾语），其所有格可作定语。如：Mostofusknoweachotherprettywell.Themenshookhandswithoneanother.,27,三例题解析,1Thesearebooks.Yoursareoverthere.A/BmyCmeDmine2isshe?Sheisateacher.AWhatBHowCWhoDWhere3iswrongwithmywatch.Ithasstopped.ASomething,workingBSomething,toworkCAnything,workingDAnything,towork,答案B.析这里应用形容词性物主代词。,答案A.,28,4Mary,helptothebananas,please.AyouByourCyourselfDyourselves5doyougotoschooleveryday?Bybus.AHowBWhyCWhenDWhere,答案C.,答案A.,29,6Myskirtispopularthan.Amuch,herBmuch,hersCmore,herDmore,hers7CanyouspeakEnglish?Yes,butonly.AfewBafewClittleDalittle,答案D.,答案D.,30,8Mr.Smithisanoldfriendof.AIBmeCmyDmine9“doyouhearfromyourparents?”“Aboutonceamonth.”AHowlongBHowmanyCHowoftenDHowmuch,答案D.,答案C.,31,10MrGreenwouldntsayatthemeeting.AeverythingBnothingCanythingDsomething11“Mum,Annscomingtonight.Letsgivehertoeat.”“Goodidea!”AanythingniceBniceanythingCsomethingniceDnicesomething,答案C.,答案C.,32,12Whenshallwemeet,thiseveningortomorrowevening?Idontmind.timeisOK.ASomeBNeitherCEitherDBoth13Thisisnotherkite,but.AhesBhimCheDhis,答案C.,答案D.,33,14Dontworry,Mum!newsisgoodnews.Imsuredaddywillcomebacksoon.ANoBManyCThoseDTwo15Maryhassixapples.Herbrotherhasthree.Shehasapplesthanhe.AfewBmanyCmoreDfewer,答案A.,答案C.,34,1.Thereisntintodaysnewspaper.AanythinginterestingBsomethinginterestingCnothinginterestingDinterestinganything2.September10thisDay?ATeacherBTeachersCTeachersDTeachers3.InEngland,peopleeatalotof“takeaway”food.Whataboutpeopleinyourcountry?ASowedo.BWedoso.CSodowe.DWesodo.4.Shallwegointothatshopandhavealook?Sorry.Iwont.Ihavetodothere.AeverythingBanythingCsomethingDnothing,课时训练,A,D,C,D,35,5.Mysisterdoesntlikeskating.ASodoIBSoIdontCNeitherIdontDNeitherdoI6.Yesterdaymorningtherewereonlythreeboysinourroom,.Ayou,heandIBI,youandheChe,IandyouDyou,Iandhe7.Allthestudentsarebusy,soofthemwillgototheconcert.AmanyBlittleCafewDfew,D.,A.,D.,36,8.Oh,dear!Whobroketheglass?SamBruce.Itwasthecat.ABoth,andBNot,butCNeither,norDEither,or9.Thestudentsarehavingagoodtimeinthepark.Somearedrawingbythelake.areclimbingthehill.AOthersBOtherCAnotherDTheother10.Sheisnotanurse.Imnot.AalsoBeitherCneitherDtoo11.Ihavetwopencils.Oneisred,isblue.AtheotherBanotherCothersDtheothers,C.,A.。,B.,A.,37,12.Sorry,Icantansweryourquestion.Iknowaboutthesubject.AlittleBalittleCfewDafew13.Theteachergavestudentanewbook.AnobodyBbothCeachDany14.Blackisneitherateacheraworker.AorBeitherCnorDand15.Ourteachergaveusonstudying.AmanyadvicesBsomeadvicesCanadviceDsomeadvice,A.,C.,D.,38,16.Therearetwoforeignfriendsinthepark.OneisfromJapan,isfromAmerica.AotherBothersCtheotherDtheot