A-Fundamental-Technique-in-Handling-People--Dec.10.ppt

AFundamentalTechniqueinHandlingPeople-DaleCarnegie,Aboutthetitle,Doyoufinditeasytodealwithpeople?Whatisyourproblem?2.Doyoufollowcertainprinciplesofyourowninhandlinginterpersonalrelationships?Ifyes,whatarethey?,Whatisthe“fundamentaltechniqueinhandlingpeople”accordingtotheauthor?Canwedoawaywithcriticismaltogether?,FundamentalTechniquesinHandlingPeople,“IfYouWanttoGatherHoney,DontKickOvertheBeehive”Hereisanimportantprincipleinrelationships:dontcriticize,condemnorcomplain.Peoplerarelyblamethemselvesforanything,soifyoucriticizethemnotonlyaretheyunlikelytochange,butalsotheymayresenttowardyou.,FundamentalTechniquesinHandlingPeople,TheBigSecretofDealingwithPeopleJusttogettheappreciationtheyneed.Sobeapersonwhogivehonestandsincereappreciationtoothers.Thatsthebigsecretofdealingwithpeople.Ifyoudothat,youcantkeeppeoplefromlikingyou.,Introductionoftheauthor:,DaleCarnegieDaleBreckenridgeCarnegie(November24,1888November1,1955)wasanAmericanwriter,lecturer,andthedeveloperoffamouscoursesinself-improvement,salesmanship,corporatetraining,publicspeaking,andinterpersonalskills.,HisFamousWorks:,HewastheauthorofHowtoWinFriendsandInfluencePeople(1936),amassivebestsellerthatremainspopulartoday.HealsowroteHowtoStopWorryingandStartLiving(1948),LincolntheUnknown(1932),andseveralotherbooks.Oneofthecoreideasinhisbooksisthatitispossibletochangeotherpeoplesbehaviorbychangingonesbehaviortowardthem.,HowtoWinFriendsandInfluencePeople,becomeabetterspeakerandamoreentertainingconversationalist,5,Theme,Inhandlingpeople,weshouldbecautiousinofferingcriticism,butbegenerousinshowingunderstandingandgivingpraise.,Structure,Part2(Paras.2-21)A.(para.2-4):Asayoungman,Lincolnlearnednottoridiculepeople.B.(para.5-11):AsPresident,Lincolnlearnedtoputhimselfinthepositionofthepersonheintendedtocriticize.C.(para.12-14):Astingingresponsetocriticismshouldbeavoided.D.(para.15-16):Criticismcouldruinonescareerandevenkillhim.E.(para.17-21):Characterandself-controlareneededforunderstandingandforgiving,whicharegreatandsweetandreallyworking.,Structure,Check-onPreview,Matchthewordswiththeircorrectmeaninginthetext.,1.crastinate4.indignation5.opponent,a.afeelingofangerandsurprisecausedbysth.thatisunfairorunreasonableb.tomakeastupidorcarelessmistakec.apersonthatyouopposeinagame,contest,argument,etc.d.todamagesb.ormakesth.worsee.afeelingofhatredforsb.thatcausesadesiretoharmsb.f.todelaydoingsth.youshoulddo,usuallybecauseyoudonotwanttodoit,TextAnalysis,DetailedAnalysis,PartI:MainIdea,WhydoestheauthormentionB.F.Skinnersexperiments?Animalslearnbetterthroughencouragementthanthroughpunishment.Humansarethesame.Doyouagree?Doyouthinkhumansandanimalsarecomparableinthisrespect?Doyouagreewiththereasonsthattheauthorgiveforsaying“criticismisfutile?”,WordsandExpressions:,retain:(para.1)1.tokeepsomeoneorsomethinge.g.Theseplansencouragetheelderlytoretaintheirindependence.Weretryingtorecruitandretainskilledstaff.2.torememberideasorinformatione.g.Ishallretainalastingandfondmemoryofhim.,Detaileddiscussion:,(much/far/alittle/abit)morethan(Para.1)Translate:在热闹的都市里骑自行车往往比坐汽车方便得多。Abicycleisoftenfarmoreconvenientthanacarinbusycities.杰克赚的钱实际上比他告诉吉姆的要多一些。JackhadgotabitmoremoneythanheopenedtoJim.,WordsandExpressions:,apply:(para.1)1.requestforajoboraplaceinacollegeoruniversity,orforpermissiontodoorhavesomethinge.g.Weadvertisedthreejobs,andover50peopleapplied.applyfor:Iwouldliketoapplyforthejob.applyto:Youhavetoapplytothepassportofficeforavisa.applytodosomething:Billisapplyingtojointhefireservice.2.toaffectorberelevanttoaparticularpersonorthingapplyto:Thediscountnolongerappliestohim,becausehesovereighteen.,Detaileddiscussion:,Criticismisusuallyfutilebecauseitputsapersononthedefensiveandstrivetojustifyhimself.(Para.1)Paraphrase:Criticismdoesnotworkbecauseitcausesthecriticizedonetodefendhimselfandtryeverythinghecantoshowhedoesnotdeservethecriticism(ratherthanlistentoyouandthink).,WordsandExpressions:,putsbonthedefensive:(para.1)tomakesbtrytodefendhimselffromattacksorcriticismstrive:(para.1)toattemptbyemployingeffort;toexertmucheffortorenergy奋斗,努力,力求,斗争e.g.Thescientistsstriveforabreakthroughincancerresearch.Weshouldallstrivetoreunifythemotherland.Heisstrivingtogetpromotion.,WordsandExpressions:,justify:(para.1)toshowthatthereisagoodreasonforsomething,especiallysomethingthatotherpeoplethinkiswrong证明有道理e.g.Youllbeexpectedtojustifyyouractions.Itwasbecomingincreasinglydifficulttojustifysuchexpenditure.justifyyourself(tosomeone)toexplaintosomeonethereasonwhyyoudidsomething,especiallywhentheythinkyouhavedonesomethingwronge.g.IdontseewhyIshouldjustifymyselftoyou.,WordsandExpressions:,arouse:(para.1)callforth(emotions,feelings,andresponses);stopsleeping;causetobecomeawakeorconscious唤醒，激起e.g.Thisarousedmysuspicion.Hissufferingsarousedoursympathy.Hefellintoasoundsleep,dontarousehim.,DetailedAnalysis,PartII(para.2-4):MainIdea,InwhatwayisthewriterfamiliarwithLincoln?WhatkindofpersonwasLincolninhisearlyyears?WhatwashisproblemwithMr.JamesShields?WhydoestheauthormentionLincolnsexperiencesasalawyer?,Detaileddiscussion:,Ihavemadeasdetailedandexhaustiveastudyasitispossibleforanybeingtomake.(para.3)Examples:Weshouldworkhardtoachieveashighagrowthrateaspossible.我们应该努力实现尽可能高的增长率。Dueregardmustalsobepaidtorecruitingthestaffonaswideageographicalbasisaspossible.征聘人员时还应充分注意“使他们来自尽可能广阔的地域”。,Detaileddiscussion:,Ihavemadeasdetailedandexhaustiveastudyasitispossibleforanybeingtomake.(para.3)Paraphrase:Ibelievemystudyofhispersonalityandhomelifeisthemostdetailedandthoroughofall.,WordsandExpressions:,exhaustive:(para.3)Adj.thoroughorcomplete与之经常搭配的词有work、inquiries、research、investigation、treatment等。e.g.Thisisapieceofexhaustivework.这是一部完美的作品。exhausting:现在分词，作形容词使用，“使竭尽的”、“使疲惫的”（tomakeemptyortireout）。与之经常搭配使用的词有day,job,task,experiment等。e.g.Thisisapieceofexhaustingwork.这是一部耗费精力的作品。exhausted:过去分词，意为“空竭的”、“疲惫的”（fatiguedortired），用作表语形容词，放在连系动词之后。e.g.Aftertakingpartinthecleaningcampaign，thechildrenweremuchexhausted.,WordsandExpressions:,indulge:(para.3)1.toallowyourselftohaveordosomethingthatyouenjoyindulgeyourself(insomething):Indulgeyourselfcomeonagourmet（美食家）foodweekend.2.toletsomeonehaveordowhatevertheywant,evenifitisbadforthemSomeIndianpeopleindulgeinextravagantwedding.Donotalwaysindulgeinemptytalk.别总是纸上谈兵。,WordsandExpressions:,dosomethingoncetoooften:(para.3)tocausetroubleforyourselfbyrepeatingdangerous,stupid,orannoyingbehavior.oncetoooften又一次.(指超过限度而发生问题)；多次幸免此次遭殃；多次成功此次受挫e.g.Heexceededthespeedlimitoncetoooftenandwasfined10.e.g.Hesinsultedmeoncetoooften.Hesgoingtoregretthis!,WordsandExpressions:,invaluable:(para.4)priceless;veryvaluablee.g.Buttheexperiencetheywillgainisinvaluable.但他们从此获得的经验是无价的。valueless:ofnovaluee.g.Thisbookistotallyvaluelesstome.这本书对我来说毫无价值。,DetailedAnalysis,PartII(para.5-11):MainIdea,WhydoestheauthormentionLincolnsexperienceintheCivilWar?WhatdidGeneralMeadedowrong?HowwouldyoudescribeLincolnslettertoGeneralMeade?Whathappenedafterthewritingofthatletter?Why?,Detaileddiscussion:,andeachoneinturnblunderedtragicallyanddroveLincolntopacingthefloorindespair.(para.5)pacethefloorpacetheroom在房间里踱来踱去Paraphrase:,andeverygeneralhehadtrustedmadeseriousmistakesonebyoneandalmostdrovehimcrazy.,Detaileddiscussion:,Halfthenationcondemnedtheseincompetentgenerals,butLincoln,“withmalicetowardsnone,withcharityforall”,heldhispeace.(para.5)malice:Adesiretoharmothersortoseeotherssuffer;extremeillwillorspite.charity:Benevolenceorgenerositytowardothersortowardhumanity.holdonespeacev.闭口不说holdonestongue保持沉默.Paraphrase:Whilesomanypeopleinthenationcriticizedthegeneralsfortheirpoorperformance,Lincoln,withtheprincipalof“blamenobody;forgiveeverybody”remainedcoolwiththegenerals.,Detaileddiscussion:,Oneofhisfavoritequotationswas“Judgenot,thatyebenotjudged.”(para.5)ThisquotationcomesfromtheBible-Matthew7-1,whichmeans:Donotjudgeothers,forifyoudo,otherswilljudgeyoubythesamemeasureyouuse.,WordsandExpressions:,retire/retreat/withdrawretire:指从公开或公共场合退下到私下场所，也指被免除职务或自动辞职、退役等。retreat:含消极意味，多指被迫采取退下或退却的行动。withdraw:侧重因某种原因而有意撤出，常含礼貌、谦恭等理由。也指军队的撤退。Afterseveralreversestheenemywasforcedto_.Theoldworkerdecidedto_tothecountry.Hewantedto_hisnamefromtheguestlist.,WordsandExpressions:,procrastinate:todelaydoingsomethinguntillater,usuallysomethingthatyoudonotwanttodoe.g.Heprocrastinateduntilitwastoolatetodoanythingatall.他因循坐误，一事无成。Donotprocrastinatewhatyououghttodo.不要拖延你应该作的事。,WordsandExpressions:,restraint:n.thelimitorcontroloftheexpressionofstrongemotionoropinione.g.Thepoliceappealedtothecrowdforrestraint.警方呼吁群众保持克制。Nobodycouldcountonhisrestraintorrationality.谁也不能指望他会克制或讲道理的态度。restrain:v.topreventsomeoneoryourselffromdoingsomethinge.g.Pleaserestrainyourselffromcoughingduringtheperformance.,Detaileddiscussion:,IdonotbelieveyouappreciatethemagnitudeofthemisfortuneinvolvedinLeesescape.(para.9)Paraphrase:IdontthinkyoufullyunderstandwhatabigmistakeyoumadeinlettingLeeescapeorwhatseriousconsequencesitwillentail.,WordsandExpressions:,prolong/delay/postpone/defer/suspend/putoffprolong:指把时间延长至超过正常或通常的限度。delay:普通用词，多指因外界原因推迟或耽误。postpone:正式用词，语气较强，多指有安排的延期，常指明延期到一定的时间。defer:正式用词，语气强于postpone，多指故意拖延。suspend:指暂时中断以待某种条件的实现。putoff:口语用词，与postpone同义，但较通俗。,WordsandExpressions:,prolong/delay/postpone/defer/suspend/putoffWewishto_ourdecisionuntilnextweek.Hislicensewas_afteradrink-drivingconviction.Howcanweendeavorto_humanlife?Theflight_becauseofthebadweather.Ourexamhasbeen_untilnextMonday.Hewasgladtohaveanexcuseto_tellingherthenews.,defer,suspended,prolong,wasdelayed,postponed,putoff,Detaileddiscussion:,Anyhow,itiswaterunderthebridgenow.(para.11)Paraphrase:Anyhow,thethingispastandgone.Itisusedforsayingthatyoushouldstopthinkingaboutsthbadthathappenedinthepastandyoushouldforgivepeoplewhodidbadthings.,Detaileddiscussion:,IfIsendthisletter,itwillonlyarousehardfeelingsandimpairallhisfurtherusefulnessasacommander.(para.11)Paraphrase:Ifthisletterreacheshim,itwillonlyservetohurthisconfidenceandmakehimfeelinadequateasacommander,whichwillaffecthisperformanceinthefuturebecausehewillneverbehisbestagain.,Review:,Translate:他的讲话不能保持住听众的兴趣。(retain)Hisspeechcouldnotretaintheinterestofhisaudience.这些规则原理是用来学外语的。(apply)Theseprinciplesapplytolearningforeignlanguages.我们共同努力,实现祖国统一。(strive)Weshouldallstrivetounifythemotherland.,Review:,Translate:他不得不为自己的行为辩白。(justify)Hehadtojustifyhimselfforhisconduct.这引起了我的怀疑。(arouse)Thisarousedmysuspicion.他对这个问题进行了彻底的研究。(exhaustive)Hehasmadeanexhaustivestudyoftheproblem.,Review:,Translate:由于时间仓促，记者们往往很少有机会能按照自己爱好的风格写稿。(indulgein)Asaresultofthehaste,reportersfrequentlyhavelittleopportunitytoindulgeintheirownstylisticpreferences.警方呼吁群众保持克制。(restraint)Thepoliceappealedtothecrowdforrestraint.部队从沦陷的城市安全撤出。(retreat)Thetroopsuccessfullyretreatedfromtheoccupiedcity.,DetailedAnalysis,PartII(para.12-15):MainIdea,WhatwasMarkTwainsreactiontowardscriticisminpara.12?Isitappropriate?Istheauthorcorrectinsayingthequotationinpara.14isfromConfucius?Anothersaying,whichisreallybyConfucius,wouldbemoresuitablehere.Whatisit?Doyouagreewiththeauthorwhenhesayshumansare“creaturesofemotion,creaturesbristlingwithprejudices,andmotivatedbyprideandvanity?”,Detaileddiscussion:,Thethingforyouisaburialpermit.(para.12)Paraphrase:Thethingyouneedisaburialpermit./Youreallyhavenoreasontoliveinthisworld.Thisisextremelycruelandinsulting.MarkTwainwaswildwithangeratthetime.Hecouldntreallymeantodelivertheletter.,WordsandExpressions:,infavorof:supportingapersonoranidea,proposaletcthatyoubelieveisrighte.g.Thoseinfavourofthemotion,pleaseraiseyourhandsnow.beallinfavourofsb./sth.:e.g.Iamallinfavouroftryingtofindwaystosavemoney.,WordsandExpressions:,bristlewithsth:tohavealotofsth.e.g.Theprojectwasbristlingwithdifficulties.Shebristlewithangeratthementionofhisname.,Detaileddiscussion:,Butittakescharacterandself-controltobeunderstandingandforgiving.(para.18)Paraphrase:Butitrequiresourgoodmoralqualitiesandtheabilitytocontrolourselvest