Simile-and-MetaphorPPT课件

-,1,SimileMyloveislikeamelodyThatssweetlyplayedintune(RobertBurns)啊，我爱人象红红的玫瑰，在六月里苞放；啊，我爱人象一支乐曲，乐声美妙、悠扬。,-,13,Simile,thehorizondrawnlikeabowcreeplikeasnailriselikelionsafterslumberasidleasapaintedshipuponapaintedoceanAscoldwaterstoathirstysoul,asisgoodnewsfromafarcountry.,-,14,Simile,Threemainuses:Descriptive（描写的）Illuminative（启发的）Illustrative（说明的）,-,15,Descriptivesimile,Thedescriptivesimileattemptstodrawimagesofpeople,things,etc.throughfigurativecomparison.,-,16,Descriptivesimile,Poplookedsounhappy,almostlikeachildwhoslosthispieceofcandy.Bigblackflieshituslikebombs.Motherwasshortandplumpandpretty.Hereyeswereblue,andherbrownhairwaslikeabirdssmoothwings.,-,17,ShewasthefattestwomanIhaveeverseeninmylifesittinginasmallstool.Itwasasifasackofgrainwassupportedbyamatchbox.,她是我平生所见过的最胖的女人，坐在一把直背椅子上打瞌睡，那简直就像一口袋粮食放在一个火柴盒上,-,18,Illuminativesimile,Theilluminativesimiletriestogivedeeperinsightintopersons,things,ideas,evenproblemsthroughsuggestiveassociation;tothrowlight,asitwere,ontowhatwouldotherwisebeinconceivabletoordinarypeople.,-,19,examples,Shakespearecomparedtheworldtoastage.莎士比亚把世界比作舞台。,Lifehasoftenbeenlikenedtoajourney.人生常被喻为一段旅程。,-,20,Illuminativesimile,Therewasasecretmeanness(卑鄙；吝啬)thatclungtohimalmostlikeasmell.(Thesuggestionofanall-prevailingmeannessintheman)Hewaslikeacockwhothoughtthesunhadrisentohearhimcrow.(Thesuggestionofoverwhelmingconceitintheman),-,21,Asif/asthough引导的启发型明喻，其特点是通过暗示性的联想引发人们洞察深层的内涵，所设的比喻或许不一定能直接理解，但是一经思索，必达豁然，因此这一比喻有言近意远的效果。,ThewomanmadehimfetchandcarryjustasifhewasagreatNewfoundlanddog.,这个女人叫他做这做那，简直把他当作一条纽芬兰的大狗。,-,22,Illustrativesimile,Theillustrativesimileexplainsabstractorcomplicatedideasorprocessesinsimple,concreteimagery.,-,23,Illustrativesimile,Toreleasetheenergyofstoresofatomsbybombardingwithsub-atomicparticlesislikeshootingbirdsinthedarkinacountrywherethereareveryfewbirds.(toillustratethegreatdifficultyofreleasingatomicenergybybombardingwithsub-atomicparticles),-,24,Illustrativesimile,Socomparedwithanyordinarybeamoflight,thelaserbeamisaveryorderlyaffairindeed.Itslikeamilitarymarcheveryoneinstep.Inanordinarybeam,thewavesarelikepeopleinacrowdgoingtoafootballmatch,jostlingandbumpingintooneanother.(toillustratethegreatorderlinessoflightwavesinalaserbeam),-,25,Simile,Triteandhackneyedsimiles:ascoldasiceasstrongasahorseascunningasafoxFreshsimiles:assoftasapillowaseasyasturningoveryourhandtalltreeslikepillarstothesky,-,26,Asas,morethan句型与形容词同级比较、比较级的比较在语法和结构上是一致的，但它们不是简单的比较，而是属于两类不同性质事物之间的比较，在形容同级和比较级的结构中，虽然也用asas或morethan把二者联系起来，但它只是一种简单的比较，而不是比喻。Heisastallashisfather.Heistallerthanhisfather.,-,27,不太常见的比喻词,1.用AistoBwhatCistoD表示比喻关系在这个结构中，what作连接词，是justas（恰似、好比、正如）的意思，to是介词，有“对于”的意思。前后呼应起来就是“A对于B正如C对于D一样”。特点是通过简单具体的形象说明复杂抽象的概念或过程。Thepenistoawriterwhatthegunistoafighter.Etiquetteetiketistosocietywhatapparel(prl衣服,服装)istotheindividual礼节之于社会，犹如衣服之于个人。,-,28,上面的句型还可以作如下的替换：WhatCistoD,thatAistoB或者AsCistoD,soAistoB.Whatsculpturesklptistoablockofmarblem:bl，(that)educationistothesoul教育之于心灵，犹如雕刻术之于大理石。Asthelioniskingofbeasts，soistheeaglekingofbirds本体是theeagle，喻体是thelion,-,29,2.用Itisinwithasinwith表示比喻关系Itisinlifeasinajourney人生好比旅行。,Itisinstudyingasineating；hewhodoesitgetsthebenefits，andnothewhoseesitdone,读书和吃饭一样，得益的是实际在吃的人，而不是在一旁观望的人。,-,30,3.用maymightaswellas表示比喻关系（正如不能也不能一样）Youmightaswellthrowyourmoneyawayasspenditingambling你把钱花在赌博上，还不如丢掉的好。Youmightaswellexpectarivertoflowbackwardashopetomoveme你不能动摇我的心，正如不能使河水倒流一样。,-,31,4.用nomorelessthan或notanymorethan表示比喻关系(和/正如一样）Ourvillageisnolessbeautifulthanthispicture我们的乡村同这幅画一样美丽。Thereisnomoredependencetobeplacedonhiswordsthanthereisonthewind他的话不可信就像一阵风吹过，消失殆尽。Ahomewithoutloveisnomoreahomethanabodywithoutsoulisaman一个没有爱的家庭不能称之为家庭，正如一个没有灵魂的躯体不能称之为人一样。,-,32,5.用and结构表示比喻关系(用于谚语中）Awordandastoneletgocannotbecalledback一言既出，如同抛石，无法收回.Thestrongmanandthewaterfallchanneltheirownpath强者像瀑布，总是自辟蹊径。Truthandoilareeverabove真理如油一样，总是要占上方的。Timeandtidewaitfornoman时光如流水，岁月不饶人。Fishandvisitorsstinkinthreedays鱼肉易臭，访客难久.,-,33,AsrichasaJew富比犹太人Aspoorasachurchmouse一贫如洗Asplentifulasblackberries多如牛毛ascoolascucumber泰然自若(冷静)asstubbornasamule犟得像牛asdrunkasarat烂醉如泥asstupidasagoose愚蠢如猪assoftasbutter像黄油一样软asblackasacow黑如乌鸦asproudasapeacock傲如孔雀,-,34,AsagileasamonkeyAsalikeastwopeasinapodAsbaldasacootAsbeautifulasnatureAsbigasabusAsbigasanelephantAsblackasasweepAsblackascoalLifeislikeanonion:Youpeelitoffonelayeratatime,andsometimesyouweep,AsblackaspitchAsblindasabatAsblindasamoleAsboldasbrassAsbraveasalionTheyfoughtlikecatsanddogs.AsbrightasabuttonAsbrightasanewpinAsbrightasdayAsbrightasthesunAsbrownasaberryAsbusyasabeaverAsbusyasabeeAscalmasamillpondAsclearasabellAscleanasawhistleAsclearascrystalAsclearasmud,Wecanrecitethem!,-,35,Moreusefulexamples,asclearasmudasstrongasanoxasnuttyasafruitcakeasprettyasapictureasgoodasgoldasquietasamouseasclearasabellasbrightasdayaslightasafeatherasdryasaboneasslowasmolassesasdeepastheocean,fitslikeagloverunslikeadeerchatterslikeamonkeymoveslikeasnailsitstherelikeabumponalogeatslikeapigswimslikeafishstoodoutlikeasorethumbfoughtlikecatsanddogseyeslikeahawktakesitlikeamansingslikeabird,Pleaserememberit!,-,36,Metaphor,deriversfromtheGreekword“metaphora”,whichmeans“transference,carryingover”Ametaphor,likeasimile,alsomakesacomparisonbetweentwounlikeelements,butunlikeasimile,thiscomparisonisimpliedratherthanstated.,-,37,Metaphor,Compare:Jimwasascunningasafox.Theworldislikeastage.Jimwasafox.Theworldisastage.,-,38,SimileweFindalsointhesoundathought,Hearingitbythisdistantnorthernsea.(MathewArnold),Thepoetcomparesthehumanbeingsvicissitudestotheebbandflowofthetides.Inhismind,humanlifeisastrugglehavingitsprogressandsetbackslikethemovementofthewavesthatdashthemselvesagainstthecliffsandthenrecede,andthenbeginalloveragain.,-,44,Illustrativemetaphor,Wehaveseenhowitcanhappenthatwhentwoatomsapproacheachotheratgreatspeeds,theygothroughoneanother,whileatmoderatespeedstheyboundoffeachotherliketwobilliardballs.Wehavetogoastepfurtherandseehow,atveryslowspeedsofapproach,theymanyactuallysticktogether.,-,45,Sustainedmetaphors,Thetenorissuccessivelycomparedtotwoormorevehicles.Itinvolvesvariouscomparisonofthetenorindifferentperspectives.Poetryisthescentoftherose,thelighteninginthesky,thegleamofthefly,thesoundofthesea.,-,46,Sustainedmetaphors,Beautyisbutavainanddoubtfulgood;Ashiningglossthatfadethsuddenly;Aflowerthatdieswhenfirstitbeginstobud;Abrittleglassthatsbrokenpresently(Shakespeare),-,47,Extendedmetaphors,Aninitialcomparisonismadeandthendeveloped.Allthewordsastage,Andallthemenandwomenmerelyplayers;Theyhavetheirexitsandtheirentrances,Andonemaninhistimeplaysmanyparts,hisactsbeingsevenages(W.Shakespeare),-,48,Visiblemetaphor“XisY”,Youaremysunshine.Heistheappleofhereye.Sheis