2008高考完形填空解题技巧

完形填空解题技巧,高考英语完形填空趋势,完形填空题着重考查学生对语意、语境和语篇的深层理解，并在掌握文章主旨大意的基础上，正确理解句与句、段与段之间的内在联系。考题的设计既有机遇全片理解的宏观题，也有基于对单句理解的局部题。全文注重基础知识和语言技能在语篇中的考察，有些问题的答案要通过语篇分析才能获得。,高考英语完形填空考查热点,热点1语篇理解,热点2逻辑推理，归纳概括,热点3情景运用，常识应用,热点4上下文联系,热点5词语辨析,一、英语完形填空解题思路,跳过空格，通读全文，把握大意,结合选项，综合考虑，初定答案,再读全文，仔细检查,二、完形填空的解题技巧,1）根据上下文语境解题,5）根据生活常识及文化背景解题,4）根据词语固定搭配及辨析解题,2）根据句段间的逻辑推理关系解题,3)根据词汇的复现解题,1）上下文语境,把具体的语言知识溶进具体的语言情景中去，考查考生通过上下文的前后提示或暗示，对整体文意进行把握的能力。这种考查方式所占的比例较大，且难度也大，若单纯从句子或个别段落来分析，或许所给的四个答案在语法和结构上都是正确的，若放在全局，则不一定正确。因此，快速浏览全文，领悟文章主旨，通过上下文的语境来选择答案是解决这类题的关键。,例1：Iclimbedthestairsslowly,carryingabigsuitcase,myfatherfollowingwithtwomore.BythetimeIgottothethirdfloor,Iwas1andthesametimefeelinglonely.Worsestill,Dad2astepandfell,sendingmynewsuitcaserollingdownthestairs.1.A.helplessB.lazyC.anxiousD.tired2.A.tookB.mindedC.missedD.picked,例2:ButEllaFant,whowasfilledwith1,shoutedatthetopofhervoice,Lookat2TheyrealloutofstepexceptmyJohnIsnthethebest1.A.sadnessB.happinessC.surpriseD.regret2.A.themB.herC.thatD.him,2）句际间的逻辑推理关系,完形填空中的任何一句话往往都不是孤立存在的，而是要靠上下问作依托，看前因后果才能确立的。它涉及到文章的起承转合、上下连贯。这类题主要考查考生对上下文逻辑关系的理解，如转折关系、让步关系、因果关系、递进关系、增补关系、比较关系以及对比关系等。,例1：IthasbeenmanyyearssinceIwaslastinLondon,_Istillremembersomethingthathappenedduringthatvisit.A.andB.forC.butD.as,例2：Atransistorradioissometimesverysmall.Itisveryeasytocarry48,radiobroadcastsarebetterforblindpeople.48.A.BesidesB.HoweverC.YetD.Sometimes,例3andtheofficersthenbegantoeattheirmeal,sayingthatthemushroomshadaverystrange38quitepleasanttaste.38.A.besidesB.butC.andD.or,例4：Theyaresomeofthepoorestpeopleinapovertystrickencountry.53,nowtheyhaveanextrasourceofincome.53.A.ButB.AndC.HoweverD.Therefore,3)词汇的复现,“词汇的复现”是指某一词以原词、同义词或近义词、概括词以及其他形式重复出现在语篇之中。词汇复现的语用意义是使得语篇中的句子相互衔接和连贯，从而构成一个完整和有机的意义整体。大体上说，词汇的复现包括：原词复现、同义词复现、近义词复现、反义词复现、概括词复现和注释性复现。,例1：Thestrangethingwasthatpracticallyallthestudentswenttoclass,andveryfewpeoplestayeduplateatnight.Onlythenewpeoplestayedupor_class.(NMET2000春）A.attendedB.tookC.missedD.studied,文章中or连接的是并列成分，所以空格中的内容应与上文wenttoclass构成相反的意义，该题属于反义词复现现象。,例2：Howdoesatoothgobad?The51beginsinalittlecrackintheenamel(珐琅）coveringofthetooth.Thishappensaftergermsandbitsoffoodhavecollectedthere.Thenthedecayslowlyspreadsinsidethetooth.Intheend,poisongoesintoblood,andwemayfeelquiteill.(2002,上海春季招生）51.A.destructionB.decayC.faultD.hurt,上文中讲蛀牙如何产生。空51和红体单词在意义上是一致的，属于同义词复现现象。,4)词语固定搭配及辨析,完形填空题中对词汇知识的考查主要体现在习惯用法和同义词、近义词的辨析两个方面。习惯用法是英语中某些固定的结构形态，不能随意变动。所以，考生应掌握习惯用法，用它来分析破解完形填空题或许可算得上是一件秘密武器。词义辨析题的比重有加大的趋势。要做好这类题目，非得有较大的词汇量、较强的词语搭配能力。,例1：Irealizedstrengthandcouragearentalways1inmedalsandvictories,butinthe2weovercome.(2004天津)1.A.measuredB.praisedC.testedD.increased2.A.sadnessB.strugglesC.diseasesD.tiredness,例2:TheotherdayIwassittinginasmallrestauranthavingaquietdrinkandatalkwithafewfriendswhenitsuddenly1methatalmosteveryoneintherestaurantwassmoking.Itwasntlong2thewholeroomwasfilledwithsmoke.1.A.seemedB.struckC.sankD.showed2.A.agoB.afterC.beforeD.now,5)生活常识及文化背景知识,完形填空题以自身的内容提供完整的语篇信息，其间无不渗透着各类相关的常识与知识。考生做题时，若能积极地调动自己的文化背景知识和生活常识，将会大大简化复杂的分析与判断过程，节省宝贵的时间，顺理成章地选出正确的答案。因此，这就要求考生平时注意知识的积累，并加强不同学科间的知识融合，有意识地了解一些英语国家的文化背景知识，这对英语学习和应试将大有帮助。,例1：,shewasalwayswaitingatthebusstoparound8:00.On39days,sheworeheavyclothesandapairofwoolengloves.39.A.sunnyB.rainyC.cloudyD.snowy,例2：Immediately)theofficersjumpedintotheircarsandrushedtothehospital.A.animalB.biggestC.plantD.nearest,例3：.Onethingwealldonowandagainistoloseour54withafriendandcloserelatives.Theoddthingisthatwemoreoftendisplaygreat55towardssomeonewearefondofthantowards56.(2002上海卷）54.A.mindB.memoryC.mannerD.temper55.A.angerB.interestC.loveD.respect56.A.strangersB.friendsC.relativesD.colleagues,在日常生活中人们通常会对亲戚朋友或者自己发脾气，但却不在陌生人身上。加上morethan的句型，则可以判断出答案了。,三、实战演练,做题三忌：急于求成，未通读全文便忙于答题，不了解文意，无整体概念边读边填，两眼忙于空白与选项之间，欲速则不达。只抠字眼，语法，不顾文意，抓不住关键。断章取义，就题论题，不管前后联系，互不照应，前后矛盾。,Aredreamsofanyusetothedreamerortoanybodyelse?Wemayrememberthetravelerwho_1_theshipWaratahatDurbanbecauseofhisterrible_2_.TheWaratahlaterdisappearedentirely,witheveryoneon_3_.Thetravelersdreamshelpedhimandsavedhimfrom_4_,buttheydidnthelptheotherpeople.Whywasthismantreated_5_fromeveryoneelse?,1.A.leftB.gotC.droveD.enter2.A.ideasB.suggestionsC.dreamsD.words3.A.boardB.shipC.seaD.deck4.A.lifeB.deathC.illnessD.disease5.A.similarlyB.differentlyC.strangelyD.unfortunately,left,board,death,differently,dreams,Anotherman_6_hadadreamabouttheBlackForestinGermany.Inhisdreamhewaswalkingintheforest_7_twomenranoutandtriedtothrowhimtothe_8_.Heranoffasfastashecould,buttheyfollowed.Hereachedaplace_9_hesawtwo_10_roadsinfrontofhim,onetotherightandtheothertotheleft.Whichroadoughtheto_11_?,6.A.aloneB.onceC.stillD.even7.A.whileB.asC.beforeD.when8.A.floorB.earthC.soilD.ground9.A.whichB.thatC.whereD.who10.A.sameB.separateC.dividedD.crossed11.A.takeB.bringC.carryD.go,句型,下文有暗示,宾语,separate,where,ground,when,once,take,Heheardthetwomen_12_him,gettingnearerandatthesametimeheheardavoiceinhisear.Ittoldhimtogotothe_13_,andhedidso.Heranonandsooncametoasmallhotel.Hewas_14_herekindlyandgivenaroom,andsohewas_15_fromthetwomen.Thatwasthedream.,12.A.nexttoB.infrontofC.besideD.behind13.A.houseB.hotelC.leftD.right14.A.acceptedB.receivedC.refusedD.closed15.A.killedB.murderedC.savedD.robbed,behind,right,下文有暗示,received,saved,16.A.exactlyB.reallyC.sincerelyD.actually17.A.happenedB.performedC.actedD.chose18.A.forgotB.rememberedC.missedD.noticed19.A.arrivedB.leftC.reachedD.got20.A.agoB.beforeC.laterD.after,Twentyyearslaterhewas_16_intheBlackForestandasit_17_inthedreamlongbefore,twomenranoutandtriedtothrowhimdown.Heranoff,andcametoaplacewithtworoadsasinthedream.H