英语单词时态变化规则以及读音规则

一、动词第三人称单数的变化规则及发音规律1、大多数动词在词尾加“S”在清辅音后发音为s，在浊辅音及元音后发音为 z。如： stopstops s ; makemakes s readreads z ; playplays z2、以辅音字母加“y”结尾的，要先将“y”变为“i”，然后在加“es”读iz 如： flyflies z； carrycarries z studystudies z; worryworries 3、以“s, x, ch, sh”结尾的，在词尾加“es”，发音为iz 如： teachteaches iz; watchwatches iz4、以“o”结尾的动词，加“es”，读z 如： gogoes z dodoes z5、以不发音字母“e”结尾的开音节词，如果尾音是s，z时，加“s”后字母“e”发音， 与所加“s” 一起读做iz。 如： closecloses iz二、名词复数的规则变化 _情况 构成方法 读音例词_一般情况加 -s 1.清辅音后读/s/; map-maps2.浊辅音和元音后 bag-bags读 /z/;car-cars_以s,sh,ch,x等结尾的词加 -es 读 /iz/bus-buseswatch-watches_以ce,se,ze,(d)ge等结尾的词 加 -s读 /iz/license-licenses_以辅音字母+y 变y 为i结尾的词 再加es 读 /z/baby-babies_以-f或-fe结尾的名词多将-f或-fe变成-ves，但有例外，读音变化：尾音f改度vz。例：life-lives leaf-leaves反例：roof-roofs_以O结尾的名词，如果不是外来词或缩写就加-es，否则加-s构成复数。读音:z。例：tomato-tomatoes反例：piano-pianos（外来词） photo-photos（缩写词）三、英语规则动词过去式变化规则和发音规则和不规则动词表1.规则动词的过去式词尾变化有几种：1一般情况下加ed，如watched, planted, watered, pulled, climbed, picked。2以不发音字母e结尾的加d，如liked, moved, tasted。3以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加ed，如studystudied。4以1个元音字母加1个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节，双写最后一个辅音字母再加ed，如stopstopped。2.过去式的发音是由单词的最后一个音素来决定的: 1.如果该单词以清辅音结尾,如/k/,/p/等,则读作/t/,例如looked读作/t/. 2.如果该单词以浊辅音结尾,如/n/,/b/等,则读作/d/,例如abandoned读作/d/.3.如果该单词以字母t或字母d结尾,则读作/id/,例如started读作/id/. 4.如果该单词以元音结尾,则读作/d/,例如studied读作/d/.3.不规则动词表Infinitive 不定式Past Tense 过去式Past Participle 过去分词abideabode, abidedabode, abidedalightalighted, alitalighted, alitarisearosearisenawakeawokeawoke, awakedbewas, werebeenbearboreborne, bornbeatbeatbeatenbecomebecamebecomebefallbefellbefallenbegetbegotbegotten, begotbeginbeganbegunbeholdbeheldbeheldbendbentbentbereavebereaved, bereftbereaved, bereftbeseechbesought, beseechedbesought, beseechedbesetbesetbesetbespeakbespokebespoken, bespokebespreadbespreadbespreadbestrewbestrewedbestrewed, bestrewnbestridebestrodebestridden, bestrid, bestrodebetbet, bettedbet, bettedbetakebetookbetakenbethinkbethoughtbethoughtbidbade, bidbidden, bidbidebode, bidedbidedbindboundboundbitebitbitten, bitbleedbledbledblendblended, blentblended, blentblessblessed, blestblessed, blestblowblewblownbreakbrokebrokenbreedbredbredbringbroughtbroughtbroadcastbroadcast, broadcastedbroadcast, broadcastedbrowbeatbrowbeatbrowbeatenbuildbuiltbuiltburnburnt, burnedburnt, burnedburstburstburstbuyboughtboughtcancould-castcastcastcatchcaughtcaughtchidechid, chidedchid, chidden, chidedchoosechosechosencleavecleaved, cleft, clovecleaved, cleftcleaveclaveclovenclingclungclungclotheclothed, cladclothed, cladcomecamecomecostcostcostcreepcreptcreptcrowcrowed, crewcrowedcutcutcutdaredared, durstdareddealdealtdealtdigdugdugdispreaddispreaddispreaddodiddonedrawdrewdrawndreamdreamed, dreamtdreamed, dreamtdrinkdrankdrunkdrivedrovedrivendwelldwelt, dwelleddwelt, dwelledeatateeatenfallfellfallenfeedfedfedfeelfeltfeltfightfoughtfoughtfindfoundfoundfleefledfledflingflungflungflyflewflownflyfledfledflyfliedfliedforbearforboreforborneforbidforbade, forbadforbiddenforecastforecast, forecastedforecast, forecastedfordofordidfordoneforegoforewentforegoneforeknowforeknewforeknownforerunforeranforerunforeseeforesawforeseenforeshowforeshowedforeshownforetellforetoldforetoldforgetforgotforgotten, forgotforgiveforgaveforgivenforsakeforsookforsakenforswearforsworeforswornfreezefrozefrozengainsaygainsaidgainsaidgetgotgot, gottengildgilded, giltgildedgirdgirded, girtgirded, girtgivegavegivengowentgonegravegravedgraven, gravedgrindgroundgroundgrowgrewgrownhamstringhamstringed, hamstrunghamstringed, hamstrunghanghunghunghanghangedhangedhavehadhadhearheardheardheaveheaved, hoveheaved, hovehewhewedhewed, hewnhidehidhidden, hidhithithitholdheldheldhurthurthurtinlayinlaidinlaidkeepkeptkeptkneelknelt, kneeledknelt, kneeledknitknitted, knitknitted, knitknowknewknownladeladedladed, ladenlaylaidlaidleadledledleanleaned, leantleaned, leantleapleapt, leapedleapt, leapedlearnlearnt, learnedlearnt, learnedleaveleftleftlendlentlentletletletlielaylainlieliedliedlightlitlitlightlightedlightedloselostlostmakemademademaymight-meanmeantmeantmeetmetmetmeltmeltedmelted, meltenmisdealmisdealtmisdealtmisgivemisgavemisgivenmislaymislaidmislaidmisleadmisledmisledmistakemistookmistakenmisunderstandmisunderstoodmisunderstoodmowmowedmowed, mownmustmust-oughtought-outbidoutbade, outbidoutbidden, outbidoutbreedoutbredoutbredoutdooutdidoutdoneouteatoutateouteatenoutfightoutfoughtoutfoughtoutgooutwentoutgoneoutgrowoutgrewoutgrownoutlayoutlaidoutlaidoutrideoutrodeoutriddenoutrunoutranoutrunoutselloutsoldoutsoldoutshineoutshoneoutshoneoutshootoutshotoutshotoutsitoutsatoutsatoutspendoutspentoutspentoutspreadoutspreadoutspreadoutthrowoutthrewoutthrownoutthrustoutthrustoutthrustoutwearoutworeoutwornoverbearoverboreoverborneoverbidoverbidoverbidden, overbidoverblowoverblewoverblownoverbuildoverbuiltoverbuiltoverbuyoverboughtoverboughtovercastovercastovercastovercomeovercameovercomeoverdooverdidoverdoneoverdrawoverdrewoverdrawnoverdriveoverdroveoverdrivenovereatoverateovereatenoverfeedoverfedoverfedoverflyoverflewoverflownovergrowovergrewovergrownoverhangoverhungoverhungoverhearoverheardoverheardoverladeoverladedoverladed, overladenoverlayoverlaidoverlaidoverleapoverleapt, overleapedoverleapt, overleapedoverlieoverlayoverlainoverpayoverpaidoverpaidoverrideoverrodeoverriddenoverrunoverranoverrunoverseeoversawoverseenoverselloversoldoversoldoversetoversetoversetoversewoversewedoversewed, oversewnovershootovershotovershotoversleepoversleptoversleptoverspendoverspentoverspentoverspreadoverspreadoverspreadovertakeovertookovertakenoverthrowoverthrewoverthrownoverwindoverwoundoverwoundoverwriteoverwroteoverwrittenpartakepartookpartakenpaypaidpaidprecastprecastprecastprechooseprechoseprechosenproveprovedproved, provenputputputquitquitted, quitquitted, quitreadreadreadreavereaved, reftreaved, reftrebuildrebuiltrebuiltrecastrecastrecastreeverove, reevedrove, reevedrelayrelaidrelaidrendrentrentrepayrepaidrepaidresetresetresetretellretoldretoldridrid, riddedrid, riddedrideroderiddenringrangrungriseroserisenriverivenriven, rivedrunranrunsawsawedsawn, sawedsaysaidsaidseesawseenseeksoughtsoughtsellsoldsoldsendsentsentsetsetsetsewsewedsewn, sewedshakeshookshakenshallshould-shaveshavedshaved, shavenshearshearedshorn, shearedshedshedshedshineshone, shinedshone, shinedshoeshod, shoedshod, shoedshootshotshotshowshowedshown, showedshredshredded, shredshredded, shredshrinkshrank, shrunkshrunk, shrunkenshriveshrove, shrivedshriven, shrivedshutshutshutsingsang, sungsungsinksank, sunksunk, sunkensitsatsatslayslewslainsleepsleptsleptslideslidslid, sliddenslingslungslungslinkslunkslunkslitslitslitsmellsmelt, smelledsmelt, smelledsmitesmotesmitten, smotesowsowedsown, sowedspeakspokespokenspeedsped, speededsped, speededspellspelt, spelledspelt, spelledspendspentspentspillspilt, spilledspilt, spilledspinspunspunspitspat, spitspat, spitsplitsplitsplitspoilspoilt, spoiledspoilt, spoiledspreadspreadspreadspringsprang, sprungsprungstandstoodstoodstavestaved, stovestaved, stovestealstolestolenstickstuckstuckstingstungstungstinkstank, stunkstunkstrewstrewedstrewn, strewedstridestrodestridden, stridstrikestruckstruck, strickenstringstrungstrungstrivestrove, strivedstriven, strivedswearsworeswornsweatsweat, sweatedsweat, sweatedsweepsweptsweptswellswelledswollen, swelledswimswamswumswingswungswungtaketooktakenteachtaughttaughtteartoretorntelltoldtoldthinkthoughtthoughtthrivethrove, thrivedthriven, thrivedthrowthrewthrownthrustthrustthrusttreadtrodtrodden, trodunbendunbentunbentunbindunboundunboundunbuildunbuiltunbuiltunderbidunderbidunderbidden, underbidunderbuyunderboughtunderboughtundercutundercutundercutunderdounderdidunderdoneunderfeedunderfedunderfedundergounderwentundergoneunderlayunderlaidunderlaidunderletunderletunderletunderlieunderlayunderlainunderpayunderpaidunderpaidunderrununderranunderrunundersellundersoldundersoldundersetundersetundersetundershootundershotundershotunderstandunderstoodunderstoodundertakeundertookundertakenunderwriteunderwroteunderwrittenundoundidundoneundrawundrewundrawnunfreezeunfrozeunfrozenungirdungirded, ungirtungirded, ungirtunhangunhungunhungunknitunknitted, unknitunknitted, unknitunladeunladedu