2011高考英语必看之-高中英语基础写作

BasicWriting,基础写作,基础写作的命题特点：考生按所给的内容及要求，用5个规范的英语句子描述所给信息的全部内容，并组成连贯的短文。简而言之，考查考生整理信息和组词造句成文的能力。,基础写作的评分标准？1234,句子内容的完整性(Completeness),句子结构的正确性(correctness),句子结构的复杂性(Variety),句子内容的连贯性(Coherence),二.基础写作基本步骤,基础写作步骤,审,抓,扩,连,改,抄,基础写作步骤,一、审题,理清文字信息,判断文章格式、人称、要点、时态、,基础写作步骤,二、抓要点,确定主要行为,用一两个词或短语写出每句的要点,基础写作步骤,三、扩展成句,形成基本语义单位,用一些简单句、不同句型、不同句式或高级词汇将要点扩展成句,基础写作步骤,四、连句成文,时间空间细节连贯呼应,背景（适当增加时间、地点条件等）、逻辑关系、开头与结尾、巧用连接词和过渡句,书面表达六步法,五、查错改错,要尽量剔除错误如要点齐全、句法、语法有无问题；单词拼写、大小写和标点符号；句数,基础写作步骤,六、誊写,卷面要工整,模板1：观点对比Thetopicaboutisbecomingmoreandmorepopularinourschoolrecently.Therearetwosidesofopinionaboutit.Somestudentsprefertoconsiderdoingsth.(Somestudentssayistheirfavorite.)theythinkthat(理由一).Whatsmore,(理由二).Moreover,(理由三)However,othersbelieveisabetterchoiceforthreereasons.(然而，其余的人认为做某事是一种较好的选择，有三个方面的理由)Tobeginwith,(理由一).Next,(理由二).Inaddition,(理由三)Frommypointofview,theformerissurelyawisechoice.Thereasonisthat(或者用：AsfarasIamconcerned,Ifirmlysupporttheviewthat(依我来看，我坚决支持这种观点that引导同位语从句),Findoutthemistakesifany:1.Thereare40%ofthestudentsthinkthattheEnglishteacherhaveaclassinterestingandlively.40%ofthestudentsthinkthattheEnglishteachersshouldhavetheirclassesinterestingandlively.错误诊断：therebe句型使用错误.中国式英语,2.Theteachersareyoung、friendlyandfunnyinourschoolhave28%studentswelcomethem.28%ofthestudentswelcometheteacherswhoareyoung、friendlyandhumorous.错误诊断：多谓语现象中国式英语,3.ManyofthestudentsliketheteacherSomeofthemliketheteacherSomeliketheteachercanknowAndsomeliketheteacher错误诊断：不能笼统地用many,some来说明，要用数据来说明。,4.28%studentsthinkteachermusthaveyoung、friendly、humour.28%ofstudentsthinktheteachersmustbeyoung、friendly、humorous.错误诊断：百分比和名词之间要用of,of之后的名词要有thehave的用法词性错误,Andhad20%ofstudentsliketheteacherkindnesstoeveryone.错误诊断：have的用法错误,Summary,写说明文,时态要用现在时,注意句子结构,尤其是主句,从句结构要清晰,复杂,主句,状语部分要用恰当,不要逐句翻译.如果写介绍性质的文章,如:地名,院校等写作顺序建议如下:地面气城著(地名)地史班科著(院校),我校是一所省重点中学，位于县城的北部。校园很美,绿树成荫。,Nortthofxinxingliesourschool,whichisakeyschoolofxinxing.Itisbeautiful,surroundedwithmanytrees/withmanytrees.,Translatethesentences:,一、高考考纲中对基础写作的要求第一节：基础写作（共1小题，满分15分）请根据以下的情景说明，使用5个规范的英语句子描述全部所给的信息内容。情景说明下表是对某学校食堂服务调查情况：1、学校食堂的优点：食堂干净；饭菜可口；服务态度好。2、学校食堂的不足之处：价格偏高；种类偏少；等候时间较长。3、建议：尽快解决问题。假设你是李华，请就本校食堂服务(canteenservice)的状况给校长写一封信，反映以上问题。,写作要求1、必须使用5个句子介绍全部所给的内容;2、将5个句子组织成连贯的短文;3、信的开头和结尾已给出,不包括在5个句子内。评分标准1、句子结构的复杂度和准确度；2、短文内容的完整性和连贯性。,二、基础写作的解题思路及步骤1、认真审题，明确要求。审题时要注意以下几点：1）写出的短文必须是5个句子，不能多也不能少；2）必须是连贯的短文，而且要求句子结构准确、复杂；3）短文必须包括全部信息内容，不能遗漏任何一点；4）确定短文的主题和格式；主题：学校食堂服务调查情况格式：书信（本文不用考虑）5）确定短文的人称和时态。人称：第一和第二人称时态：一般现在时,2、划分信息块，列出写作要点，明确写作的先后次序。根据信息内容，本文可划分成3个信息块，即是写作的要点，按顺序可列为以下点：1）学校食堂服务的优点：食堂干净；饭菜可口;服务态度好2）学校食堂服务的不足之处：价格偏高；种类偏少；等候时间较长3）建议：尽快解决问题,3、依据写作要点，草拟提纲。要点1：advantages;besatisfiedwith;cleanandtidy;deliciousfood;goodservice.要点2：disadvantages;benotsatisfiedwith;price;toohigh;alimitedvarietyofdishes;waitalongtimetogetthemeal.要点3：solvetheproblemsassoonaspossible.注意：这是组织语言、形成短文的基础步骤。这一步骤的要求是：根据内容提示简单地列出提纲，将所需要的语言材料准备好。可以只列出主要的词、词组、短语及句型，暂不考虑动词的时态、语态、人称和数等。,4、扩展成句，连句成篇。将上述所列出的词、词组、短语等扩展成句。注意时态、语态的正确运用。1)将要点扩展成句。1.Wearesatisfiedwiththecleanandtidycanteen,thedeliciousfoodandthegoodservice.2.Wearenotsatisfiedthatthepriceofthefoodisalittletoohighandthatwehavealimitedvarietyofdishestochoosefrom.Andwehavetowaitalongtimetogetthemeal.3.Theproblemsshouldbesolvedassoonaspossible.,2）连句成篇注意根据内容编排，分清层次，确定详略，将写好的单句重新排列组合起来，使之前后连贯成一篇完整的文章。同时选用恰当的关联词使文章过渡自然，行文流畅。我们通常可以采用以下的方法：为了避免表达重复，使用一句多译法：Eg:a)Wearesatisfiedwiththecleanandtidycanteen,thedeliciousfoodandthegoodservice.Tooursatisfaction,thecanteeniscleanandtidy,thefoodisdeliciousandtheserviceisgood.b)Andwehavetowaitalongtimetogetthemeal.Andwehavetostandinlineforalongtimebeforewecangetthemeal.c)Theproblemsshouldbesolvedassoonaspossible.Youcansolvetheproblemsassoonaspossible.,使用从句表达，使句子结构更复杂。Eg:a)Wearenotsatisfiedthatthepriceofthefoodisalittletoohighandthatwehavealimitedvarietyofdishestochoosefrom.Whatisnottooursatisfactionisthatthepriceofthefoodisalittletoohighandthatwecanhavealimitedvarietyofdishestochoosefrom.b)Andwehavetowaitalongtimetogetthemeal.Andwehavetostandinlineforalongtimebeforewecangetthemeal.,为了增强短文的连贯性，使表达流畅自然，要巧用关联词。请熟记和用好以下的关联词语：A、表并列：besides,inaddition,whatsmore,moreover,or,and,also,too,aswellasB、表转折：however,nevertheless,yetC、表原因：becauseof,thanksto,owingto,duetoD、表结果：thus,therefore,asaresultE、表列举：namely,forexample,forinstance,thatistosayF、表结论：toconclude,inaword,inbriefG、表时间顺序：first,second,then,soon,finally,atlastH、表空间顺序：here,there,infrontof,atthebackof,nextto,ononeside,ontheothersideI、表对称关系：foronething,fortheotherthing,ononehand,ontheotherhand,使用特殊句型，让句子的表达效果更好。a)使用强调句型。Eg:ItisEnglishandcomputerclassesthatIlikebest.b)使用感叹句可以抒发内心强烈的感情。Eg:Howtimeflies!c)使用倒装句，使描写更生动。Eg:Outrushedthechildrenshortlyafterclass.d)with+名词+复合宾语句型，增强文章的感染性。Mybrotherwasridingwithmesittingontheseatbehind.,使用非谓语动词表达，使句子更加生动。用非谓语动词翻译下列句子：a)指着不远处的一位警察，他解释道Pointingtoapolicemannotfaraway,heexplainedb)他们看见阿福带着我的小妹妹游向岸边。TheysawAhFuswimmingtowardsthebankcarryingmylittlesister.c)我父母养了一条狗，名叫阿福。MyparentskeepadogcalledAhFu.d)凡参加音乐比赛的同学要听歌曲片段，然后猜出处。Thestudentstakingpartinthecontestwilllistentopartofasongandthenguesswhereitcomesfrom.,1,如何在写作中避免句式单一,Rewritethesentences,1.Theyarrivedattheschool.Theyfeltthehappyatmosphere.2.Iwillbegivenanotherchance.Iwillsucceed.3.HewantstoimprovehisEnglish.Hestudieshard.,方法一.使用非谓语动词使句子简洁高档,Whentheyarrivedattheschool,theyfeltthehappyatmosphere.,Arrivingattheschool,theyfeltthehappyatmosphere.,IfIamgivenanotherchance,Iwillsucceed.,Givenanotherchance,Iwillsucceed.,InordertoimprovehisEnglish,hestudieshard.,方法一.使用非谓语动词使句子简洁高档,Completethesentenceswithnon-predicate(非谓语动词)听到这个消息,他们变的很激动._thenews,theygotexcited.2.尽管被告知许多遍,他仍然重复这个错._manytimes,hestillrepeatedthemistake.3.除非被邀请发言,你应该在会议上保持沉默.Unless_tospeak,youshouldkeepsilentatthemeeting.,Hearing,Havingbeentold,invited,Translatethefollowingsentencesbyusingnon-predicate(非谓语动词),1,面对困难时，他从不放弃。2，引入市场后，该产品大获成功。3，做完作业后，他回家了。,Facedwith/Facingdifficulties,henevergivesup.,Introducedtothemarket,theproductmadeagreatsuccess.,Havingfinishedhishomework,hereturnedhome.,方法二.巧用倒装结构增强句子的表现力,hereturnedhomedidherealizehisfoolishness.,bychangingthewaywelivecanwesavetheearth.,Cleverheis,hedoesnotworkhard.,standstheclocktower.,方法二.巧用倒装结构增强句子的表现力,TranslatethesentencesbyusingInvertedSentences(倒装句)1.他从不说关于他家庭的事.2.只有我们每个人都意识到水的重要性,我们才能生活得更好.3.只有用这种方式,我们才能有足够的精力好好学习.,Neverdidhespeakabouthisownfamily.,Onlywheneachofusrealizestheimportanceofwater,canweliveabetterlife.,Onlyinthiswaycanwehaveenoughenergytostudybetter.,方法二.巧用倒装结构增强句子的表现力,5.他是个孩子，却知道很多。6.墙上有个通知，上面写着“请节约用水”.,Childas/thoughheis,heknowsalot.,Onthewallisanoticesaying“PleaseSaveWater”.,AssoonasLienChanandhiswifearrivedattheairport,theywerewarmlywelcomed.Onarrivingattheairport,LienChanandhiswifeLienChanandhiswifewerewarmlywelcomeddirectly/themomenttheyarrivedattheairport.NosoonerhadLienChanandhiswifearrivedattheairportthantheywereHardlyhadLienChanandhiswifearrivedattheairportwhentheywere,方法三.尝试多样化表达方式,Inrecentyears,Beijinghasbeenadvancingveryfast.Allthesemakepeopleslivesconvenient,pleasantandcolorful._which_Withthedevelopmentof_so_that_,Inrecentyears,Beijinghasbeenadvancingveryfast,makespeopleslivesconvenient,pleasant,Beijing,peopleslivesarebecomingmoreandmoreconvenient,pleasantandcolorful.,Nowadays,Beijingisdevelopingfastpeopleslivesaregettingmoreconvenient,pleasantandcolorful.,句式多样文章增“靓”,一.使用非谓语动词使句子简洁高档,二.巧用倒装增强句子表现力,三.尝试多样化表达方式,5、请看下面两篇短文的对比情况：短文1：DearMr.Principal,Imaseniorstudentofourschool.Idliketosaysomethingaboutthecanteenserviceinourschool.Wearesatisfiedwiththecleanandtidycanteen,thedeliciousfoodandthegoodservice.Wearenotsatisfiedthatthepriceofthefoodisalittletoohighandthatwehavealimitedvarietyofdishestochoosefrom.Andwehavetowaitalongtimetogetthemeal.Theproblemsshouldbesolvedassoonaspossible.Thanksforyourconsideration.Sincerelyyours,LiHua,短文2：DearMr.Principal,Imaseniorstudentofourschool.Idliketosaysomethingaboutthecanteenserviceinourschool.Ingeneral,wearesatisfiedwiththecleanandtidydinninghall,itsdeliciousfoodandthegoodservice.However,whatisnottooursatisfactionisthatthepriceofthemealisalittletoohighandthatwecanonlyhavealimitedvarietyofdishestochoosefrom.Inaddition,weoftenhavetostandinlineforalongtimebeforewecangetthemeal.Youcouldunderstandhowprecioustimeitistousstudents.Therefore,mayIsuggestthattheproblembesolvedassoonaspossiblesothatwecanallenjoyourmealsatschool?Thanksforyourconsideration.Sincerelyyours,LiHua,5、全面检查，避免失误。主要从以下几方面入手：1）文体格式是否正确。2）人称是否符合要求。3）有无单词拼写错误。4）大小写、标点符号是否有错。5）语法是否正确。（句子的时态、语态、主谓一致、非谓语动词、单复数、指代词等）6）过渡词是否使用自然。7）要点是否齐全。8）书写是否