2011高考英语必看之-简单句、并列句

语法框架图,一、句法：1、按使用目的分：陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句.2、按其结构可以分:简单句五种基本句型并列句复合句定语从句状语从句名词性从句（主语、宾语、表语、同位语从句）,3、倒装句(全部倒装部分倒装）4、虚拟语气（三种基本结构以及错综条件句）5、非谓语动词（功能，尤其是现在分词与过去分词的用法）6、主谓一致,二、词法：7、名词结构（可数与不可数名词，不可数名词前加不定冠词的用法）8、动词的时态和语态（8种常用时态的熟练掌握，特别注意语境）9、情态动词（特别注意表推测和不表推测的情态动词的用法）10、代词（几组代词的比较）11、形容词与副词（相似形容词和副词的比较，倍数表达法）,句法知识,1.Realityisnotthewayyouwishthingstobe,northewaytheyappeartobe,butthewaytheyactuallyare.,2.Inthesilenceforthepauses,wecouldheareachothersbreathingandcouldalmostbearourownheartbeats.,Step1分析下列句子,3.Polarbearslivemostlyonseaice,whichtheyuseasaplatformforhuntingseals.,4.Thebiggestproblemformostplants,whichcantjustgetupandrunawaywhenthreatened,isthatanimalsliketoeatthem.,Step2,句子的种类,（一）按使用目的可分为:陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句.,1）陈述句:说明一个事实或陈述一种看法.光比声速度快.这部电影很乏味.,Lighttravelsfasterthansound.（说明事实）,Thefilmisratherboring.（说明看法）,2）疑问句:提出问题,有以下四种:A.一般疑问句:你能按时完成工作吗？B.特殊疑问句:什么使得你如此伤心？你怎么知道那件事？C.选择疑问句:你是要茶还是要咖啡？D.反意疑问句:他不认识她,对不对？,Canyoufinishtheworkintime?,Howdoyouknowthat?,Doyouwantteaorcoffee?,Hedoesntknowher,doeshe?,Whatmadeyousoupset?,3）祈使句:提出请求,建议或发出命令，省略主语you的句子。,Workhard,andyouwillsucceed.,4）感叹句:表示说话人惊奇、喜悦、愤怒等情绪.由how和what引导,好好干，你就会成功的。,多好的消息啊！,Whatgoodnewsitis!,Howgoodthenewsis!,（二）句子按其结构可以分为:简单句、并列句、复合句.,判断下列句式,BothmywifeandIarefromBeijing.Myfatherandmothergotoworkat7inthemorning.HelikesplayingbasketballwhileIlikeplayingvolleyball.Remembertowritetoyourparentsassoonasyougetthere.,简单句,简单句,简单句,简单句,简单句,e.Peterreceivedaletterjustnowsayinghisgrandmawouldcometoseehimsoon.f.Nopersonshallsmokeorcarryalightedcigarette，cigarorpipeinthisarea”g.Thechildrenwenthomefromthegrammarschool,theirlessonsfinishedfortheday.,（二）句子按其结构可以分为:简单句、并列句、复合句.,1）简单句:只含一个主谓结构.她喜欢集邮.,2）并列句:含两或两个以上主谓结构,句间由并列连词或分号连接.食物很精美,但他却没什么胃口.,3）复合句:含一个主句和一个或几个从句,从句由从属连词引导.我们到达电影院的时候,电影已经开演了.,Sheisfondofcollectingstamps.,Thefoodwasgood,buthehadlittleappetite.,Thefilmhadbegunwhenwegottothecinema.,简单句,1）主+动（SV）,2）主+系+表（SVP）,3）主+动+宾（SVO）,4）主+动+间宾+直宾（SVOiOd）,5）主+动+宾+补（SVOC）,6）Therebe句型,六种基本句型,Youaresittingonthetrainhome.Therecomesthebus!Theegospotentialforexpansionislimitless.BreckenridgehoststheinternationalSnowSculptureChampionships.Thereexistedanationintheocean.Ourneighborsgaveusababybirdyesterday.Wethinkitourdutytostudywell.,主+动（SV）,主+动（SV）,主+系+表（SVP）,主+动+宾（SVO）,Therebe句型,主+动+间宾+直宾（SVOiOd）,主+动+宾+补（SVOC）,判断下列句子属于何种句式,Exercises,Whatlovelychildrenare!Whatafineweatheritis!Thereusedtohaveanoldtempleoverthere.Comehereamoment,doyou?Totrysomeofthisjuice-perhapsyoulllikeit.Mayyouhappy!Tom,cleansthewindowthisafternoon.Helookedsadatme.,改错：,theyare!,be,will,behappy!,clean,sadly,（三）基本句型:英语中千变万化的句子归根结底都是由以下五种基本句型组合、扩展、变化而来的:,1）主+动（SV）Iwork.,2）主+系+表（SVP）Thingsaregettingbetter.Sheturneddoctor.表状态存在的系动词：be,seem,appear,prove,look,smell,taste,sound,feel表状态延续：remain,stay,keep,continue表状态变化：become,grow,get,come,go,turn,3）主+动+宾（SVO）ShestudiesEnglish.,4）主+动+间宾+直宾（SVOiOd）Mymothermademeanewdress.双及物动词有：give,send,teach,bring,show,tell,make,sing,sell,readetc.,5）主+动+宾+补（SVOC）Isawhimcomeintothehouseyesterday.能带宾补的动词：1）感官动词：see,watch,lookat,observe,notice,feel,find,hear,listento2）使让动词：have,make,let,get,force3）其它：want,wishexpect,allow,permit,forbid,ask,order,adviseetc.,1英语句子必须有谓语动词。他像他爸爸。这本书值得一读。我反对你的意见。,五种基本句型的推导：,2一个句子内有且只有一个动词充当谓语（并列谓语除外），其余动词应为非谓语或从句的谓语。他给我一些水喝。,Heislikehisfather.,Thebookisworthreading.,Imagainstyou.,Hegavemesomewatertodrink.,3英语的任何句子都由五种基本句型构成。它是我们判断句子正确与否的标准，是英语写作、阅读的基础。4注意基本句型与习惯表达。今天我玩得很开心。时间不够了。,TodayIplayedhappily.,Ihadagoodtimetoday.,Timewasnotenough.,Wehadnotenoughtime.,Homework,1).Whatmakesastudyscientificisnot,ofcourse,thenatureofthethingswithwhichitisconcernedbutthemethodbywhichitdealswiththesethings.2).WhenMr.Jonesgotback,heimmediatelywenttosleeponthelivingroomsofawiththe“Newofworld”overhisface.,Analyzethesentences.,Revision,1.把下列简单句按基本句型分类：,Nobodyishere./2.Hepassedmeacupoftea./3.Tomdoesntknowthepopstar./4.Mymotherstaysathome./5.Themilktastesgood./6.Thecarcaughtfire./7.Theteacherhastoldmethefact./8.Heisreadingabook./9.Hegavemealectureyesterday./10.Sheisveryfriendly./11.Icanswim./12.Ihavehadagoodtime/13.Ifoundhimtalking./14.ThisEnglishbookisveryinteresting.,主+谓：（）主+谓+宾：（）主+系+表：()主+谓+双宾：()主+谓+宾+宾补：(),4,11,3,6,8,12,1,5,10,14,2,7,9,13,2.更正下列句子的错误,1.Hecametheroom.2.Themusicsounds.3.Ihaveseen.4.Hegaveapenme.5.Thebossmadetheboytoworkhard.6.Myfatherboughtabooktome.,1.Hecameintotheroom2.Themusicsoundswonderful3.Ihaveseenthefilm.4.Hegaveapentome.5.Thebossmadetheboyworkhard.6.Myfatherboughtabookforme.,3.翻译下列句子并分析句子结构：,1.我经常在早晨读英语。2.玛丽是个聪明的学生。3.我的老师交给我一封信4.我母亲经常叫我努力学习。5.我们叫我们的老师王先生6.他正在房里做家庭作业。,1.IoftenreadEnglishinthemorning.,2.Maryisacleverstudent.,3.Myteachergavemealetter.,4.Mymotheroftenasksmetostudyhard.,5.WecallourteacherMr.Wang.,6.Heisdoinghishomeworkintheroom.,主+谓+宾,主+系+表,主+谓+双宾,主+谓+宾+宾补,主+谓+宾+宾补,主+谓+宾,并列句,把两个或几个简单句用并列连词连接起来的句子。,四种类型,1.由and,notonlybutalso,neithernor,then连接；表同等概念。,Notonlydothenurseswantapayincrease,butalsotheywantreducedhours.,2.由eitheror,or,otherwise等连接；表选择,EithersheleavesorIwill.,3.由but,still,yet,however,while,when,whereas,nevertheless等连接；表转折。,Mymotherlikescoffeewhilemyfatherlikestea.,4.由so,for,therefore等连接；表因果。,Hefounditdifficulttoread,forhiseyeswerefailing.,注意逻辑关系,1.Givehimaninchhelltakeanell.A.butB.andC.forD.so2.didthestudentsdance,theirteachersang.A.NeitherorB.EitherorC.BothandD.Notonlybutalso3.Feathersfalltothegroundslowlystonesfallmuchfaster.A.andB.whileC.butD.yet4.Wemustgetupearlytomorrow,wellmissthefirstbustotheGreat.A.howeverB.butC.orD.so,6.Ithoughtwedbelatefortheconcert,_weendedupgettingthereaheadoftime.7.SearchthewebsiteoftheFireDepartmentinyourcity,_youwilllearnalotaboutFirefighting.8.Theyweresurprisedthatachildshouldworkouttheproblem_theythemselvescouldnt.,but,and,while,5.Heworkedhard,hefailed.A.whileB.andC.soD.yet,9.Iwasjustabouttoliedowntorest_Isawasnakeinthegrass.,when,句子的连接和标点符号,1、句号连接两个并列句子，第二个句