2011届高考英语二轮专题复习课件(湖南专用)：完形填空-专题四说明文

专题四说明文,专题四说明文,专题四专题导读,说明文往往围绕一个问题从不同的侧面来加以说明，通常结构严谨，句子结构复杂，因此也是高考完形填空中较难理解的一种文体。说明文一般有三类：一是实体事例说明文。包括说明书、广告、解说词、人物介绍、知识小品、知识注解等(实体事物是指国家、城市、人物、山水、树木、花草、虫鱼、鸟兽、建筑、文化古迹、科技成果及各种工农业产品)；二是事理说明文。包括理论性解释、文书简介、教材等(事理是指观点、立场、名词概念、学术流派等)；三是文艺性说明文。即把说明对象拟人化，进而编成故事，对其进行介绍。具体特点为：,专题四专题导读,1开头点题。做说明文完形填空时，要明确说明的对象是什么，是具体实物还是理论性概念。因此，明确说明的对象是掌握说明细节的前提。在近年的说明型填空中，作者一般在文章的首句直接提出说明的对象。2结构清晰。把握语篇特征对理解文意与答题极为有利。说明文的写作一般按时间顺序(指先后顺序)，空间顺序(从局部到整体，从上到下，从内到外)，逻辑顺序(前因后果，先果后因，先主后次)；认识顺序(由此及彼，由浅入深，由具体到抽象，由现象到本质)。说明文型完形填空短文层次清晰，整体性强，所以，递进性词汇和名词的设题往往出现得较多。,专题四专题导读,说明文往往较直白，写作脉络清晰，又没有很多感情因素的掺入，所以就不会有过多的情感词汇，自然不会有钻不出的“迷宫”。据此特点，我们便可以跟着“作者”走，理清整篇文章的思路，从而顺利答题。,专题四真题再现,2010安徽改编Mostpeoplegivelittlethoughttothepenstheywritewith,especiallysincetheprintersinmodernhomesandofficesmeanthatveryfewthingsarehandwritten.Alltoooften,peoplebuyapenbasedonlyon_1_andwonderwhytheyarenotsatisfiedoncetheybegintouseit.However,buyingapenthatyoullenjoyisnot_2_ifyoukeepthefollowinginmind.,专题四真题再现,Firstofall,apenshouldfitcomfortablyinyourhandandbe_3_touse.Thethicknessofthepenisthemostimportantcharacteristic(特征)_4_comfort.Havingasmallhandandthickfingers,youmaybecomfortablewithathinpen.Ifyouhavealargerhandandthickerfingers,youmay_5_afatterpen.Thelengthofapencanalsoinfluencecomfort.Apenthatistoo_6_caneasilyfeeltopheavyandunstable.,专题四真题再现,Then,thewritingpointofthepenshould_7_theinktoflowevenly(均匀地)whilethepenremainsintouchwiththepaper.Thiswillmakeitpossibleforyoutocreatea_8_lineofwriting.Thepointshouldalsobesensitiveenoughtopreventinkfromrunningwhenthepenislifted.Apointthatdoesnotblockthe_9_mayleavedropsofinks,asyoupickupandputitdownagain.,专题四真题再现,_10_，thepenshouldmakeathick，darkline.Finelinepensmay_11_badhandwriting,butfine,delicatelinesdonotcommand_12_nexttoprintedtext,as,forexample,asignatureonaprintedletter.Abroaderline,ontheotherhand,givesanimpressionofconfidenceandauthority(权威)()1.A.looksBreasonsCvaluesDadvantages()2.A.convenientBpracticalCstrangeDdifficult,专题四真题再现,()3.A.heavyBeasyChardDsafe()4.A.talkingBfindingCdeterminingDseeking()5.A.preferBrecommendCprepareDdemand()6.A.thickBlightClongDsoft()7.A.changeBallowCreduceDpress,专题四真题再现,()8.A.thinBroughCblackDsmooth()9.A.wayBsightCflowDsteam()10.A.MeanwhileBGenerallyCAfterwardsDFinally()11.A.showupBdifferfromCbreakdownDcompensatefor()12.A.attentionBsupportCrespectDadmission,专题四真题再现,【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。作者向我们介绍了什么形状的钢笔让我们使用起来感到舒服，笔尖的好坏对我们书写的影响以及线条的粗细和深浅所产生的影响。1A人们买钢笔时经常仅仅根据外表。looks外表、外貌。2D然而如果你遵循下面的方法的话，买一支你喜欢的钢笔并不难。由转折词However可知此处使用difficult符合句意。,专题四真题再现,3B拿在手中比较舒服的钢笔使用起来也比较容易。由fitcomfortably可知此处指钢笔好用。4C决定钢笔使用起来是否舒服的最重要的因素是钢笔的粗细。这里用动词determineing。5A由前后句意可知此处应该用prefer(更喜欢)。6C太长的钢笔会使人感到顶端太重以及不稳定。由前后句意可知此处强调太长钢笔的弊端。7B笔尖应该能够使墨水均匀地流出。allowsb.sth.todosth.准许某人物做某事。,专题四真题再现,8D由上句笔尖能够使墨水均匀地流出可知此处指：使写出流畅的字体成为可能。smooth流畅的、光滑的。9C不能阻止墨水流出的笔尖可能会留下一滴滴的墨水。block阻塞，堵塞。此题易误选A，blocktheway堵塞道路，不符合句意要求。10D由第二段句首的Firstofall和第三段句首的Then以及最后一段的内容可知此处应该用Finally，表示此段介绍钢笔的最后一个特点。11D细线条的钢笔可以弥补蹩脚的书写。compensatefor补偿，赔偿。12A,专题四专题预测,Dearteachersandstudents,todayIhaveimportantnewstoannouncethatourschoolwillholdaThanksgivingquizcompetitionthismonth.Nearly400yearsago,ourforefathersexploredthislandandlivedonitafterexperiencingunimaginablehardships.Becauseoftheirgreat_1_，lifegetsbetterandbetter.Itstheculturethatweshouldnever_2_.Therefore,tomaintainourforefatherstraditionandbringyou_3_beforetheThanksgivingholiday,ourschoolwillholdthiscompetition.,专题四专题预测,Thisyearthecompetitionisbasedonanadvancedwaytheonlinequiz,which_4_thatthecompetitioncanbeheldwithinflexibletime,withmorecontestantsandmorepleasure,butlesspressure.Next,pleaseallowmetogiveyousomedetailed_5_._6_weholdthiscompetitionbythemeansofmakinganonlinequiz,youcandothequizonourschoolsWebsiteanytimefromNovember23rdto30th.Thisonlinequizsystem_7_hundredsofyoutodothecompetitionwhenyouhavetime.Itllsaveyououtofthe_8_betweenyouracademicworkandthecompetition.,专题四专题预测,ThisonlineThanksgivingquizcompetitionwill_9_yourknowledgefromvariousaspects.YoullbetestedonThanksgivingshistory,custom,etc.Besides,everycontestantwillgettherandomized(随机的)questionstoavoidcheating.Finally,thisisacompetitionwithcoolprizesfortop50winners.Asforthescore,youcanknowit_10_.Becauseitsaselfgradingquiz,youcanseeyourscoreonceyoufinishthetesting.Themoreamazingpointisthattheresultscanberankedbythescoresandtop50winnerscanbe_11_shortly.Itisquite_12_，isntit?Theexactnamelistofthewinnerswillbedeclaredonthewebsitesoonafterthecompetition.,专题四专题预测,Dearstudents,welcometothecompetitionbasedontheonlineThanksgivingquiz.Wishyougoodluck!()1.A.ambitionsBeffortsCpreparationsDcongratulations()2.A.abuseBdestroyCdiscriminateDforget()3.A.pleasureBknowledgeCpromotionDhope()4.A.demandsBindicatesCmeansDagrees,专题四专题预测,()5.A.analysisBinstructionCsuggestionDregulation()6.A.ThoughBWhenCAfterDBecause()7.A.allowsBadvisesCpromisesDrequires()8.A.disorderBdifferenceCdilemmaDdistribution()9.A.useBcheckCenrichDprove,专题四专题预测,()10.A.suddenlyBgraduallyCquicklyDimmediately()11.A.pickedupBfiguredoutCbroughtupDdependedon()12.A.beneficialBeffectiveCefficientDinteresting,专题四专题预测,【文章大意】本文主要介绍了感恩节测试竞赛的举办原因、举办方式(网上竞赛模式)及竞赛结果的胜者确定等。1B根据上一句中的“experiencingunimaginablehardships”可判断此处指先辈们的努力使我们的生活越来越好。故选B。2D根据上文“ourschoolwillholdaThanksgivingquizcompetitionthismonth”可知，我们举行感恩节测试竞赛就是为了纪念感恩节，即没有忘记感恩节。由此判断选D。,专题四专题预测,3A根据下文“thecompetitioncanbeheldwithinflexibletime,withmorecontestantsandmorepleasure”的提示可判断选A。4C由语境可知，“which_4_thatthecompetitioncanbeheldwithinflexibletime,withmorecontestantsandmorepleasure,butlesspressure”是对“theonlinequiz”的解释，故用means(意思是)。5B根据下文是对此次感恩节测试竞赛的各事项的解释说明，故选B。,专题四专题预测,6D根据前后的因果关系可判断选D。7A网上测试系统准许成百的你们参与比赛，只要你们有时间。由此判断选A。8C传统的比赛方式给师生造成了想参加比赛又怕影响学习的这种进退两难的选择，而网上竞赛方式避免了这种窘境，故选C。9B比赛自然是从各方面检测学生对感恩节的了解，故选B。10D由“youcanseeyourscoreonceyoufinishthetestin