西方建筑简介PPT

WesternArchitecture,Outlines:,AncientGreekAndRomanArchitectureGothicArchitectureRenaissanceArchitectureBaroqueArchitectureModernArchitecture,AncientGreekAndRomanArchitecture,InthetimeoftheGreeks,religiousmysteryskippedtheconfinesofthetemple-palacecompoundsandwasthesubjectofthepeopleGreekciviclifewassustainedbynew,openspacescalledtheagorawhichweresurroundedbypublicbuildings,storesandtemplesThearchitecturalstylethathasshapedWesternarchitectureeversinceancientGreece.Characterizedbyarchitecturalelementssuchascolumnsandorders,Parthenontemple,TempleofConcordia,RomanArchitecture,TheRomanswereverypracticalpeopleandweremoreinterestedinlaw,governmentandengineeringthanartTheywerecleverarchitectsandcityplannersandwestillbenefitfromtheircontributionsTheRomansfiguredouthowtomakeconcretewhichisamixtureofsand,mineralsandsmallpebbles,ThePantheon,TriumphalArch,ClassicalArchitecture,ThesearethebasicpartsofaGreekorRomanbuilding:,Cornice,Pediment,Frieze,Columns,GothicArchitecture,GothicarchitecturebeganmainlyinFrance,wherearchitectswereinspiredbyRomanesquearchitectureandthepointedarchesofSpanishMoorisharchitectureItseasytorecognizeGothicbuildingsbecauseoftheirarches,ribbedvaulting,flyingbuttresses,elaboratesculpturesandstainedglasswindowsTheymarkeditas“Gothic”tosuggestitwasthecrudeworkofGermanbarbarians,PointedArch(尖肋拱顶),FlyingButtress(飞扶壁),StainedGlass(花窗玻璃),Beam-Column(束柱),St.PatricksCathedral,NotreDamedeParis,RenaissanceArchitecture,DuringtheRenaissance,architectswereinspiredbythesymmetricalandwell-balancedbuildingsofGreeceandRomeFlatroofs,cofferedceilings,RomanarchesandcapitalsReflectedthereturnofinterestinthegreatmonumentsofantiquity,ChurchofSantaCroce,Louvre,InteriorofAmiens,InteriorofPantheon,BaroqueArchitecture,ElementsoftheBaroquearchitecturearecomplicateddecorations,paintingsandcontrastsbetweenlightandshadowInItaly,whereitstarted,thestyleisreflectedindramaticchurcheswithirregularshapes,hugedomesandextravagantornamentationInFranceishighlydecoratedcombinedwithclassicalfeatures.Sacredbuildingsandchateauxweretypicalforthisstyle,TreviFountain,PalaceofVersailles,SaintPetersBasilica,ModernArchitecture,Modernarchitectureisatermgiventoanumberofbuildingstyleswithsimilarcharacteristics,primarilythesimplificationofformandtheeliminationofornament,thatfirstarosearound1900.Bythe1940sthesestyleshadbeenconsolidatedandidentifiedastheInternationalStyleandbecamethedominantarchitecturalstyle,particularlyforinstitutionalandcorporatebuilding,forseveraldecadesinthetwentiethcentury.Theexactcharacteristicsandoriginsofmodernarchitecturearestillopentointerpretationanddebate,Somestylesofmodernism,FunctionalismExpressionistArchitectureGoogieArchitecturePostmodernArchitectureCriticalRegionalismInternationalstyle,Functionalism,Inarchitecture,istheprinciplethatarchitectsshoulddesignabuildingbasedonthepurposeofthatbuildingThisstatementislessself-evidentthanitfirstappears,andisamatterofconfusionandcontroversywithintheprofession,particularlyinregardtomodernarchitecture,ThetoweroftheHelsinkiOlympicStadium,Auditorium,AarhusUniversity,ExpressionistArchitecture,ExpressionistarchitecturewasanarchitecturalmovementthatdevelopedinNorthernEuropeduringthefirstdecadesofthe20thcenturyinparallelwiththeexpressionistvisualandperformingarts.Thestylewascharacterizedbyanearly-modernistadoptionofnovelmaterials,formalinnovation,andveryunusualmassing,sometimesinspiredbynaturalbiomorphicforms,sometimesbythenewtechnicalpossibilitiesofferedbythemassproductionofbrick,steelandespeciallyglassManyexpressionistarchitectsfoughtinWorldWarIandtheirexperiences,combinedwiththepoliticalturmoilandsocialupheavalthatfollowedtheGermanRevolutionof1919,resultedinautopianoutlookandaromanticsocialistagenda,EinsteinTowerinPotsdam-Berlin,HetschipHousingEstateinAmsterdam,GoogieArchitecture,Googiearchitectureisasubdivisionofexpressionist,orfuturistarchitectureinfluencedbycarculturetheSpaceAge,originatingfromsouthernCaliforniainthelate1940sandcontinuingapproximatelyintothemid-1960sWithupsweptroofsand,often,curvaceous,geometricshapes,andbolduseofglass,steelandneon,itdecoratedmanyamotel,coffeehouseandbowlingalleyinthe1950sand1960sItepitomizesthespiritagenerationdemanded,lookingexcitedlytowardsabright,technologicalandfuturisticage,TheSeattleSpaceNeedle,Kyotostation,PostmodernArchitecture,Postmodernarchitectureisaninternationalstylewhosefirstexamplesaregenerallycitedasbeingfromthe1950s,andwhichcontinuestoinfluencepresent-dayarchitectureAswithmanyculturalmovements,someofpostmodernismsmostpronouncedandvisibleideascanbeseeninarchitectureThefunctionalandformalizedshapesandspacesofthemodernistmovementarereplacedbyunapologeticallydiverseaesthetics:stylescollide,formisadoptedforitsownsake,andnewwaysofviewingfamiliarstylesandspaceabound,1000deLaGauchetire,bankofAmericacenter,CriticalRegionalism,CriticalregionalismisanapproachtoarchitecturethatstrivestocountertheplacelessnessandlackofmeaninginModernArchitecturebyusingcontextualforcestogiveasenseofplaceandmeaningThetermcriticalregionalismwasfirstusedbyAlexanderTzonisandLianeLefaivreandlatermorefamouslybyKennethFrampton,TheSydneyOperaHouse,SaynatsaloTownHall,Internationalstyle,wasamajorarchitecturalstylethatemergedinthe1920sand1930s,theformativedecadesofModernistarchitectureThetermhaditsoriginfromthenameofabookbyHenry-RussellHitchcockandPhilipJohnsonwrittentorecordtheInte