《句型转换---中考英语解题方法与技巧.ppt

句型转换,龙首坝中学孙镇,江苏省中小学英语教学,“句型转换”题主要有两大类：一是基本句式的转换；二是同义句的转换。基本句式的转换主要是指“肯定句、否定句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、反意疑问句和选择疑问句、祈使句、感叹句”的转换。,江苏省中小学英语教学,一、肯定句、否定句和一般疑问句的转换这三种句型的转换有共同的规律可循，有几个要点必须牢记。我们可以把各种句式归为两大类：1、含有be动词、助动词和情态动词的句子；2、只有行为动词的句子。第1类句子，肯定句改为否定句时，一律在be动词、助动词和情态动词后加“not”。改为一般疑问句时，一律将be动词、助动词和情态动前移到句首（首字母大写）。肯定回答用“Yes”；否定回答用“No”。“Yes”或“No”后面的主语必须用代词，“No”后面必须用否定缩略式。,江苏省中小学英语教学,将下列句子改为否定句、一般疑问句，并做肯定、否定回答。1Therearesomecomputersinthisschool（be动词）TherearentanycomputersinthisschoolArethereanycomputersinthisschool？（Yes，thereareNo，therearent）2LiMingsfathercandriveacar（情态动词）LiMingsfathercantdriveacarCanLiMingsfatherdriveacar？（Yes，hecanNo，hecant）3Shehasalreadyfinishedherhomeworknow（助动词）ShehasntfinishedherhomeworkyetHasshefinishedherhomeworkyet？（Yes，shehasNo，shehasnt）,江苏省中小学英语教学,第2类句子必须借助助动词do；does；did。改为否定句，在行为动词前加dont（一般现在时态，主语是除第三人称单数之外的人称和数时）；doesnt（一般现在时态，主语是第三人称单数时）；didnt（一般过去时态）。改为一般疑问句时，在句首加Do；Does或Did。肯定回答用“Yes”，后面动词用do；does或did”；否定回答用“No”，后面动词用dont；doesnt；didnt。,江苏省中小学英语教学,将下列句子改为否定句、一般疑问句，并做肯定、否定回答。1ThechildrenlikeplayinggamesThechildrendontlikeplayinggamesDothechildrenlikeplayinggames？（Yes，theydoNo，theydont）2MaryusuallygoestoschoolonfootMarydoesntusuallygotoschoolonfoot（原第三人称单数改为原形）DoesMaryusuallygotoschoolonfoot？（Yes，shedoesNo，shedoesnt）3TomwenttoLondonyesterdayTomdidntgotoLondonyesterday（原过去式改为原形）DidTomgotoLondonyesterday？（Yes，hedidNo，hedidnt）,江苏省中小学英语教学,二、特殊疑问句的转换把句子转换为特殊疑问句，首先要确定划线部分的“疑问词”，人、物、时间、地点、原因、数量等分别用：who；whom；whose；what；when；where；why；how；howmany；howmuch；howoften；howold；howlong等。将相对应的疑问词放在句首，其余部分改为一般疑问句的形式，就是特殊疑问句。改完后要注意检查句首的首字母大写和句尾的标点符号。,江苏省中小学英语教学,1Mylicencenumberis573968Whatsyourlicencenumber？2MikewatchesTVeveryeveningWhatdoesMikedoeveryevening？3JimstudiedinChinalastyearWheredidJimstudylastyear？,江苏省中小学英语教学,三、选择疑问句和反意疑问句的转换改为选择疑问句时，只需注意根据句子的内容用“or”连接两个并列的成分就可以了。如：LucyisastudentLilyisadoctor改为：Whoisadoctor，LucyorLily？,江苏省中小学英语教学,反意疑问句的结构是“陈述句简短问句”，我们必须记住：“前面肯定；后面否定”和“前面否定；后面肯定”的规律和简短问句的主语必须用代词的要求。如：Tomlikesplayingfootball，doesnthe？XiaoHongdidntlikesinging，didshe？注意：祈使句的反意疑问句，一般都用willyou？以Lets开头的一般用shallwe？,江苏省中小学英语教学,四、祈使句和感叹句的转换改为祈使句，必须记住：肯定的祈使句，是原形动词开头，否定的祈使句是“Dont”开头，后跟原形动词。（主语是I或we时，句子开头用letme或lets）。如：1Youshouldrememberhistelephonenumber改为：Rememberhistelephonenumber，please2Youdbetternottellhimthebadnews改为：Donttellhimthebadnews3Wecangotheretogether改为：Letsgotheretogether,江苏省中小学英语教学,改为感叹句，必须记住，强调的是名词，句首用What，What后的名词前可以有形容词；强调的是形容词或副词，句首用How，后面必须紧跟形容词或副词。如：Theparkisbeautiful改为：Whatabeautifulpark！或：Howbeautifultheparkis！HestudiesEnglishveryhard改为：HowhardhestudiesEnglish！,经典例题1Ithinkteachersarequitebusy(否定)Iteachersquitebusy填dontthink；are。当主句为Ithink，否定其从句的含义时，在形式上要否定主句的谓语动词。2Englishisveryuseful.usefulsubjectEnglishis！填Whata。感叹词what修饰可数名词单数时，该名词（或名词前的形容词）前要加a或an。,3Alicedoesherhomeworkatseven.(否定)Aliceherhomeworkatseven填doesntdo。do是原句does的原形，有的同学很容易漏掉。4Dontforgettoclosethedoor，pleaseDontforgettoclosethedoor，？填willyou。祈使句的反意疑问句，简略问句部分用willyou,5Thewomanisanurse(复数)Theyareall填womennurses。变复数句时，作前置修饰语的名词一般不改为复数形式，但man，woman例外。6Comeon，or（否则）wellmiss（错过）theearlybuswehurry，wellmisstheearlybus填If，dont。将“祈使句or简单句”结构转换为含if条件状语从句的复合句时，从句中的谓语须用其否定形式。,7Workhard，andyoulllearnwellIf，youlllearnwell填youworkhard。“祈使句and简单句”结构转换为含if条件状语从句的复合句时，从句谓语用肯定形式。,练习：一、句型转换：1Shehasnobrotherorsister(改为肯定句)Shehasbrotherasister2Youdbetternotaskyourteacher（改为否定祈使句）yourteacher，please3Yourdormitory（宿舍）isverybrightyourdormitoryis！4Themeatisdeliciousdeliciousmeatitis！,aand,Dontask,Howbright,What,5Mybrotherhaslunchattheschooleverydayyourbrotherlunchattheschooleveryday？6WearegoingtolearnFrenchnextyearyoutolearnFrenchnextyear？7MrHutaughthermathslastyearMrHuhermathslastyear？,Doeshave,Areyou,Didteach,二、陈述句与特殊疑问句的转换（即：对划线部分提问）8Attheageoffive，Martinweighed（重）25kilosdidMartinweighattheageoffive？9Thehospitalisabout300metersawayisthehospital？10BillmetthetwinslastnightdidBillthetwins？,Howmuch,Howfar,Whenmeet,11Thisbookisfifteenyuanisthisbook？12Iread30pagesofthestoryyesterdaypagesofthestorydidyoureadyesterday？13LinTaoputtheradioonthedeskLinTaoputtheradio？14Itsverywetandcoldtodayistheweathertoday？,Howmuch,Howmany,Wheredid,Whatlike,15Wearegoingtostudyinanewschoolintwomonthsareyougoingtostudyinanewschool？16Hespent（花费）awhole（整个）morningcleaningtheroomdidhespendcleaningtheroom？17WeiHuastayedinbedyesterdaybecauseshewasillWeiHuastayinbedyesterday？,Howsoon,Whydid,Howlong,答案与解析,供教师参考:1填a；and。改为肯定句时，原句中的or应变为and。2填Dontask。否定祈使句就是在动词原形前加上Dont。3填Howbright。是“Howadjadv主语谓语！”结构。4填What。修饰不可数名词meat。5填Does；have。原句中的has须恢复成have。6填Are；going。7填Did；teach。8Howmuch。询问重量；9Howfar。询问距离；10Whenmeet。询问时间；11Howmuch。询问价格；12Howmany。询问可数名词的数量；13Wheredid。询问地点，put的过去式是put。14Whatlike。询问天气状况；15Howsoon。对表示将来的时间状语提问；16Howlong。对“时间段”提问；17Whydid。对原因状语从句提问,三、比较等级之间的同义转换1JanejumpsfartherthananyoftheothergirlsJanejumpsallthegirls2ShestudiesmorecarefullythananyotherstudentinherclassShestudiesinherclass,farthestof,mostcarefully,四、其他类型的转换3Beforetalking，hetoldmehisnameandItoldhimmynameWebeforetalking4TheforeignerswanttoknowhowtheycanlearnChinesekungfuwellTheforeignerswanttoknow_learnChinesekungfuwell,toldeachothersnames,howto,5TomhadnotimeforbreakfastHewenttoschoolinahurryTomtoschoolbreakfast6Whenhesawmeinthestreet，hewassurprised（惊奇）Hewassurprisedmeinthestreet7Wheredoeshelive？Idontknow（合为一句）Idontknow,hurriedwithout,tosee,wherehelives,8MaryvisitedthenewschoolMaryvisitedthenewschool，？9Therearesomesheeponthehill(单数）Thereonthehill,Didntshe,isasheep,答案与解析,供教师参考:1far