2013高考英语阅读理解专题--推理判断题

,ReadingComprehension-InferenceQuestions,阅读理解专题-推理判断题,阅读推理判断题,推断题分类,1.Questionforms:Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat.Fromthetextweknowthatismostlikely.Whenthewritertalksabout,whatthewriterreallymeansis.Thewritersuggeststhat.Thestoryimpliesthat.Wecaninferconcludefromthepassagethat.这类题干中通常含有infer,suggest,imply,conclude等标志性词语。,一、如何推断隐含意义,要求考生根据文章的某个句子、段落或全文所提供的事实进行逻辑推理，推断出作者没有提到的或者没有明说的事实或者可能发生的事实。旨在考查考生透过词语的字面意义去理解作者的言外之意或弦外之音的能力。解答这类题时，首先通过寻读找到相关信息点；然后研读，理解相关信息点的字面意义；结合语境和常识，在字面意义的基础上进行符合逻辑的推断，从而理解作者的言外之意。,推测隐含意义,选择答案时，注意排除以下干扰项，以便缩小选择范围：(1)原文信息的简单重复，而非推断出来的结论。(考生易误选)(2)推理过度的片面结论。(3)与文中内容不符或完全相反的结论等。(4)符合考生已有常识，但文章中没有信息支持。(考生易误选),2.技巧点拨1).全面分析2).忠实原文3).不要选择表层信息,ItwasavillageinIndia.Thepeoplewerepoor.However,theywerenotunhappy.Afterall,theirforefathershadlivedinthesamewayforcenturies.Thenoneday,somevisitorsfromthecityarrived.(1分钟)FromParagragh1welearnthatthevillagers_.A.workedveryhardforcenturiesB.dreamedofhavingabetterlifeC.werepoorbutsomewhatcontentD.livedadifferentlifefromtheirforefathers,3.Practice:,1,(passage1),SeveraldifferentbisonspecieshavelivedontheNorthAmericancontinentsincetheIceAge;todayonlytwoexist.Thewoodbisonisthelargerofthetwo,andisnowfoundmostlyinwesternCanada.BetterknownintheUnitedStatesisthePlainsbison,orbuffalo.Atonetime,herdsoftheseanimalscouldbesighedalmosteverywherefromtheAppalachianMountainsintheEasttotheRockyMountainsintheWest.Theauthorimpliesthatseveraltypesofbison_.A.liveoutsidetheUnitedStatedandCanadaB.arewelladaptedtoswampyterrainC.existedbeforetheIceAgeD.havebeenkilledorhavediedout,2,P2,二、如何推断作者观点和态度：,说明文中作者的态度:objectiveneutral（中立的）；在议论文中，有：(1)positive(2)negative(3)neutral(4)approval(5)disapproval(6)indifferent(7)sarcastic（讽刺的）(8)critical(9)optimistic(10)pessimistic,客观的,消极的,漠不关心的,不赞成的,乐观的,悲观的,赞同的,批判的,1.Questionforms:Thewritersattitudetowardis_.Thewriterthoughtthat_.Accordingtotheauthor，_.,2.技巧点拨注意作者表达感情色彩的形容词、副词、动词及所举的例子，才能推断出作者的弦外之音。,（1）可能是自己的观点或看法（2）社会的一种普遍倾向（3）与本文无关（4）与作者相反的观点或看法,选择答案时，注意排除以下干扰项，以便缩小选择范围：,Passage3.（江西卷）Justascryingcanbehealthy,notcryingholdingbacktearsofanger,painorsufferingcanbebadforphysicalhealth.Studieshaveshownthattoomuchcontrolofemotionscanleadtohighbloodpressure,heartproblemsandsomeotherillnesses.Ifyouhaveahealthproblem,doctorswillcertainlynotaskyoutocry.Butwhenyoufeellikecrying,dontfightit.Itsanaturalandhealthyemotionalresponse(反应).（2分钟）Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?A.Cryingisthebestwaytogethelpfromothers.B.Fightingbacktearsmaycausesomehealthproblems.C.Wewillneverknowourdeepfeelingsunlesswecry.D.Wemustcryifwewanttoreducepressure.,3,Passage4.Aroundtheworldmoreandmorepeoplearetakingpartindangeroussportsandactivities.Ofcourse,therehavealwaysbeenpeoplewhohavelookedforadventure-thosewhohaveclimbedthehighestmountains,traveledintounknownpartsoftheworldorsailedinsmallboatsacrossthegreatestoceans.Now,however,therearepeoplewholookforanimmediateexcitementfromariskyactivity,whichmayonlylastafewminutesorevenseconds.,4,Whydopeopletakepartinsuchactivitiesasthese?Somepsychologistssuggestthatitisbecauselifeinmodernsocietieshasbecomesafeandboring.Notverylongago,peoplesliveswereconstantlyindanger.Theyhadtogooutandhuntforfood,diseasescouldnoteasilybecuredandlifewasacontinuousbattleforsurvival.Nowadays,accordingtomanypeople,lifeofferslittleexcitement.Theyliveandworkincomparativelysafeconditions;theybuyfoodinshops;andtherearedoctorsandhospitalstolookafterthemiftheybecomeill.Theanswerforsomeofthesepeopleistolookfordangerinactivitiessuchasbungeejumping.（3分钟）Thewriterofthetexthasa_attitudetowardsdangeroussports.A.positiveB.negativeC.neutralD.nervous,三、如何推断写作目的,1.Questionforms:(1)考查整篇文章的写作目的A.Thewriterspurposeofwritingthispassageisto_.B.Whatisthepurposeofwritingthisarticle?C.Inwritingthepassage,theauthorintendsto_.,(2)考查某处细节的写作意图A.Thewriterusestheexampleoftoshowthat_.B.Thewriterusesthetwoquestionsatthebeginningofthepassageto_.C.arementionedinthefirstparagraphto_.,2.常见的写作目的归纳不同的文章可能有不同的写作目的,但写作目的通常有以下三种：(1)toentertainreaders（让人发笑）(2)topersuadereaders(3)toinformreaders（告知读者）,常见于故事类的文章。tomakepeoplelaugh;totellaninterestingexperience,常见于广告类的文章。tosellaproductoraservice;toattractmorevisitors/readers/audience,多见于科普类新闻报道类文化类或社会类的文章.,3.技巧点拨(1)根据文体类别推断写作目的(2)从写作手法来推断写作目的,Passage5.“Haveyoueverbeenoutonaboatandfeltitliftedupbyawave?Orhaveyoujumpedinthewaterandfelttherushofenergyaswavescameoveryou?”askedJamieTayloroftheWaveEnergyGroupattheUniversityofEdinburgh.“Thereiscertainlyalotofenergyinwaves,”hesaid.（1.5分钟）Thewriterusesthetwoquestionsatthebeginningofthepassageto_.A.testthereadersknowledgeaboutwavesB.drawthereadersattentiontothetopicC.showJamieTaylorsimportanceD.invitethereaderstoanswerthem,5,Passage6【2012重庆卷B篇】Toplistsarelecturingpeopleoneverythingfrom100bookstoread.Arentyoujusttiredofbeingtoldwhattodowithyourtime?Nowyouhavealisttoendalllists!Takealookatthefollowingtwoexamplesfromthelistof101thingsnottodo:GotoSeetheMonaLisa?Theremustbesomethingaboutthemysterious(神秘的)smileSo,stilllongtoseetheMonaLisa?Ifyouwanttofindoutmoreaboutthelist,read101TingsNOTtoDoBeforeYouDie.Visitwww.not2dobeforeidie.co.ukandbuythebookata20discount.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.ToadvertiseabookB.TointroduceawebsiteC.TocommentonpopularlistsD.Torecommendtouristactivities.,6,Passage7【2012全国II卷D篇】ADDISABABA,Ethiopia-Oneoftheworldsmostfamousfossils(化石)-the3.2million-year-oldLucyskeleton(骨骼)unearthedinEthiopiain1974-willgoonanexhibitiontourabroadforthefirsttimeintheUnitedStates,officialssaidTuesday.EventheEthiopianpublichasonlyseenLucytwice.TheLucyonexhibitionattheEthiopianNationalMuseuminthecapitalAteamfromtheMuseumofNationalServiceintoU.S.tour.TexasspentfouryearsdisscusingwiththeEthiopiansfortheU.S.tour,whichwillstartinHoustonnextSeptember.Theauthorwritesthistextmainlyto_.A.introduceafewU.S.museumsB.describesomeresearchworkC.discussthevalueofanape-manD.reportacomingevent,新闻报道写作目的通常用report,1.Questionforms:Thepassageismostlikelytobetakenfrom_.Wherewouldthispassagemostprobablyappear?Thepassageismostlikelyapartof_.,四、如何推断文章出处,2.解题技巧这类问题应从文章的内容或结构来判断其出处：(1)newspaper(2)advertisement(3)thedirectionoftheproducts(4)Textbook(5)magazine,（1）报纸：前面会出现日期，地点，或通讯社名称（2）广告格式特殊，容易辨认（3）产品说明器皿、设备的使用说明会有产品名称或操作方式，而药品的服用说明会告知服用时间，次数，药量等,Passage8（全国卷）Doyoualwaysunderstandthedirectionsonabottleofmedicine?Doyouknowwhatismeantby“Takeonlyasdirected?”Readthefollowingdirectionsandseeifyouunderstandthem.Toreducepain,taketwotabletswithwater,followedbyonetableteveryeighthours,asrequired.Fornight-timeandearlymorningrelieftaketwotabletsatbedtime.Donottakemorethansixtabletsintwenty-fourhours.Forchildrensixtotwelveyearsold,givehalftheamount.Forchildrenundersixyearsold,askyourdoctorsadvice.Reducetheamountifyousufferfromrestlessnessorsleeplessnessaftertakingthemedicine.Thistextismostprobablytakenfroma_.（2分钟）A.textbookB.newsreelC.doctorsnotebookD.bottleofmedicine,7,Passage9【2012北京卷A篇】TheBasicsofMathMadeClearBasicMathintroducesstudentstothebasicconceptsofmathematics,aswellas.BasicMathstartsfromtherelativelyeasierconceptsandgraduallymovesontothemoretroublesomeones,soastoallowforsteadyandsureunderstandingofthematerialbystudents.Thelecturesofferstudentsthechanceto“makesense”ofmathematicalknowledge.Bytheconclusionofthecourse,studentswillhaveimprovedtheirunderstandingofbasicmath.Theywillbeabletoclearawaythemystery(神秘性)ofmathematicsand.WithaPhDinMathematicsEducationfromGeorgiaStateUniversity,Dr.SiegelteachesmathematicsatCentralArizonaCollege.Hiscoursesincludevariousmake-upclassesandanumberoflecturesforfutureprimaryschoolteachers.Ifthecoursefailstoprovidecompletesatisfactiontoyou,youcaneasilyexchangeitforanyothercoursethatweoffer.Oryoucangetyourmoneyback.Whereisthepassagemostlikelytohavebeentakenfrom?A.Anewsreport.B.AbookreviewC.Alessonplan.D.Anadvertisement,2.解题技巧推测下文的内容：根据作者的思路进行推理必须特别最后的两三句话推测上文的内容：关注第一段，特别是文段开始的几句话。,五推断上下文内容,Questionforms:Thenextparagraphwouldmostprobablydealwith_Theparagraphprecedingthisonewouldmostlikelydiscuss_.,Passage10Whenearlyhumanshuntedandgatheredfood,theywerenotincontrolo