2011届高考英语二轮专题复习课件(浙江专用)：第11讲 非谓语动词

第讲非谓语动词,例Theexperimentshowsthatproperamountsofexercise,if_regularly,canimproveourhealth.(2010浙江卷)A.beingcarriedoutB.carryingoutC.carriedoutD.tocarryout,C,解析考查if条件句的省略。本句的主语是theexperiment；谓语动词是shows;that引导宾语从句，宾语从句的主干是：properamountsofexercisecanimproveourhealth,if_regularly是插入的条件从句，从句的主语是properamountsofexercise，此时应用it代替前面提到的主语，条件句的主语与主句的主语一致，并且含有is，故省略了itis，完整形式是：ifitiscarriedout。句意为：这项实验表明，适当的运动，如果有规律地进行，能够有助于我们的身体健康。,例Thetrafficrulesaysyoungchildrenundertheageoffourand_lessthan40poundsmustbeinachildsafetyseat.(2010浙江卷)A.beingweighedB.toweighC.weighedD.weighing,解析根据句子结构：主语：thetrafficrule；谓语动词：says；其后部分为宾语从句。动词weigh与名词children是主动关系，所以选择weighing。句意：交通法则规定4岁以下并且体重不超过40磅的婴儿必须坐在婴儿安全座上。,D,例_thecitycentre,wesawastonestatueofabout10metresinheight.(2010上海卷)A.ApproachingB.ApproachedC.ToapproachD.Tobeapproached,解析考查现在分词作状语，表示正在进行或主动的动作。此时分词的逻辑主语就是主句的主语，因此要注意人称、时态和语态的一致性。,A,例Lucyhasagreatsenseofhumourandalwayskeepshercolleagues_withherstories.(2010上海卷)A.amusedB.amusingC.toamuseD.tobeamused,解析考查“keep+sb./sth.+宾补”这个结构，根据句意，hercolleagues与amused之间为被动关系。,A,例Ihadgreatdifficulty_thesuitablefoodonthemenuinthatrestaurant.(2010上海卷)A.findB.foundC.tofindD.finding,解析考查固定搭配：havedifficulty(in)doingsth.做某事有困难。,D,动词不定式和动名词都可作动词或介词的宾语。1动词不定式常见的带不定式作宾语的动词有：(利用口诀进行记忆，事实上，口诀内的动词后跟动词不定式，几乎都有将来意味，建议考生牢记。),作宾语,句型：(it=todosth.，形式宾语)consider,think,make,feel,find,know,regard,believe+it+宾补(adj./n.)+todosth.例：IfeelithardtostudyGe/become/grow/get等表示心理活动的过程，意为“渐渐地喜欢上/意识到/懂了/知道了”。例：IcametorealizethatIwaswrong.,作宾语,介词but/except后可跟动词不定式作宾语。注意：but前如果出现过do/does/did/done的任意一种形式，but后的to可以省略。例：Shedidnothingbutlieinbed.,作宾语,2.动名词(1)常见的以动名词作宾语的动词是“动词不定式口诀”以外的动词。如：finish,mind,enjoy,practise,risk,resist,delay,imagine,suggest,advise,excuse,prevent,keep,consider等。,作宾语,(2)句型：havedifficulty/trouble/problem/ahardtime/pleasure/agoodtime/funindoingsth.做某事有困难/很开心Thereisnoneed/harm/hurry/point+indoingsth.做某事没有必要/没有害处/不着急/没有意义consider/find/believe/regard/thinkitnouse/nogooddoingsth.认为做某事没有用/没有好处,作宾语,3介词后面若要跟动词，必须使用doing，如on,by,after,before等；常见带介词to的词组小结如下：(1)动词+toadaptto适应addictsb./oneselfto/beaddictedto沉迷于adjustto适应devoteto/bedevotedto致力于becloseto即将be/getusedto习惯于,作宾语,beaccustomedto习惯于beequalto能胜任getdownto着手于givewayto对让步giveriseto使发生subscribeto同意，赞同，订购giveonesmindto专心致志于lookforwardto期盼着,作宾语,objectto反对beopposedto反对referto指；参考turnto转行干，求助于payattentionto注意pointto指向turnattentionto把注意力转向sayyes/noto同意/不同意,作宾语,seeto注意处理，照料stickto坚持keepto坚持besentencedto被宣判为besubjectto经受berelatedto与有关leadto导致contributeto为作贡献；有利于；导致,作宾语,1.动词不定式动词+宾语+todosth.；宾语与todo为主动关系，常见的动词如下：like,hate,encourage,wish,warn,tell,want,desire,expect,get,permit,order,allow，invite,force,ask,cause,advise,request,prefer,beg,persuade,teach，lead等；,作宾补,感官动词+宾语+dosth.；宾语与do为主动关系，省略to；若感官动词在被动语态中，则to要还原。例：Shesawtheoldmancrosstheroad.Theoldmanwasseentocrosstheroad.,作宾补,使役动词let/make/have+宾语+dosth.；宾语与do为主动关系；如make在被动语态中，to要还原。例：Imademylittlebrothercry.Mylittlebrotherwasmadetocry.with+宾语+todo有要做。例：Withsomuchhomeworktodo,IwillnotbeabletorelaxmyselfonSunday.,作宾补,2现在分词keep/have/leave+宾语+doing;宾语与doing为主动关系，且持续进行。例：Sorrytohavekeptyouwaitingformeforsuchalongtime.感官动词/catch+宾语+doing；宾语与doing为主动关系，且正在进行。例：Thepolicemancaughtthethiefstealingmoney.,作宾补,get/send/set+宾语+doing；宾语与doing为主动关系，且动作由静止到运动并持续下去。例：FinallyIgotmycarrunning.with+宾语+doing；宾语与doing为主动关系，且正在进行。例：Ifeltwarmerwiththefireburning.,作宾补,3过去分词keep/have/leave/make+宾语+done(宾语与done之间为被动关系或表示状态关系)例：Nancywillhaveherhousepainted.感官动词+宾语+done(宾语与done之间为被动关系或表示状态关系)例：Shefoundasmallboyseatedatthebackoftheclassroom.,作宾补,want/order/ask/wish+宾语+(tobe)done(宾语与done之间为被动关系)例：Theteacherwantedthepaper(tobe)finishedinanhour.with+宾语+done(宾语与done之间为被动或状态关系)。例：Withtheirhousesruinedintheflood,theybecamehomeless.,作宾补,1.动词不定式(1)表目的，todo=inordertodo=soastodo(不能放在句首)例：Tomakehimselfheard,hespokeloud.(2)表原因，常放在表示某种情绪的形容词之后，如glad,happy,nice,sorry等。例：Imsosorrytohearthat.,作状语,(3)表结果so+adj./adv.+astodo或such+(a/an)+adj.+n+astodo，可以转化为sothat或suchthat引导的结果状语从句。例：Sheissokindastohelpme.=Sheissokindthatshehelpsme.Sheissuchakindgirlastohelpme.=Sheissuchakindgirlthatshehelpsme.,作状语,adj./adv.+enough(forsb.)todo例：Theboyisoldenoughtogotoschool.onlytodo表示出乎预料的结果，意为“结果却”。例：Shehurriedtoschoolonlytofindshewaslateagain.注意：onlytodo还有表示目的之意，意为“唯一的目的是；仅仅为了”。例：TheygotupveryearlyonlytohavealookatthesunriseonthetopofMountTai.,作状语,too+adj./adv.+todo太而不能例：Theproblemistoohardformetosolve.注意：too+adj./adv.+todo也可译为“因做而很/非常”例：Iamtoogladtoseeyou.见到你我太高兴了。,作状语,2.现在分词现在分词作状语，句子的主语应该与doing在逻辑上是主动关系，与谓语动词几乎同时发生。若动作先于谓语动词发生，则用完成式havingdone。,作状语,表示时间，可还原为含主动语态的时间状语从句。例：Crossingtheroad,theoldmanwasknockedoverbyacar.=Whentheoldmanwascrossingtheroad,hewasknockedoverbyacar.=Whencrossingtheroad,theoldmanwasknockedoverbyacar.,作状语,表示条件，可还原为主动语态的条件状语从句。例：Workinghard,youwillbeabletopasstheexam.=Ifyouworkhard,youwillbeabletopasstheexam.=Ifworkinghard,youwillbeabletopasstheexam.,作状语,表示让步，可还原为主动语态的让步状语从句。例：Havingmadeabigfortune,hestilllivesasimplelife.=Thoughhehasmadeabigfortune,hestilllivesasimplelife.=Thoughhavingmadeabigfortune,hestilllivesasimplelife.,作状语,表示原因，可还原为主动语态或系表结构的原因状语从句。例：Beingill,shehadtostayathomeinsteadofgoingtoschool.=Asshewasill,shehadtostayathomeinsteadofgoingtoschool.,作状语,表示结果，相当于which引导的非限制性定语从句，此时，which的意思是“这一点”或相当于and引导的并列句。例：Itsnowedheavily,causingtrafficproblems.=Itsnowedheavily,whichcausedtrafficproblems.=Itsnowedheavily,anditcausedtrafficproblems.,作状语,表示伴随状况或方式，相当于并列句，doing是与谓语动词同时发生的一个动作。例：Thefanscameintothehall,followingthepopstar.=Thefanscameintothehallandfollowedthepopstar.,作状语,3.过去分词过去分词短语在句中作状语，句子的主语与done之间在逻辑上是主动关系，大多数时候含有完成意味。表示时间，可还原为含被动语态的时间状语从句。例：Heatedtoahightemperature,waterwillchangeintovapour.=Whenthewaterisheatedtoahightemperature,waterwillchangeintovapour.,作状语,表示条件，可还原为含被动语态的条件状语从句。例：Givenmoretime,wecoulddoitmuchbetter.=Ifweweregivenmoretime,wecoulddoitmuchbetter.表示让步，可还原为含被动语态的让步状语从句。例：Defeatedinthewar,thesoldiersdidntloseheart.=Thoughthesoldiersweredefeatedinthewar,theydidntloseheart.,作状语,表示原因，可还原为含被动语态或系表结构的原因状语从句。例：Encouragedbytheprofessor,hekeptondoinghisresearchinAIDS.=Ashewasencouragedbytheprofessor,hekeptondoinghisresearchinAIDS.,作状语,表示伴随状况，可改为含被动语态的并列句或含有系表结构的并列句。Theboysatbythewindow,lostinthought.=Theboysatbythewindowandhewaslostinthought.,作状语,时间、条件、原因等状语从句的主语如果和主句的主语不相同，此时，从句的简化只能借助于独立主格结构。依据从句本身的主、被动关系，恰当使用todo短语，doing短语或done短语，并在这些短语前加上todo,doing,done的主语即逻辑主语，这种结构称为独立主格结构；独立主格结构可以充当时间、条件、原因、伴随等状语。,独立主格结构,Astherewasnobus,Ihadtowalkhome.Therebeingnobus,Ihadtowalkhome.Becausehermotherwasbadlyill,shehadtoaskherteacherforsomedaysoff.Hermotherbeingbadlyill,shehadtoaskherteacherforsomedaysoff.,独立主格结构,Henry,myuncle,issaid_anexperimentprovingthathisnewmethodworks.A.tobedoneB.tohavedoneC.doingD.havingbeingdoing,解析考查不定式作补语。besaid后加todo,故排除C、D;doanexperiment先于issaid发生