2011届英语二轮专题复习课件阅读理解历史地理类（湖南专用）

专题六历史地理类,专题六历史地理类,历史地理类文章一般涉及某个国家、地区、河流、山脉、海洋、城镇等的地理位置以及与之相关的社会生活、社会风情、政治经济、人文历史、自然资源、文化习俗、文化遗产等方面的情况，相当一部分文章还附有图表供理解或参考。,文章选材来源于英语国家的主要名胜或历史事件，历史年代；命题以细节题为主，有一定主观推断题；涉及一定的地理常识或历史知识。阅读史地类阅读文章时，要重点弄清楚各个地名、人名之间的相互关系和各个国家、地区或城镇之间的地理方位。如果文章或试题有附图或附表，一定要把附图或附表看懂、看明白。附图或附表的存在就是帮助我们更好地读懂和理解文章，辅助我们做好有关试题。,2010重庆改编SittingonthepeacefulcoastofGalapagosIslands，Ecuador，watchingthesunmovequietlyintothesea，youshouldntforgetthatCharlesDarwin(18091882)arrivedherein1835.Hestayedontheislandsforfiveweeks，observingvariousanimals.Thisfinallyinspired(启发)hisfamouswork，OntheOriginofSpecies.YoucancertainlyfollowDarwinsfootstepsandenjoyatripfromfourtosevendaystotheislands.,Theislandsarecertainlyaparadise(天堂)forwildlife，astherearenonaturalkillersontheislandsandthenumberofboatsandvisitorsisundergovernmentcontrol.ThoughyoucannotwalkfreelyasDarwindidabout200yearsago，eachdayisasimpressiveasitcouldbe.,ThemostwellknownanimaloftheGalapagosisthegianttortoise(巨型陆龟)，whichcanbeseenmovingslowlyaroundthehighlandsofSantaCruz，thesecondlargestislandinthearchipelago(群岛)SomeofthesecreaturesaresooldthattheymighthavebeenseenintheiryouthbyDarwinhimself.,Despitestrictcontroloveractivitiesandtiming，yourstayontheGalapagoswillberememberedasachainofincomparablepictures：divingwithsealionsthatswimandplaywithininchesofyou；feelingsmallsharkstouchyourfeetasyouswim；and，mostmagically，seeingawhaleandherbabysurfacewithagreatbreathofair.,TravelingbetweentheislandsandobservingthewildlifethatsoinspiredDarwin，youwillfeelasthoughyouaregettingaspecialviewofanuntouchedworld.Atnightyouwillsleeponboardtheship，leavingthewildlifeincompleteoccupationoftheislands，whichareasundisturbednowastheyhavebeensincethebeginningoftime.,()1.WhatdoweknowaboutDarwinsvisittotheislands?A.Hestudieddifferentcreaturesontheislands.B.Hecompletedhisfamousbookontheislands.C.Hewastouchedbythegeographyoftheislands.D.Hewasattractedbywellknownanimalsoftheislands.,()2.Whichofthefollowingplaysaroleinmakingtheislands“aparadiseforwildlife”？A.Animalsontheislandsfeedongrass.B.Localgovernmentforbidskillingwildlife.C.Peoplecannotvisittheislandsastheywish.D.Touristsarenotallowedtotouchtheanimals.,()3.Yourstayontheislandswillbemostimpressivemainlybecauseof_.A.thebeautifulseaviewsB.DarwinsinspiringtripC.acloserviewofanimalsD.variousdaringactivities,()4.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.AUniqueAttractionforWildlifeLoversB.GalapagosasaParadiseforAdventurersC.CharlesDarwinasaSymbolofGalapagosD.ASuccessfulExampleofWildlifeProtection,()5.Theintendedreadersofthepassagearethosewho_.AwanttostudytheoriginofspeciesBarefondoftravelingaroundtheworldCareinterestedinstudyingwildlifeDwanttobeinspiredbynaturalbeauty,【文章大意】本文介绍了一个冒险家的乐园GalapagosIslands，达尔文曾在这儿受到启发写出了物种起源一书，同时，由于这儿保护得很好，直到现在依然是旅游的好去处。1.A细节理解题。由第一段“Hestayedontheislandsforfiveweeks,observingvariousanimals.”知道达尔文在岛上观察各种动物。2.C细节理解题。由第四段“Despitestrictcontroloveractivitiesandtiming”可知答案。,3.C推理判断题。从文章最后三段的描写中知道，在岛上能够给人印象深刻的就是和动物近距离的接触，例如：海里小鲨鱼的顽皮，海边海龟的悠闲等。4.A主旨大意题。纵观整篇文章，作者描写了岛屿的美丽风景，丰富的生物，较好的自然保护，故选A。5B推理判断题。综合全文再结合第一段“YoucancertainlyfollowDarwinsfootstepsandenjoyatripfromfourtosevendaystotheislands.”可知，全文旨在介绍一个旅游的好去处，由此可推断文章主要为那些爱好旅游者所写，故选B。,WinterweathermayhavecomelatetopartsoftheUnitedStatesthisyear,buttheMidwestandNortheastarefinallyfirminwintersicygrasp.Travel,InterruptedThefreezingcoldhascreateddangerousdrivingconditionsacrossthecountry.Icyroadshaveledtoatleast13deathsinsevenstates.Minnesotapolicereported290accidentsduringrushhouronTuesday.,Airtravelhasbeendisruptedaswell.Morethan140flightswerecanceledatOHareInternationalAirportinChicago,Illinois.Sometravelershadtocampoutinterminals(终点站)overnight.TedBushelman,aspokesmanfortheCincinnati/NorthernKentuckyInternationalAirport,saidthatafewhundredpassengersspentthenightthere.“Allthehotelroomsintheareaweretaken,notjustbecauseofcanceledflightsbutbecausehighwaytravelwasalmostimpossible，”hesaid.,TheBigChill(寒流)SomeareasinupstateNewYorkhavereceivedmorethanfivefeetofsnowoveratwodayperiod.Weatherforecasterssaidtheregioncouldgetmorethaneightfeetofsnowbeforetheweekend.OnTuesday,WestVirginiaexperiencedthecoldesttemperaturesrecordedinthestateinFebruarysince1996,theweatherservicesaid.,SunnyOutlookThereissomesignofrelieftocome.OnWednesday,temperaturesinChicagoroseslightlyto0degreesFahrenheit,withawindchillofminus14degreesFahrenheit.ThatsanimprovementfromMondaywhenthewindchillmadeitfeelasifitwereminus30degreesFahrenheit.NationalWeatherServicemeteorologist(气象学家)TimSeeleysaidthattheareashouldexpecttemperaturesinthelow20sbytheweekend.,Forsometheheavysnowfallwascauseforcelebration.Skiresortsthathadbeensufferingfromthemildwinterwelcomedmorewhiteontheslopes.“Itwastheperfectstorm，”saidJoeStevens,spokesmanfortheWestVirginiaSkiAreasAssociation.“OverfourfeetofsnowhasfallensincethemiddleofJanuary,whichhasreallyturnedthesituationaroundfortheresortsthatwereexperiencingabovenormaltemperaturesearlierintheseason.”,()1.Themainideadiscussedinthepassageis_.AtrafficaccidentsinAmericaBcoldweatherinAmericaCdifficultroadconditionsDheavysnowinAmerica,()2.Deathsandaccidentswerecausedby_.AroadscoveredwithiceandsnowBstrongcoldwindsblowingatahighspeedCheavysnowDtoocoldweather,()3.Whywerethehotelsfullinthisarea?ABecausethereweresomanypeoplehavingtheirhomedestroyed.BItwastoocoldforpeopletogoout.CBecauseairandhighwaytravelwerecutoff.DTherewerenotenoughhotelsinthisarea.,()4.WhichofthefollowingaboutWestVirginiaisTRUE?AItwashitbytheheaviestsnowinhisstory.BItsroadswerecutoffbythesnowstorm.CItwouldfacefineweatherverysoon.DItexperiencedverylowtemperature.()5.Whichofthefollowingwelcomedthecoldweatherandheavysnow?AFarmers.BSkiresorts.CDrivers.DOfficials.,【文章大意】本文主要介绍了美国的一次寒流的情况，包括交通事故、乘客滞留、对滑雪胜地有利等。1B主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了美国的一次寒流的情况，包括交通事故、乘客滞留、对滑雪胜地有利等，都围绕着寒流展开。2A归纳判断题。死亡和交通事故都是由于冰雪路滑引起的。由第二段第二句得出答案。,3C分析概括题。航空和公路交通由于恶劣天气中断，乘客滞留，致使旅馆爆满。由第三段最后一句可知。4D细节理解题。WestVirginia经历了一次温度非常低的寒流。由第五段得出答案。5B段落归纳题。几家欢乐几家愁，滑雪胜地非常喜欢这场大雪，因为他们正为暖冬少雪而发愁呢。,(二)TheengineerCamilloOlivettiwas40yearsoldwhenhestartedthecompanyin1908.AthisfactoryinIvrea，hedesignedandproducedthefirstItaliantypewriter.TodaythecompanysheadofficeisstillinIvrea,nearTurin,butthecompanyismuchlargerthanitwasinthosedaysandthereareofficesallaroundtheworld.By1930therewasastaffof700andthecompanyturnedout13,000machinesayear.SomewenttocustomersinItaly，butOlivettiexportedmoretypewriterstoothercountries.,Camillosson,Adriano,startedworkingforthecompanyin1924andlaterhebecametheboss.Heintroducedastandardspeedfortheproductionlineandheemployedtechnologyanddesignspecialists.Thecompanydevelopednewandbettertypewritersandthencalculators(计算器)In1959itproducedtheELEAcomputersystem.Thiswasthefirstmainframe(主机)computerdesignedandmadeinItaly.,AfterAdrianodiedin1960,thecompanyhadaperiodoffinancialproblems.Othercompanies,especiallytheJapanese,madefasterprogressinelectronictechnologythantheItaliancompany.In1978,CarlodeBenedettibecamethenewboss.Olivettiincreaseditsmarketingandservicenetworksandmadeagreementswithothercompaniestodesignandproducemoreadvancedofficeequipment.,Soonitbecameoneoftheworldsleadingcompaniesininformationtechnologyandcommunications.TherearenowfiveindependentcompaniesintheOlivettigrouponeforpersonalcomputers，oneforotherofficeequipment,oneforsystemsandservices,andtwofortelecommunications.,专题六专题预测,()1.Fromthetextwelearnthat_.A.by1930Olivettiproduced13,000typewritersayearB.Olivettiearnedmoreinthe1960sthaninthe1950sC.someofOlivettis700staffregularlyvisitedcustomersinItalyD.Olivettisetupofficesinothercountriesfromtheverybeginning,()2.WhatwasprobablythedirectresultofOlivettisfallingbehindinelectronictechnology?A.Adrianosdeath.B.Aperiodoffinancialproblems.C.Itsfasterprogress.D.Itsagreementswithothercompanies.,()3.WhatdoweknowaboutOlivetti?A.Itproducedthebesttypewriterinthewo