2015年4月周思成一笑而过六级密训班课件

六级语法长难句及翻译,主讲：孔玮新浪微博：孔玮Vicky,词汇与语法,Withoutgrammar,verylittlecanbeconveyed;withoutvocabulary,nothingcanbeconveyed.-D.A.Wilkins,成型的语法体系,语法有印象体系不连贯例句不给力,-Ifitdoesntraintomorrow,wewillgofishing.-Ifyouwanttoliveahappylife，tieittoagoal，nottopeopleorobjects.-AlbertEinstein,英文的词汇,1.table,green,men,women,smile,love2.and,or,as,it,英文的词汇,1.Contentwords(lexicalwords)teacher,smile,love,money2.Functionwords(grammaticalwords)and,or,as,it(介词，连词，代词）,英文的词汇,1.Contentwords(lexicalwords)-Lexicalwordsproviderichmeaningandthushaveacontentfunction.2.Functionwords(grammaticalwords)-Grammaticalwordsperformastructuringfunctioninthesentence.,英文语法,1.词法各类词的形态和变化2.句法句子的种类句子成分遣词造句的规律,英文的词汇,Contentwordlocationrelationtimeconcept头村头，里头头几天headgoaheadaheadoftimefunctionwordGrammaticalization（语法化）,英文简单句的五大基本句型,主+谓Amanrespires,aspires,perspires,inspires,andfinallyexpires.,英文简单句的五大基本句型,主+谓Amanrespires,aspires,perspires,inspires,andfinallyexpires.spire=spirit:精，气，神,英文简单句的五大基本句型,respire呼吸aspire立志perspire出汗inspire鼓励expire断气,英文简单句的五大基本句型,主+谓Amanrespires,aspires,perspires,inspires,andfinallyexpires.人生于世，求于世，搏于世，知于世，而辞于世。-吴经熊BeyondEastandWest超越东西方,主+谓+宾Iloveyou.,主+谓+宾Ilovethreethings,thesun,themoonandyou.Thesunfortheday,themoonforthenight,andyou,forever.,主+谓+宾（指人）+宾（指物）-Pleasedomeafavor.,主+谓+宾（人）+宾（物）Truelovegivesyouafeelingwhichisamixtureoffriendship,appreciation,supporttrustandhappiness.检验原则：两个宾语可以调换位置。(需增加相应介词to/for.),4.主+谓+宾+宾补-Ahedgebetweenkeepsfriendshipgreen.-Lovemakesmangrowuporsinkdown.,4.主+谓+宾+宾补-Ahedgebetweenkeepsfriendshipgreen.-Lovemakesmangrowuporsinkdown.检验原则：宾语和补语之间加一个系动词，可以构成语义通顺的句子。,4.主+谓+宾+宾补-Ahedgebetweenkeepsfriendshipgreen.-Lovemakesmangrowuporsinkdown.或成长，或沉沦，皆因有爱。检验原则：宾语和补语之间可以加一个系动词，可以构成语义通顺的句子。,主+谓+宾（人）+宾（物）Pleasedomeafavor.检验原则：两个宾语可以调换位置。(需增加相应介词to/for.),区分双宾语和复合宾语IwillmakeAlexmyhusband.IwillmakeAlexacake.,Anarrogantpersonconsidershimselfperfect.Thisisthechiefharmofarrogance.Itinterfereswithapersonsmaintaskinlifebecomingabetterperson.,5.主+系+表系动词：linkingverb（连接主语和后面的成分）=主谓补-Youaremysunshine.,YouaremysunshinemyonlysunshineYoumakemehappywhenskiesaregreyYoullneverknowdearhowmuchIloveyouSopleasedonttakemysunshineaway,5.主+系+表系动词：linkingverb=主谓补,5.主+系+表-问世间情为何物？-解不开的数学难题，战无休的历史争斗，停不了的化学反应，永不灭的艺术真心。然而所有这一切，都不及我心中，独一无二的，你。,2020/5/23,简单句,1.抓主干：主谓宾2.修饰成分：定状补,简单句,修饰成分：定语，状语，补语,简单句叠加变复杂难句,修饰成分：定语，状语，补语,Toolsandtechnologyhavebeenignored.,Toolsandtechnologythemselvesasasourceoffundamentalinnovationhavelargelybeenignored.,Overtheyears,toolsandtechnologythemselvesasasourceoffundamentalinnovationhavelargelybeenignored.,Overtheyears,toolsandtechnologythemselvesasasourceoffundamentalinnovationhavelargelybeenignored.,Overtheyears,toolsandtechnologythemselvesasasourceoffundamentalinnovationhavelargelybeenignored.,AofB,ahard-workingman,B的A,AofB,AofB,ahard-workingmanamanofdiligence,B的A,AofB,theinsightsofgreatmenofgenius天才伟人的洞察力,AofBinExam,partofanexchangeofdutiesandentitlements权利和义务相交换的部分,Overtheyears,toolsandtechnologythemselvesasasourceoffundamentalinnovationhavelargelybeenignoredbyhistoriansandphilosophersofscience.,根本性创新的源泉,科学史学家和科学哲学家,Overtheyears,toolsandtechnologythemselvesasasourceoffundamentalinnovationhavelargelybeenignoredbyhistoriansandphilosophersofscience.,多年以来，作为，工具和技术本身在很大程度被所忽视。,根本性创新的源泉,科学史学家和科学哲学家,有了这个信念，我们就能从中砍出一块。,Withthisfaith,weareabletohewoutofthemountainofdespairastoneofhope.-MartinLutherKing,AofBinQuotation,绝望之山,希望之石,AofBinTranslation,Failureisthefoundationofsuccess;successisthelurkingplaceoffailure.,AofBinTranslation,Failureisthefoundationofsuccess;successisthelurkingplaceoffailure.,祸兮福所倚，福兮祸所伏。-老子,AofBinWriting,Thepervasiveissueofisheatedlydebatedbythepublicrecently.Someindividualscontendthat,whileothersclaimthat,观点,原因,Thereareprobablyseveralfundamentalreasonsofthisissue,andIwouldliketoexploresomeprimaryones.,AofBinWriting,目前越来越多的人认识到了健康饮食的重要性。,句型练习,AofBinWriting,目前越来越多的人认识到了健康饮食的重要性。Todayanincreasingnumberofpeoplehaverealizedthesignificanceofhealthydiet.,句型练习,MoreandmoreinWriting,越来越+名词-anincreasingnumberofn.-agrowingnumberof-anexpandingnumberof,越来越+形容词-beincreasingly+adj.-beprogressively+adj,英文思维黄金法则,谓语单一尾重原则,英文思维黄金法则,1.谓语单一有很多恋人最后都变成了陌生人。,英文思维黄金法则,1.谓语单一有很多恋人最后都变成了陌生人。Therearemanyloversbecomethestrangersfinally.,英文思维黄金法则,1.谓语单一一个简单句只能有一个谓语。如果要表达多个动作概念，有三种方式：a.连词b.非谓语动词C.从句,英文思维黄金法则,1.谓语单一Therearemanyloversbecomethestrangersfinally.并列：Therearemanyloversandtheybecomethestrangersfinally.,英文思维黄金法则,并列：Therearemanyloversandtheybecomethestrangersfinally.一个复杂句里有N个谓语动词就意味着有N个简单句，需要N-1个连接词。,英文思维黄金法则,1.谓语单一非谓语动词V-ing（主动）V-ed（被动）todo（将要）,英文思维黄金法则,1.谓语单一非谓语动词Therearemanyloversbecomingthestrangersfinally.,英文思维黄金法则,1.谓语单一从句Therearemanyloverswhobecomethestrangersfinally.,英文思维黄金法则,1.谓语单一一个简单句只能有一个谓语。如果一个句中要表达多个动作概念，有三种方式：a.并列连词，and,or,but.b.非谓语动词C.从句,英文思维黄金法则,1.谓语单一非谓语动词Therearemanyloversbecomingthestrangers.,英文思维黄金法则,非谓语动词V-inginteresting主动V-edinterested被动,中英思维转换,中文的主动和被动古文：六艺经传皆通习之，不拘于时，学于余。韩愈师说吾不能举全吴之地，十万之众，受制于人。司马光赤壁之战身死国灭，为天下笑。欧阳修今大国之攻小国也，攻者农夫不得耕，妇人不得织。墨子,中英思维转换,中文的主动和被动现代汉语：1.琴弹得真好。2.这屋子设计得很合理。,中英思维转换,中文的主动和被动概念模糊,中英思维转换,中文偏好主动句Mancancanbedestroyed,butnotdefeated.-EarnestHemingway木秀于林，风必摧之。,中英思维转换,非谓语动词V-inginterestingV-edinterestede.x.Youareinteresting.Youareinterested(insomething).,中英思维转换,非谓语动词V-ingexciting令人兴奋V-edexcited感到兴奋e.x.Theyareexciting!Theyareexcited!,中英思维转换,V-ing-Iamtiring.-atiringbaby,V-ed-Iamtired.-atiredbaby,英文思维,Theplanesenttosearchforthemissingplanealsodisappeared.,中文思维,他弹唱。,他拿着吉他优雅地弹唱。,中式思维的影响,中文允许多谓语存在，没有非谓语动词。,因此看到主语后紧跟着的动词就会更容易认为是谓语。,中英思维转换,名代V-ed:Iloved,可以理解为谓语动词的过去时态。还可能是非谓语动词，表示“被爱”。,Lovelovedbeloved,中英思维转换,Av.B.Iloveyou.Av-edB.Ilovedyou.Bisv-edbyA.Youarelovedbyme.Helovedinthepast20yearsneverfeeltheloveanymoresincehisparentslefthim.,英文思维,Theplanesenttosearchforthemissingplanealsodisappeared.,英文思维黄金法则,谓语单一尾重原则,尾重原则,AofB,ThePrincipleofEnd-weight,中英思维对比,中：含蓄好戏在后英：直接开门见山中国人对语言的理解主要依靠模糊化（vagueconversion）西方人注重逻辑和精确的词句表达。,中英思维对比,中英思维对比,中国人只愿相信自己的心灵。WhyChinaHasNoScience冯友兰,中英思维对比,蒹葭苍苍，白露为霜。所谓伊人，在水一方。关关雎鸠，在河之洲。窈窕淑女，君子好逑。诗经,天净沙秋思枯藤老树昏鸦，小桥流水人家，古道西风瘦马。夕阳西下，断肠人在天涯。,中文界定：面粉加鸡蛋兑水调匀，经烘烤得到的甜食。英文界定：akindoffoodbakedwithflour，eggsandwater.,蛋糕,英文：and;furthermore;moreover;butalso;if;incase;h