2016高考英语二轮总复习课件 阅读理解专题：专题二

主旨大意题考查考生把握全文主旨大意和中心思想的能力，是每年的必考题。主旨大意题包括：主要内容(mainidea，mainlyabout)型、文章标题(title)型、写作目的(purpose)型。主旨大意类题目主要考查考生能否分辨主题和细节，是否具备提纲挈领的能力，也就是能否在理解全文的基础上运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑方法对文章进行高度概括和总结，做这类题目时要高瞻远瞩，不可以偏概全。,一、标题归纳题注意事项1在了解全文大意的基础上，仔细考虑选项内容与文章主题有没有联系；2看选项内容对文章概括得是否正确；3要注意选项中所给出的题目范围是否过大或过小。要避免以下三种错误：概括不够，过度概括，以事实细节替代概括性强的大意。,二、确定主题句主题句的位置：主题句通常在文首、文末或首尾呼应，有时也在文中，或没有主题句，需根据文章所述内容进行归纳。各段的主题句也常在该段的首句或尾句。议论文和说明文一般有主题句，但记叙文通常没有主题句，需要归纳。找主题句的方法：用浏览法(skimming)，即快速阅读文首、文尾，或每段的首句和尾句等，搜索主题线索和主题信息。找主题句的四个小窍门：,1段落中出现表转折的词语(如however，but，infact，actually，while，onthecontrary，incontrast等)时，其后的句子很可能是主题句。2首段出现疑问句时，对该问题的回答很可能就是主题句。3作者有意识地反复强调的观点，通常是主旨；反复出现的词语，一般为体现文章主旨的关键词。4表示总结或结论的话常有therefore，thus，inshort，conclude，conclusion等。,三、观点、态度类题解题技巧1一般来说，作者对某一事物的态度往往较为明确，要么支持，要么反对，带中立色彩的词最不可能是正确答案；2表达漠不关心类的词语通常是错误选项，作者既然写文章就不会不关心；3不要把自己的态度揉入其中，也要区分开作者的态度和文章涉及的其他人的态度；4当作者的态度没有明确表达出来时，要学会根据作者使用的词语的褒贬性去判断作者的态度；5作者的观点一般与文章的主旨相关联。,【典例1】(课标，A)体裁：夹叙夹议词数：251Doctorsareknowntobeterriblepilots.Theydontlistenbecausetheyalreadyknowitall.Iwaslucky:Ibecameapilotin1970，almosttenyearsbeforeIgraduatedfrommedicalschool.Ididntrealizethen，butbecomingapilotmakesmeabettersurgeon.Ilovedflying.AsIflewbigger，fasterplanes，andinworseweather，Ilearnedaboutcrewresourcemanagement(机组资源管理)，orCRM，anewideatomakeflyingsafer.Itmeansthatcrewmembersshouldlistenandspeakupforagoodresult，regardlessofpositions.,IfirstreadaboutCRMin1980.Notlongafterthat，anattendingdoctorandIwereflyinginbadweather.Thecontrollerhadusturntoolatetogetourlandingready.Theattendingdoctorwasflying；Iwassafetypilot.Hewassobusybecauseofthebadturn，hehadforgottentoputthelandinggear(起落架)down.Hewasabetterpilotandmybosssoitfeltunusualtospeakup.ButIhadto:Ourliveswereindanger.Iputasidemyuneasinessandsaid，“Weneedtoputthelandinggeardownnow！”ThatwasmyfirstreallessoninthepowerofCRM，andIveuseditintheoperatingroomeversince.,CRMrequiresthatthepilot/surgeonencourageotherstospeakup.Itfurtherrequiresthatwhenopinionsarefromtheopposite，thedoctordoesntoverreact，whichmightpreventfellowdoctorsfromvoicingopinionsagain.SowhenImintheoperatingroom，Iaskforideasandhelpfromothers.Sometimestheyrenotwillingtospeakup.ButIhopethatifIcontinuetoencouragethem，somedaysomeonewillkeepmefrom“landinggearup”,4Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?ACRM:ANewWaytoMakeFlyingSafeBFlyingMakesMeaBetterDoctorCTheMakingofaGoodPilotDAPilotTurnedDoctor,解析本文为夹叙夹议文，题材为个人情感与人际关系。日常工作中医生往往听不进别人的观点和建议，这一点很糟糕。“我”通过自己的一次经历深深理解了一种工作原理CRM的重要性，那什么是CRM呢？这是考查主旨大意题之标题类型题目。根据第一段中的butbecomingapilotmakesmeabettersurgeon以及第二段用自己的一次亲身经历来证明这一点和最后一段我在自己的工作中坚持CRM工作法可知本文的主题是：飞行让我变成了一个更好的医生。A：CRM：一种让飞行更安全的新方法；C：一个好的飞行员的培养；D：一个由飞行员转变的医生。这三项都与本文主题无关。故B项为最佳选项。,【典例2】(重庆，E)体裁：议论文词数：270ItiswidelyknownthatanyEnglishconversationbeginswithTheWeather.SuchafixationwiththeweatherfindsexpressioninDr.Johnsonsfamouscommentthat“WhentwoEnglishmeet，theirfirsttalkisofweather.”ThoughJohnsonsobservationisasaccuratenowasitwasovertwohundredyearsago，mostcommentatorsfailtocomeupwithaconvincingexplanationforthisEnglishweatherspeak.,BillBryson，forexample，concludesthat，astheEnglishweatherisnotatallexciting，theobsessionwithitcanhardlybeunderstood.Hearguesthat“Toanoutsider，themoststrikingthingabouttheEnglishweatheristhatthereisnotverymuchofit.”Simply，thereasonisthattheunusualandunpredictableweatherisalmostunknownintheBritishIsles.,JeremyPaxman，however，disagreeswithBryson，arguingthattheEnglishweatherisbynatureattractive.Brysoniswrong，hesays，becausetheEnglishpreferencefortheweatherhasnothingtodowiththenaturalphenomena.“Theinterestislessinthephenomenathemselves，butinuncertainty.”Accordingtohim，theweatherinEnglandisverychangeableanduncertainanditattractstheEnglishaswellastheoutsider.,BrysonandPaxmanstandforcommonmisconceptionsabouttheweatherspeakamongtheEnglish.Bothcommentators，somehow，aremissingthepoint.TheEnglishweatherconversationisnotreallyabouttheweatheratall.Englishweatherspeakisasystemofsigns，whichisdevelopedtohelpthespeakersovercomethenaturalreserveandactuallytalktoeachother.Everyoneknowsconversationsstartingwithweatherspeakarenotrequestsforweatherdata.Rather，theyareroutinegreetings，conversationstartersortheblank“fillers”Inotherwords，Englishweatherspeakisameansofsocialbonding.,4Whatistheauthorsmainpurposeofwritingthepassage?AToexplainwhatEnglishweatherspeakisabout.BToanalysemisconceptionsabouttheEnglishweather.CTofindfaultwithbothBillBrysonandJeremyPaxman.DToconvinc