高中英语必修四unit4语法：V-ing作定语和状语(公开课).ppt

TheV-ingformastheAttributeandAdverbial,UnitGrammar,动词-ing形式所充当的成份：,主语动名词,宾语动名词,表语动名词、现在分词,定语动名词、现在分词,状语现在分词,宾补现在分词,V-ing形式充当的成分,知识回顾,1.单个动词的-ing形式作定语位于被修饰名词的前面,动名词作定语表示被修饰者的作用或功能,现在分词作定语常表示被修饰者的动作或状态。如：asleepingcar卧车=acarforsleepingasleepingchild一个正在睡觉的孩子=achildwhoissleeping,一、V-ing作定语,动名词,现在分词,1)drinkingwater饮用水=waterfordrinking2)awalkingstick拐杖=astickforwalking3)areadingroom阅览室=aroomforreading4)awritingdesk写字桌=adeskforwriting5)tiringmusic令人疲倦的音乐=musicwhich/thatistiring6)asurprisingresult令人吃惊的结果=aresultwhich/thatissurprising,现在分词,【即练1】同义改写,动名词,2.Ving形式短语作定语时,放在所修饰的名词之后,并且在意思上相当于一个定语从句。如：Theexperimentwasanamazingsuccess.=Theexperimentwasasuccesswhichwasamazing.Theylivedinaroomfacingthestreet.=Theylivedinaroomthat/whichfacesthestreet.3.V-ing形式短语也可以用作非限制定语,相当于非限制性定语从句,这时它与句子其他部分用逗号分开。如:Hisbrother,workingasateacher,livesinBeijing.=Hisbrother,whoisworkingasateacher,livesinBeijing.,1)ThemanstandingthereisPetersfather.=ThemanwhoisstandingthereisPetersfather.2)Anybodyswimminginthisriverwillbefined.=Anybodywhoisswimminginthisriverwillbefined.3)Hersons,bothworkingabroadringhereveryweek.=Hersons,whobothwork/arebothworkingabroad,ringhereveryweek.,【即练2】用定语从句改写,1.现在分词作状语时,分词的逻辑主语必须是句子的主语,分词必须和句中的主语含有逻辑上的主谓关系,否则不能用现在分词作状语。如:Hearingtheknockonthedoor，theystoppedtalking.听到有人在敲门，他们停止了谈话。Whentheyheardtheknockonthedoor,theystoppedtalking.（hearing的逻辑主语是句子的主语they发出的，当主从句主语相同时，可把从句改为分词短语）,二、现在分词作状语,2.现在分词作状语时,分词的逻辑主语不是句子的主语时,不能直接用现在分词作状语。判断正误：Whensheheardthewords,herfacewentred.()Hearingthewords,herfacewentred.()（分词hearing的逻辑主语不是句子的主语herface发出的,不能用现在分词作状语）【注意】分词的逻辑主语不相同时,要用独立主语，即独立主格结构。如:Thegirlwaitingforthebus,abirdfellonherhead=Whenthegirlwaitedforthebus,abirdfellonherhead.,3.少部分Ving形式可以充当独立成分，这时句子主语与其无任何语法关系，不要误认为是Ving形式作状语。如：Judgingfromhistone,theresnodoubtheisagainstit.从他的话音可判断，毫无疑问他是反对的。常见短语：generally/strictly/exactlyspeaking大体/严格/准确说来judgingfrom/by.根据判断talkingof.谈到considering.考虑，鉴于supposing(that).假设，假定regarding.关于,1)Thechildranthroughtherain,hishairgotwet._,hishairgotwet.2)Iftimepermits,welldoanotherexperiment._,welldoanotherexperiment.3)Whensheheardthewords,herfacewentred._,herfacewentred.4)Becausealltheticketshadbeensoldout,theywentawaydisappointedly._,theywentawaydisappointedly.,【即练3】用分词短语改写,Thechildrunningthroughtherain,Timepermitting,Shehearingthewords,Alltheticketshavingbeensoldout,如:1)Hearingthebell,theybegantoentertheroom.解析:hearing是一般式主动，表示听到和进入两个动作同时发生,相当于状从:Whentheyheardthebell2)Thebuildingbeingbuiltnowisournewlibrary.解析:beingbuilt是一般式被动形式,表示动作正在进行之中,相当于定从:Thebuildingwhichisbeingbuiltnow3)Havingdonethework,hewenthome.解析:Havingdone是完成式主动,强调听见和进入两个动作先后发生,相当于状从:Afterhe(had)finishedthework,主动形式被动形式(not)doingbeingdone(not)havingdonehavingbeendone,一般式,完成式,三、V-ing的形式和句法功能,1.V-ing的一般式和完成式,2.现在分词在句中作状语,修饰谓语动词或整个句子,表示动作发生的原因、时间、方式、结果、条件、伴随等。现在分词一般不用作表目的地状语(通常用不定式表目的地状语)。,1)表时间状语,Walkinginthestreet,Icameacrossanoldfriendofmine.=WhenIwaswalkinginthestreet,Icameacrossanoldfriendofmine.,2)表原因状语Beingastudent,youshouldstudyhard.=Sinceyouareastudent,youshouldstudyhard.,3)表伴随状语作伴随状语的分词表示的动作,必须是主语的一个动作,或是与谓语所表示的动作(或状态)同时发生,或是对谓语表示的动词(或状态)作进一步补充说明。,Hesatonthesofa,watchingTV.=Hesatonthesofa,andwatchedTV.,4)表结果状语Hermotherdiedin1990,leavingherwithheryoungerbrother.=Hermotherdiedin1990,andleftherwithheryoungerbrother.,5)表条件状语,Usingyourhead,youwillfindaway.=Ifyouuseyourhead,youwillfindaway.,【即练4】用分词短语改写,1)Whentheyheardthestrangenoise，theyfeltscared.Hearingthestrangenoise,theyfeltscared.2)Becausehewasill,hedidntgotoschoolyesterday.Beingill，hedidntgotoschoolyesterday.3)Ifyouwalkedahead,youwillseeawhitehouse.Walkingahead,youwillseeawhitehouse.4)Theylaughedandtalkedhappilyastheywentintotheclassroom.Laughingandtalkinghappily,theywentintotheclassroom.5)Unfortunately,hisfatherdied,andleftthefamilyevenworseoff.Unfortunately,hisfatherdied,leavingthefamilyevenworseoff.,1.WhenheapproachedMsSmith,hetouchedhershoulderandkissedher._MsSmith,hetouchedhershoulderandkissedher.,I.用V-ing形式改写句子,When,approaching,2.Thepersonwhoistranslatingthesongscanspeaksevenlanguages.Theperson_canspeaksevenlanguages.,translating,the,songs,语法作业,3.Theboystandingthereisreadingabookaboutbodylanguage.Theboy_thereisreadingabookaboutbodylanguage.,who,is,standing,4.Becausehedidntknowanyone,hestoodtheresilently._anyone,hestoodtheresilently.,Notknowing,5.Thepicturethathangsonthewallisaworld-famousone.Thepicture_onthewallisaworld-famousone.6.Becausehehadntreceivedananswer,hedecidedtowriteanotherlettertohim._ananswer,hedecidedtowriteanotherlettertohim.,hanging,Nothavingreceived,7.Whenheseesthemountain,healwaysthinksofhishometown._themountain,healwaysthinksofhishometown.8.BecauseitisSunday,therearenostudentsintheschool.It_,therearenostudentsintheschool.,Seeing,beingSunday,9.Hehuntedalltheshopstolookforanicepresentforhismother.Hehuntedalltheshops,_anicepresentforhismother.10.Ifyoustudyhard,youllmakeprogress._,youllmakeprogress._,andyoullmakeprogress.(祈使句+and/or+陈述句),lookingfor,Studyinghard,Studyhard,II单句改错。句子共有10处语言，涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏词符号（/）,并在该句下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。,1.Havingnotseenthefilm,IcanttellyouwhatIthinkofit.2.Themenworkedforextrahoursgotanextrapay.3.Seenfromthetopofthehill,wefindthecitymorebeautiful.,Nothaving,working,Seeing,4.Generallyspeak,facialexpressionsarehelpfulcommunications,too.5.“Cantyouread?”themansaid,angrilypointedtothenoticeonthewall.