九年级英语 Unit12grammar focus.ppt

Unit12,SectionAGrammarFocus,Readthesesentencesandpayattentiontotheunderlinedparts.,BeforeIgottothebusstop,thebushadalreadyleft.BythetimeIgotbacktoschool,thebellhadrung.WhenIgottoschool,IrealizedthatIhadleftmybackpackathome.,过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作，即：过去的过去。,过去完成时态的概念：,时间轴表示,肯定式：had+动词的过去分词否定式：hadnt+动词的过去分词疑问式：Had+动词的过去分词?简略回答:Yes,主+had.No,主+hadnot.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句(Had+主语+过去分词)?,过去完成时态的构成：,1.过去完成时表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成或结束，即发生在“过去的过去”。如：WhenIwokeup,ithadstoppedraining.我醒来时，雨已经停了。（主句的动作发生在“过去的过去”）,过去完成时的用法：,Bythetimetheyarrived,thebushadleft.当他们到的时候，公交车已经开走了。,2.过去完成时是一个相对的时态，表示的是“过去的过去”，表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态。只有和过去某一时间或某一动作相比较时才使用它。如：,Hetoldmethathehadwrittenanewbook.(hadwritten发生在told之前),3.过去完成时需要与一个表示过去的时间状语连用，它不能离开过去时间而独立存在。此时多与already，yet，still，just，before，never等时间副词及by，before，until等引导的短语或从句连用。如：BeforeshecametoChina,GracehadtaughtEnglishinamiddleschoolforaboutfiveyears.Peterhadcollectedmorethan300Chinesestampsbythetimehewasten.,4.过去完成时可表示某一动作或状态在过去某时之前已经开始，一直延续到这一过去时间，而且动作尚未结束，仍然有继续下去的可能。如：Bytheendoflastyear,hehadworkedinthefactoryfortwentyyears.（hadworked已有了20年，还有继续进行下去的可能）,6:007:00现在,BythetimeIgotup,mysisterhadalreadywashedalltheclothes.,Igothome,Mylittlebrotherwenttobed,BythetimeIgothome,mylittlebrotherhadgonetobed.,Igottoschool,Theteachercameintotheclassroom,BythetimeIgottoschool,theteacherhadcomeintotheclassroom.,Bythetimeshegotoutside,thebushadalreadyleft.,1.He_inShanghaiUniversityforfouryearsbeforehe_toBeijing.A.studied,hadgoneB.hadstudied,wentC.hasstudied,goesD.hadstudied,hadgone,例题解析,解析：“他去北京之前在上海大学学习了4年”。在上海大学学习的动作发生在去北京之前，因此第一个空应用过去完成时。此题选B。,B,2.Marysaiditwasatleastfiveyearssinceshe_agooddrink.A.enjoyedB.wasenjoyingC.hadenjoyedD.wouldenjoy,解析：“Itwas+时间段+since引导的从句”中用过去完成时。应选C。,C,3.XiaoPeisaidshe_Hainanfor3months.hasbeeninB.hadbeeninC.hadbeentoD.hadgoneto,解析：“小培说她在海南三个月了”。havebeento和havegoneto都是短暂性的动词短语，表示状态的应该用havebeenin，故应选B。,B,过去完成时是一个相对的时态，它所表示的动作不仅发生在过去，更强调“过去的过去”，只有和过去某时或某动作相比较时，才用到它；现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去，但侧重对现在产生的结果或造成的影响，与现在有关，其结构为“have(has)+过去分词”。,过去完成时与现在完成时的区别,Ihavelearned1,000Englishwordssofar.到目前为止我已经学会了1000个英语单词。Ihadlearned1,000Englishwordstillthen.到那时为止我已经学会了1000个英语单词。,时间轴表示：,虽然这两种时态都表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，但在使用时应注意以下几点：时间状语不同：过去完成时在时间上强调“过去的过去”；而一般过去时只强调过去某一特定的时间。,过去完成时与一般过去时的区别,试比较：Theyhadarrivedatthestationbytenyesterday.Theyarrivedatthestationattenyesterday.,2.在没有明确的过去时间状语作标志时，谓语动词动作发生的时间先后须依据上下文来判断：先发生的用过去完成时，后发生的则用一般过去时。如：Shewasveryhappy.Herwholefamilywerepleasedwithher,too.Shehadjustwonthefirstinthecompositioncompetition.,3.当两个或两个以上接连发生的动作用and或but连接时，按时间顺序，只需用一般过去时来代替过去完成时；另外，在before,after,assoonas引导的从句中，由于这些连词本身已经表示出时间的先后，因此也可以用过去时来代替过去完成时。如：Heenteredtheroom,turnedonthelightandreadaneveningpaper.I(had)calledherbeforeIlefttheoffice.,Fillintheblankswiththecorrectformofthewords.,1.Paul_(go)outwithJaneafterhe_(make)aphonecall.2.Tom_(say)he_(read)thebooktwice.3.WhenI_(arrive)atthestation,he_(leave).,went,hadmade,said,hadread,arrived,hadleft,Practice,4.She_(notgo)toQingdaobecauseshe_(be)therebefore.5.Bytenyesterdayevening,she_(finish)writing.,didntgo,hadbeen,hadfinished,1.We_outbythattimethathe_athiefforalongtime.A.hadfound,hadbeenB.hadfound,wasC.found,hadbeenD.found,was2.Itsohappenedthatthey_thenovelbefore.hadreadB.wouldreadC.werereadingD.read,C,A,Choosethebestanswer.,3.HanMeitoldmeshe_lunch,soshewasveryhungry.A.hashadB.hasnthaveC.havehadD.hadnthad4.Themeeting_whenMr.Wang_toschool.A.hasbegun;getB.hasbeenon;getC.hadbegun;gotD.hadbeenon;got,D,C,按要求改写句子。Ihadsoldtheticketwhenshecame.（改为否定句）_2.Bythetimehegottotheairport,theplanehadtakenoff.(改为一般疑问句)_?3.Jackdidntgotothecinemabecausehehadseenthefilm.（对划线部分提问）_,Ihadnotsoldtheticketwhenshecame.,Hadtheplanetakenoffbythetimehegottotheairport,WhydidntJackgotothecinema?,4.LucyhadalreadyfinishedherhomeworkwhenIarrived.（改为一般疑问句）_,5.Wecookedthedumplings.Weatethemup.（用过去完成时连接两句）_,HadLucyalreadyfinishedtheprojectwhenIarrived?,Afterwehadcookedthedumplings,weatethemup.,4aMakesentencesusingbythetimeorbefore.,2.Thecoffeebecamecold.Iputcreaminthecoffee.3.Theteachercollectedthemathhomework.Igottoschool.,BeforeIputcreaminthecoffee,thecoffeehadbecomecold.,BythetimeIgottoschool,theteacherhadcollectedthemathhomework.,4.Icompletedtheworkformyboss.Theworkdayended.5.Themoviestarted.Iarrivedatthecinema.,Beforetheworkdayended,Ihadcompletedtheworkformyboss.,BythetimeIarrivedatthecinema,themoviehadstarted.,6.Mymotherfinishedmakingtheapplepie.Igothomefrommylanguagecourse.,BythetimeIgothomefrommylanguagecourse,mymotherhadfinishedmakingtheapplepie.,把下面的句子翻译成汉语。,1.BeforeIputcreaminthecoffee,thecoffeehadbecomecold.2.BythetimeIgottoschool,theteacherhadcollectedthemathhomework.3.Beforetheworkdayended,Ihadcompletedtheworkformyboss.,我把牛奶放进咖啡之前，咖啡就已经变凉了。,当我到学校的时候，老师已经收完数学作业了。,工作日结束之前，我就已经完成老板布置的任务了。,4.BythetimeIarrivedatthecinema,themoviehadstarted.5.BythetimeIgothomefrommylanguagecourse,mymotherhadfinishedmakingtheapplepie.,当我到达电影院的时候，电影已经开始了。,我学完语言课回到家时，我妈已经做好了苹果派。,1.我到家时她已经睡了。,BythetimeIgothome,shehadalreadygonetobed.,2.到晚上时消息已传遍全球。,Bytheeveningthenewshadspreadthroughtheworld.,把下面的句子翻译成英语。,3.他走以后我找到了那封信。,Ifoundtheletterafterhehadgoneaway.,Wereachedthecinemalate.Thefilmhadalreadybegun.,4.我们到电影院晚了,电影已经开始了。,Wefoundthatsomebodyhadbrokenourwindow.,IsoonrealizedthatIhadmadeaseriousmistake.,6.不久我意识到自己犯了一个严重的错误。,5.我们发现有人把我们的窗户打破了。,IdidntgobecauseIhadalreadyseenthefilm.,Afterhecheckedoutalltheinformation,hebelievedhisdaughterhadmadeagooddecision.,8.他查看了所有的信息后，相信女儿的选择是对的。,7.我没有去，因为我已看过这部电影。,4bFillintheblankswiththecorrectformsofthewordsinthebox.,1.BythetimeIarrivedattheparty,everyoneelse_already_.,had,2.Whenheputthenoodlesintoabowl,herealizedhe_toaddthegreenbeans.3.Bythetimemymothercamebackfromthemarket,I_already_thedoortogoformypianolesson.,hadforgotten,shownup,rushoutforgetarriveatgointoshowupfindout,hadrushedout,4.Beforeshegottotheairport,she_theearthquake.5.Whenshe_themovietheater,sherememberedsheforgottofeedherdog.6.Beforeshegotachancetosaygoodbye,he_thebuilding.,foundout,arrivedat,hadgoneinto,4cWritetwotruestatementsandonefalsestatementaboutyourdayyesterday.Thenaskyourclassmatestoguessthefalsestatement.,BythetimeIleftschoolinthemorning,_,Ihadalreadyhadbreakfast.,Ihadalreadytakenashower.,Ihadalreadywashedmyface.,2.Bytheendoftheschoolday,_3.Bydinnertime,I_,IhavegotapresentfromTom.,Ihadhadfinishedthetest.,Ihadfinishedmyhomework.,hadhadtoomanyapples.,hadeatenplentyofmeat.,havefinishedallthehousework.,Makeconversationswithyourpartnertotalkaboutthethingsyoudidyesterdaybyusingthepastperfecttenses.,Whenyoucalledme,I,gettothebusstop,WhenIgottothelibrary,close,W