module 8 新编剑桥商务英语(初级)第三版.ppt

Module8,Businesstopic:ManufacturingprocessesGraffitiaproblem?JustwashitThepassiveSupplyanddemand/ProductionphilosophyJust-In-Time(JIT)Businessskills:ProblemsadsolutionsSolvingproblemsUseaSmartLidWhenandIfCollocations(词语搭配)withproblemsWevegotaproblem(casepractice),P76Readthearticle,ThenameofthecompanyWhatkindofproductsthecompanymakesWhousestheproducts,HubdeanGraffitiresistantpaints,andanti-graffititreatmentLocalcouncilsandprivatecompaniesalloverUK,Passive,不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁.强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者Somenewcomputerswerestolenlastnight.ThismachinewasmadeinGermany.Thecompanywasestablishedin1950.Eighthoursperdayforsleepmustbeguaranteed.Thisbookwaspublishedlastyear.Thewindowwasbroken.,不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态,Appear/disappearDieEndFailHappenLast持续LieRemainSit,Spreadstandbreakout突发，爆发cometrue成真fallasleepkeepsilenceloseheart失去勇气，丧失信心takeplace发生,P77Exercise5,Ifthereisadelay,theclient_.Thenewsystem_.We_.Production_.Thearea_.,Isinformed,Isbeingtested,Wereshownaroundthefactory,Hasbeenincreased,Willbecleanedtomorrow,Exercise6,ManageFacedAreusedWerebeingvandalisedTried,6.Wascleanedoff7.Weredefaced8.Contacted9.Haveworked10.Havebeenprotected,Disposable用完即弃的Eliminate消除，消灭EliminationFinancialreturn金融回报Frustrated挫折的，泄气的Gooff离开，消失，变质Innovation创新Interrupt打断，妨碍InterruptionInventory存货清单Loadingbay装卸湾Maintenance保养，维护Mechanism机构，机制Philosophy哲学，理论,Poka-yoke防差错技术Prevent防止Rawmaterials原材料Reliable可靠的Scenario设想，方案Supplyanddemand供求Surface表面Treatment处理，治疗Underlicense领有执照Vandal故意破坏者Gooutofbusiness破产Inabuyersmarket在买方市场Meetthestandards符合标准TotalQualityControl(TQM)Turnred/blue/green,P78Definitions,AutomatedCapacityDeliveryDemandHandmadeOrder,makeautomaticorcontroloroperateautomatically.theamountthatcanbecontained.theactofdeliveringordistributingsomething.theabilityanddesiretopurchasegoodsandservices.madebyhandorahandprocess.arequestforsomethingtobemade,supplied,orserved.,OutputPlantProduceProductSupplyWarehouse,thequantityofsomething(asacommodity)thatiscreated.buildingsforcarryingonindustriallabor.createormanufactureaman-moditiesofferedforsale.offeringgoodsandservicesforsale.astorehouseforgoodsandmerchandise.,Exercise2,WarehouseOrdersDemandAutomatedCapacityProducts,Exercise3,SupplyPlantahandmadeProduceOutputDeliveries,ProductionPhilosophy,JFBCGEIADH,JustInTime(JIT),Productionmethodtodescribetheconditionwherethereisnoexcessinventorycarriedinstockandproductionisfedbymaterialsarriving“justintime”forproduction.利用即时送达的材料来供应生产，以达到无过剩库存的情况。,Aninventorystrategy,Inventoryisprobablyoneofthetwobiggestassetsonyourcompanysbalancesheet.Itisanimportantdeterminant(决定因素)ofReturnOnAssets(ROA资产收益率)andothermeasuresoffinancialperformance.（财务业绩）Carryingstockisexpensive,usually20%-40%oftheaveragevalueperyear.Itwastescapital-capitalthebusinessmayneedforgrowth.Itrequireslargewarehousesandvaluablefloorspace.Largestocksrequiremassivecomputersystemsfortrackingandcontrol.,JustInTimeandTheToyotaProductionSystem,TheJapanesestudiedAmericanproductionmethodswithparticularattentiontoFordpracticesandtheStatisticalQualityControlpracticesofIshikawa,EdwardsDeming,andJosephJuran.AtToyotaMotorCompany,TaichiiOhnoandShigeoShingo,begantoincorporate(合并)FordproductionandothertechniquesintoanapproachcalledToyotaProductionSystemorJustInTime.TheToyotapeoplealsorecognizedthattheFordsystemhadcontradictionsandshortcomings,particularlywithrespecttoemployees.,Toyotasoondiscoveredthatfactoryworkershadfarmoretocontributethanjustmusclepower.ThisdiscoveryprobablyoriginatedintheQualityCirclemovement.Ishikawa,Deming,andJuranallmademajorcontributionstothequalitymovement.Anotherkeydiscoveryinvolvedproductvariety.TheFordsystemwasbuiltaroundasingle,neverchangingproduct.Itdidnotcopewellwithmultipleornewproducts.Whentheproductivityandqualitygainsbecameevidenttotheoutsideworld,AmericanexecutivestraveledtoJapantostudyit.,QualityCircle,QualityCircleisoneoftheemployeeparticipationmethods.Itimpliesthedevelopmentofskills,capabilities,confidenceandcreativityofthepeoplethroughcumulativeprocessofeducation,training,workexperienceandparticipation.Italsoimpliesthecreationoffacilitativeconditionsandenvironmentofwork,whichcreatesandsustainstheirmotivationandcommitmenttowardsworkexcellence.,asmallgroupof6to12employeesdoingsimilarworkmeettogetheronaregularbasistoidentifyimprovementsintheirrespectiveworkareasusingproventechniquesforanalysingandsolvingworkrelatedproblems,TheconceptofQualityCircle,baseduponrecognitionofthevalueoftheworkerasahumanbeing,assomeonewhowillinglycontributesonhisjob,hiswisdom,intelligence,experience,attitudeandfeelings.Ithasthreemajorattributes:QualityCircleisaformofparticipationmanagement.QualityCircleisahumanresourcedevelopmenttechnique.QualityCircleisaproblemsolvingtechnique.,ObjectiveofQualityCircle,ChangeinAttitudeFromIDONTcaretoIDOcare.ContinuousimprovementinqualityofworklifeSelfDevelopmentDevelopmentofTeamSpiritIcouldnotdobutwediditEliminateinterdepartmentalconflicts.ImprovedOrganisationalCulturePositiveworkingenvironment.Totalinvolvementofpeopleatalllevels.Highermotivationallevel.ParticipateManagementprocess,WhatwasdoneatFordMotorcompanytoeliminatestoragecost?WhatnamewasgiventotheJITconceptattheToyotaMotorCorporation?WhatisthemainobjectiveofJIT?,Rawmaterialsweretakenstraighttothefactoryfloor.,TheToyotaProductionSystem,Toeliminatewasteandimproveproductivity.,Howmanysortsofwastehavebeeneliminatedinleanmanufacturing(精益生产)?Whatarethey?WhichsentenceisthesummaryoftheJITphilosophy?,Seven:Overproduction;Excesstransportation;Excessinventory;waitingtime;processing(处理);motion（移动）andproductiondefects.,Havingtherightamountoftherightmaterial,intherightplace,attherighttime.,Additive上瘾的adjAdvertise广告nAssemblyline流水线nBacterium/bacteria细菌nCatastrophe大灾难，大祸nClosedcircuitTV闭路电视nCompatible/compatibility兼容的adj/兼容性nComponent组件nDedicate/dedicated奉献/有奉献精神的Deface破坏，磨损vtDefect瑕疵，故障，缺点nDetect发现，探测，检定vt,Poka-yoke,aJapanesetermthatmeansfail-safingormistake-proofing.Itwasoriginallydescribedasbaka-yoke,butasthismeansfool-proofing.Aprocessthathelpsanequipmentoperatoravoidmistakes.Itspurposeistoeliminateproductdefectsbypreventing,correcting,ordrawingattentiontohumanerrorsastheyoccur.,Examplesofpoka-yokeinconsumerproducts,TheinabilitytoremoveacarkeyfromtheignitionswitchofanautomobileiftheautomatictransmissionisnotfirstputintheParkposition,sothatthedrivercannotleavethecarinanunsafeparkingconditionwherethewheelsarenotlockedagainstmovement.,3.5floppydisks:thetop-rightcornerisshapedinacertainwaysothatthediskcannotbeinsertedupside-down.,UK13ampelectricplugs:itisimpossibletowronglyinserttheplugintothesocket,duetoitsarrangementofthreerectangularpins.,Microwaveovens:adoorswitchautomaticallydisconnectstheactivationbuttonwhenthedooroftheovenisopened.Asaresult,itisimpossibletocookanythinginamicrowaveovenunlessthedoorisfullyclosed.,SIM(SubscriberIdentityModule)cards:TheSIMcardusedincellularphoneshasitsupperleftcornertrimmeddiagonallytoguidethecardcorrectlyintoposition.,SolvingProblems:Exercise2,Workinpairs.BrainstormideastofindaPoka-Yokeway.,LabellingSoundTankdesign,DetectorAlarmMonitor,ShepherdReinforcethefenceIncreasecowsactivityground,DeviceCamera+monitorAlarmsound,AlarmsystemMonitorsystem,WrongfuelGetstuckinthedoorCowescaping,Usedifferentmeasuresofdiameterofthetubes.Opticalcellstostopdoorsfromclosingwhenpeoplearegettingon/off.Stonestomakethegatecloseautomatically.,Exercise4,Preventamistakefrombecomingacatastrophe(大灾难).Itonlyfitstherighttank.Stopthedoorsfromclosingwhenpeoplearegettingoff.Tomakethegatecloseautomatically.,TotalQualityManagement(TQM),AmanagementconceptcoinedbyEdwardsDeming.ThebasisofTQM:toreducetheerrorsproducedduringthemanufacturingorserviceprocess.toincreasecustomersatisfaction,supplychainmanagement.toaimformodernizationofequipmentandensurewor