M4U1 Grammar-主谓一致.ppt

,Unit1Grammar,Subject-verbAgreement,主谓一致,Subject-VerbAgreement(主谓一致),语法一致,就近原则,意义一致,就远原则,“主语+附属结构”作主语，谓语与主语一致,即主语是单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式，主语是复数形式，谓语也用复数形式。,即主语形式上为单数，但意义为复数，因此谓语动词用复数形式；或主语形式上为复数，但表示单数意义，这时谓语动词用单数形式。,即谓语动词用单数形式还是用复数形式，取决于最靠近他的主语。,Subject-VerbAgreement(主谓一致),语法一致,就近原则,意义一致,就远原则,语法一致,1.当主语由and连结时，如果表示同一人或同一物时，谓语动词用单数，此时and后面的名词无冠词。如表示不同的人或物时,谓语动词用复数，此时and后面的名词有冠词。,Theworkerandwriter_(be)fromWuhan.Theworkerandthewriter_(be)fromWuhan.,is,are,TheLeaguesecretaryandmonitor_askedtomakeaspeechatthemeetingyesterday.A.isB.wasC.areD.were,那个工人兼作家,那位工人和那位作家,B,Thegiftisusedtohavewesternmeals.Whatisit?,aknifeandfork,Aknifeandfork_usedtohavemeals.,is,Thesingeranddancer_onthestage.,is,asingeranddancer,1.Theprofessorandwriter_speakingatthemeetingnow.2.WangGangandZhangHua_herejustnow.3.Bothriceandwheat_growninthispartofChina.4.Aknifeandfork_usedtohavemeals.5.Thesingeranddancer_onthestage.6.Warandpeace_aconstant(不变的，固定的）themeinhistory.,is,were,are,is,is,一副刀叉,is,Goingoutforawalkaftersupper_(be)agoodhabit.晚饭后出去散步是一个好习惯。Tosee_(be)tobelieve.眼见为实。Whetherwellgo_(depend)ontheweather.我们是否去要取决于天气的好坏。,2.动词不定式(短语),动名词(短语),或从句作主语时,谓语动词常用单数。例如：,is,is,depends,Something_(has/have)gonewrongwithmywatch.Anybodywho_(break/breaks)therulewillbepunished.,3.不定代词somebody,someone,anybody,everybody,nobody,everyone,noone,something,anything,everything,nothing等作主语，谓语动词用单数形式;,has,breaks,Twopictures_onthewall,whichattractmanypeople.Onthewall_twopictures,whichattractmanypeople.Theirteacher_amongthestudents,whoisinherthirties.Amongthestudents_theirteacher,whoisinherthirties.,4.倒装句中的语法一致,are,are,stands,stands,“分数或百分数+of+不可数名词或单数名词”，谓语动词用单数,Tenpercentofthepupils_(be)absenttoday.Three-fourthsofthesurfaceoftheearth_(be)sea.Onethirdoftheapples_(be)eatenbyTom.Onethirdoftheapple_(be)eatenbyTom.,are,is,5.“分数或百分数+of+复数名词”，谓语动词用复数“分数或百分数+of+不可数名词或单数名词”，谓语动词用单数,were,was,Exercises,1.ReadingEnglishpapersandmagazines_helpfultoourstudyofEnglish.(is/are)2.Whetherhecomesornot_ofnomatter.(is/are)3.Tosay_onething;todo_another.(is/are)4.Listening,speaking,readingandwriting_fourskillsforEnglishstudy.(is/are)5.Wheretofindtheplantandwhattodowithit_stilltheproblemstosettle.(is/are),is,is,is,is,are,are,意义一致,即主语形式上为单数，但意义为复数，因此谓语动词用复数形式；或主语形式上为复数，但表示单数意义，这时谓语动词用单数形式。,意义一致,Hisfamily_verylarge.他的家是一个大家庭。Hisfamily_musiclovers.他的家人都是音乐爱好者。,are,is,1.由集体名词,如group,family,class,government,team,public,enemy,crowd,audience,club,party,crew等作主语时,如果看成一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式,如果看成其中各成员，则用复数形式.,Thegroup_madeupofninestudents.,Thegroup_dancinghappily.,is,are,(be),Theteam_somegoodplayers.(have)Theteam_handsome.(be),has,are,Choosethecorrectverbformtocompletethefollowingsentences.,1.Theresearchgroup(is,are)madeupoffivepeople.,2.What(do,does)thegroupwantfortheirlunch?,3.Ourfamily_(is,are)notpooranymore.,4.Hehastoworry.Hisfamily_(is,are)waitingforhim.,5.Theclass_(is,are)morethanfortyinnumber.,is,do,is,are,is,6.Theclass(have,has)disagreedamongthemselvesaboutwheretheyshouldgoandhaveapicnic.,7.Thegovernment_(has,have)spentmorethantwomillionyuaninplantingtrees.,8.Thecitygovernment_(has,have)differentopinionsaboutnextyearsplan.,have,has,have,注意：但集体名词为people,police,cattle等谓语动词都用复数形式。,9.Thepolice_(is,are)searchingforthethief.,are,1.WhetherIllstay_(depend)ontheweather.2.Thepolice_(search)thebuildingnow.3.Writingstoriesandarticles_(be)whatIenjoymost.4.Whattheysaid_(be)true.5.Theteacherandwriter_(be)goingtogiveusatalk.,is,depends,aresearching,is,is,6.Readingaloud_(be)veryimportantinlearningEnglish.7.Twothirdsofthestudentsinourclass_(have)finishedtheirhomework.8.Class13_(do)notagreeontheplan.9.Thefamily_(watch)TVinthesittingroomnow.10.Nobody_(know)whoisgoingtowininthecompetition.,have,do,arewatching,knows,is,Neitherdog_big.(A.isB.are),Neitherofthem_big.(A.isB.are),A,Neitheroftherabbits_handsome.(A.isB.are),A/B,Neitherrabbit_handsome.(A.isB.are),A,A/B,2.代词作主语,neitherofnoneof,不可数名词,+可数名词（复）,neither+单数名词,谓语动词用单数或复数,Howtousenoneandneither,谓语动词用单数,谓语动词用单数,3.Neitherofus_(was/were)readywhenthepartybegan.4.Noneofthem_(has/have)watchedthetalkshow.,have/has,was/were,1.Noneofthesepeople_doctors.A.hasB.haveC.areD.was2.Neitherofthem_agoodsinger.A.areB.isC.wereD.isusedtobe,C,B,3.表示时间、距离、金钱等复数名词作主语，表达一个整体概念时,谓语动词则用单数形式;Sixtyyears_(be)alongtime.Fortykilograms_(be)nottooheavytobecarried.Fiftykilometers_(be)alongway.Onemilliondollars_(be)agreatsumofmoney.,is,is,is,is,Everymeans_beentriedsincethen.A.hasB.haveC.areD.is2.Nonews_goodnews.(is/are)3.Math/physics_thesubjectthatIlikemost.(is/are),4.以-s结尾的名词本身不表示复数意义，谓语通常用单数形式，如news,math,physics,theUnitedStates,works等作主语,谓语动词用单数形式;,is,is,has,are,is,注意在“oneof+复数名词+关系代词”的结构中,定语从句中谓语动词用复数形式；但是若前有theonly,将其限定为只有一个时,谓语动词用单数形式.,Tomisoneofthestudentswho_goodatplayingfootball.Tomistheonlyoneofthestudentswho_goodatplayingfootball.,5.定语从句中的主谓一致,1.Theboywho_readingisTomsbrother.2.Theboyswho_readingareTomsbrothers.3.I,who_yourteacher,wanttobeyourfriend.,is,are,am,I,who_(be)wrong,havenothingtosay.2.ZhouXiaisoneofthegirlswho_(like)music.3.ZhouXiaistheonlyoneofthegirlswho_(like)music.4.Anyonewho_(break)theruleshouldbepunished.,am,likes,like,breaks,4.theadj.作主语,theadj.,表示一类人，谓语动词用复数，如theold,theyoung,therich,thepoor等the+adj.,表示某个人或一类抽象的事物，谓语动词用单数，如thebeautiful,thegood等,are,are,was,is,Theold_takengoodcareofinoursociety.Therich_forthedecisionbutthepoorareagainstit.Thewounded_ayoungboy.Thebeautiful_notalwaysthesameasthegood.,就近原则,即谓语动词用单数形式还是用复数形式，取决于最靠近他的主语。,AorBNotAbutBEitherAorBNeitherAnorBNotonlyAbutalsoB,Verb,就近原则,我们教室里有一台电视机和56张桌子.Thereare56desksandonetelevisioninourclassroom.Thereisonetelevisionand56desksinourclassroom.,存在句:Therebe.结构,HereThere,+Verb,AandB,A,BandC,Notonlyyoubutalsohe_wrong.(is/are),Neitheryounorhe_right.(is/are),There_twoshopsandacinemabesidetherailwaystation.(is/are),Here_amapandahandbookforyou.(is/are),is,is,are,is,EitherTomoryou_goingtoBeijingthisweek.A.isB.wasC.areDwere,2.Nottheteacher，butthestudents_lookingforwardtoseeingthefilmAisBareCamDbe,3.NotonlyIbutalsoJaneandMary_tiredofhavingoneexaminationafteranotherA.isB.areCamDbe,4.Eitheryouoroneofyourstudents_toattendthemeetingtomorrow.A.AreB.isC.haveD.be,6.Eithersheoryou_goingtovisitBeijing.,A.isB.areCamDbe,5.NeithermywifenorImyself_abletopersuademydaughtertochangehermindAisB.areCamDbe,6.Manyaman_thestory.A.believesB.believe7.Morethanoneman_diedintheaccident.A.hasB.have8.Morethanfivemen_diedintheaccident.A.hasB.have,A,A,B,就远原则,“主语+附属结构”作主语，谓语与主语一致,当主语后面跟有aswellas,asmuchas,nolessthan,alongwith,with,like,ratherthan,togetherwith,but,except,besides,including等引导的词组时，其谓语动词的单、复数由主语的单、复数而定。,1.Theteacherwithtwostudents_atthemeeting.(was/were),2.E-mail,aswellasthetelephones,_animportantpartindailycommunication.,A.isplayingB.haveplayedC.areplayingD.play,was,A,就远原则,A谓语动词与第一个主语A保持一致Allbutone_(be)herejustnow.Alibrarywithfivethousandbooks_(be)offeredtothenationasagift.Apeasanttogetherwithsomesoldiers_(be)abouttohelpus.,withalongwithtogetherwithbesidesbutexceptincludingaswellasratherthan,B,were,is,is,1NobodybutBettyandMary_lateforclassyesterdayAwasBwereChasbeenDhavebeen2Awomanwithsomechildren_soonAiscomingBarecomingChascomeDhavecome3.Everything,includingtheclothes,_stolenthatevening.A.isB.wasC.areD.were,Exercises,4.Asaresultofdestroyingtheforests,alarge_ofdesert_coveredtheland.(上海）A.number;hasB.quantity;hasC.number;haveD.quantity;have,5._ofthelandinthatdistrict_coveredwithtreesandgrass.(上海2000)A.Twofifth,isB.Twofifth,areC.Twofifths,isD.Twofifths,are,12.-Eachofthestudents,workinghardathisorherlessons,_togotouniversity.-SodoI.（全国1998）A.hopesB.hopeC.hopingD.dohope,13._peopleintheworldaresendinginformationbye-maileveryday.（上海2001）A.SeveralmillionB.ManymillionsC.SeveralmillionsD.Manymillion,1.ProfessorSmith,alongwithhisassistant,_ontheprojectdayandnight.A.workB.workingC.isworkingD.areworking2NeithermywifenorImyself_abletopersuademydaughtertochangehermindAisBareCamDbe,Exercises:,3NotonlyIbutalsoJaneandMary_tiredofhavingoneexaminationafteranotherAisBareCamDbe4Nottheteacher，butthestudents_lookingforwardtoseeingthefilmAisBareCamDbe,5NobodybutBettyandMary_lateforclassyesterdayAwasBwereChasbeenDhavebeen6Awomanwithsomechildren_soonAiscomingBarecomingChascomeDhavecome,7.Nooneexceptmyparents_anythingaboutthis.AknowBknowsCisknownDareknown8.Theteacheraswellasthestudents_thebookalreadyAhasreadBhavereadCarereadingDisreading9Allbutone_intheaccidentAwaskilledBwerekilledCwillbekilledDarekilled,10.NotonlyIbutalsoJaneandMary_tiredofhavingoneexaminationafteranother.A.isB.areC.amD.be11.Alibrarywithfivethousandbooks_tothenationasagift.A.isofferedB.hasofferedC.areofferedD.haveoffered12.Whenandwheretobuildthenewfactory_yet.A.isnotdecidedB.arenotdecidedC.hasnotdecidedD.havenotdecided,13.Thenumberofpeopleinvited_fifty,butanumberofthem_absentfordifferentreasons.A.were;wasB.was;wasC.was;wereD.were;were14.E-mail,aswellastelephones,_animportantpartindailycommunication.A.isplayingB.haveplayedC.areplayingD.play15._ofthelandinthatdistrict_coveredwithtreesandgrass.A.Twofifth;isB.Twofifth;areC.Twofifths;isD.Twofifths;are,16.Noonebutherparents_it.A.knowB.knowsC.isknowingD.areknowing17.Theresultsoftheexaminat