Lecture 1 古希腊罗马神话 英文版 教学课件.ppt

Lecturer:PengXiaoling(彭晓玲),Mythology,Roman,ClassicalGreekand,3.Finalexam:50%,participation:40%,2.Class,10%,1.Classattendance:,Evaluation:,RequirementandEvaluation,afterclass,3.Extensivereading,class,participationinthe,2.Active,attendance,1.Punctual,Requirement:,AbouttheCourse,CourseDescriptionRecommendedReading,CourseDescription,GreekandRomanmythologyoneofthethreeoriginsofwesternculturehavingenormousinfluenceuponwesternliterature,arts,astronomy,sociallifeTherefore,thereissometruthinthesayingthatwithoutcertainknowledgeofGreekandRomanmythology,onecanneverfullyunderstandandappreciatewesternculture.(eg.literature,arts,character),SignificanceoftheCourse,Language,chaoticmartialPrometheanundertheaegisofJupiterlaughsatloversperjuries.FarfromJupiter,farfromthunder.WithoutCeresandBacchus,Venusgrowscold.,Literature,Shakespeare(1564-1616)TroilusandCressida(tragedy)VenusandAdonis(poem),Literature,Shelley(1792-1822)PrometheusUnboundHymnofApolloHymnofPanAdonis,KeatsEndymionOdetoPsyche,JamesJoyceUlysses(Odyssey),B.ONeillMourningBecomesElectra(Oresteia),Literature,GeorgeBernardShawPygmalion,原型理论(MythArchetypeTheory)Plato(427-347BCE)discussedhisForms,postulatingthatallobjectshaveanidealformorstructure.Inparticular,hetaughtthattheseFormswerepureorperfectobjectsofmathematicalorotherconceptualknowledge.Hefeltthatthesepureformsexistedonlyintherealmofknowledgeandneverintherealityofhumaneverydayexistence.Individualthingsintherealmofappearancearebeautifulonlyinsofarastheyparticipatein,correlatewith,orapproachinstructuretheseuniversalFormsofBeauty.,原型理论(MythArchetypeTheory)KarlJung(1875-1961)tooktheconceptofPlatosFormsfurtherandpresentedhisownTheoryofArchetypes.InJungianPsychologyanArchetypeisanunconsciousidea,patternofthought,image,etc.,inheritedfromtheancestorsoftheraceanduniversallypresentinindividualpsyches.Insimplertermswecouldbasicallyrefertoanarchetypeasaninstinct.Thatis,inessence,aninstinctualidea,patternofthought,image,etc.,inheritedfromtheancestorsoftheraceanduniversallypresentinindividualpsyches.WenowbelievethattheimageoftheidealhumanfaceisindeedanArchetype;asubconsciousimagewhichwearebornwithandcarrythroughoutourlives.,Thisarchetypehasevolvedinordertohelpusidentifymembersofourownspeciesandfurthersortmembersofourspeciesaccordingtotheirrelativehealthandabilitytosuccessfullyreproduceandtoprovideotherresourcestousandthosewhoareclosetous.Sotheythinkthestructuralelementofliteratureismyth,anditismyththatformsthearchetypesymbolofdifferentliteraturetypes.,1、女性神话原型,前俄林波斯神系2、男性神话原型俄林波斯神系,3、英雄原型,希腊神话以很大篇幅讲述英雄的故事。形成西方文学史的英雄主题：希腊神话英雄中世纪骑士英雄文艺复兴贵族英雄17世纪古典英雄19世纪前期平民英雄19世纪后期心理实验英雄20世纪现代反英雄,4、漂流原型,奥德修斯的故事开创西方文学的旅程文学传统。奥德赛埃涅阿斯纪中世纪骑士的旅程传奇神曲旅程小说堂吉诃德鲁滨逊漂流记巨人传哈克贝利芬历险记20世纪漫游小说,5、寻找原型,伊阿宋寻找金羊毛古希腊神话寻找金羊毛中世纪骑士传奇寻找圣杯文艺复兴时期巨人传寻找神瓶，流浪汉小说寻找父亲和争取生存权利19世纪俄国文学探求真理，寻找出路，托尔斯泰战争与和平安娜卡列尼娜复活20世纪文学寻找自我和寻找精神理想(美)索尔贝娄雨王亨德森,6、父子冲突原型,俄狄浦斯王杀父娶母父子冲突原型构成西方文学史的父亲主题，反映父权文化权威与反权威之间的矛盾冲突。古希腊神话子夺父位，杀父娶母莎士比亚哈姆雷特17世纪戏剧嘲笑、讽刺父亲，莫里哀伪君子19世纪嘲笑、仇视父亲，司汤达红与黑，巴尔扎克高老头20世纪文学报复追杀父亲，如法国罗伯-格里耶橡皮,7、母子冲突原型,俄瑞斯特斯杀母（阿伽门农的二女儿厄勒克特拉仇恨母亲杀死了父亲，鼓动弟弟俄瑞斯特斯杀死母亲）厄勒克特拉情结古希腊神话母恨子、子杀母哈姆雷特怨恨母亲20世纪文学的畸形母爱，英国劳伦斯儿子与情人哈姆雷特母子冲突.asx,8、两性冲突原型,美狄亚对丈夫伊阿宋的报复两性冲突原型形成西方文学史上的弃妇主题和平权主题。古希腊神话两大神系矛盾文艺复兴女性智慧的故事薄伽丘十日谈18世纪英国笛福摩尔弗兰德斯19世纪傲慢与偏见简爱娜娜安娜卡列尼娜玩偶之家20世纪英国劳伦斯小说美狄亚复仇.asx,二希腊神话原型,Saturn:GodofagricultureandfatherofJupiter,Astronomy,UrsaMajor,Constellation,UrsaMinor,Constellation,Lyra,Constellation,Hercules,Constellation,Orion,Constellation,Arts,DaVinci,1506,a16C.copyafteralostpaintingbyMichelangelo,1530(NationalGallery,London),LedaandtheSwan,Arts,JacopoCarucciPontormo1512-13意大利佛罗伦萨乌斐兹美术馆.jpg,大理石雕塑希腊古典时期,ApolloProgramPoseidonSubmarineTridentIor,theexpressionofreligiousmeaningthroughstoriesandsymbols,BasicPoints,Mythologyistheprimitiveschildishunderstandingoftheworldandlife.Mythologyisthecombinationofprimitivelifeandprimitivereligion.Mythologyishandeddownorallyfromgenerationtogeneration.,ZeusHeraAthenaApolloArtemisAphroditeAresHephaestusHermesDemeterDionysusPoseidonHadesPersephoneEros,JupiterJunoMinervaApolloDianaVenusMarsVulcanMercuryCeresBacchusNeptunePlutoProserpinaCupid,宙斯赫拉雅典娜阿波罗阿耳特弥斯阿弗洛迪特阿瑞斯赫菲斯托斯赫尔墨斯德墨特耳狄俄尼索斯波塞冬哈得斯珀耳塞福涅厄洛斯,朱庇特朱诺密涅瓦阿波罗迪安娜维纳斯马尔斯伏尔甘墨丘利克瑞斯巴克斯涅普顿普路同普洛塞庇娜丘比特,TheOlympians,Zeuszju:sHerahirAthenai:nApollopluArtemis:timisAphrodite.frdaitiAresri:zHephaestushifi:stsHermesh:mi:zDemeterdimi:tDionysus.dainaissPoseidonpsaidnHadesheidi:zPersephonep:sefniErosers,Jupiterdu:pitJunodu:nuMinervamin:vApollopluDianadainVenusvi:nsMarsm:zVulcanvlknMercurym:kjuriCeressiri:zBacchusbksNeptuneneptju:nPlutoplu:tuProserpinaprs:pinCupidkju:pid,TeachingPlan,FinalExam:inWeek16(notfinallydecided),ofOdysseus(3classes),PartIV:TheAdventures,classes),PartIII:TheTrojanWar(3,mythology(5classes),PartII:Heroesin,mythology(3classes),PartI:Thegodsin,坦巨神与其他次要神祗),godsandgoddesses(提,3.TheTitansandother,林匹斯诸神),2.TheOlympianGods(奥,warsintheheaven,(众神的起源)andthetwo,1.Theoriginofthegods,mythology(众神),PartI:Thegodsin,The1stLecture,Theoriginofthegods,calledtheTitans.(提坦巨神),producingchildrenwhowere,GaeamatedwithUranus,andheaven.(天神乌拉诺斯),whobecamekingofthesky,toCaelus(Uranus/Ouranos),Gaeaimmediatelygavebirth,(Gaea),theearth.(地母该亚),FromChaoscameTerra,allthings(混沌之神),thegodChaos:thesourceof,(天王星,太阳系第七大行星),Caelus(Uranus),Terra(Gaea),Chaos,Theoriginofthegods,wasborn.,love,beautyandfertility(多产),Aphrodite,goddessofsexual,Fromthebloodyfoam(泡沫),intothesea.,sexualorgansandthrewthem,sickle(镰刀)andcutoffhis,Cronusattackedhimwitha,preventedthemfrombeingborn.,Caelusfearedhischildrenand,inRomanMyth萨图恩,土星),andmostimportantTitan(Saturn,Cronus(克洛诺斯):theyoungest,The1stWar,theirbirth.,Poseidon,immediatelyafter,Demeter,Hera,Hades,and,fivechildrenHestia,Butheswallowedhisfirst,sons.,threedaughtersandthree,(Rhea瑞亚),whoborehim,HemarriedhissisterOps,andbecamekingofthesky.,TitansfrominsideTerra,Cronusthenfreedtheother,The2ndWar,Th,whileinsidetheirfather.,whohadgrownintoadults,Cronustovomithischildren,Byusingatrick,hecaused,challengehisfather.,Afterhegrewup,hereturnedto,babyontheislandofCrete.,babyclothes,whilehidingthe,Cronusastonewrappedin,wasborn,Ops(Rhea)handed,However,whenthesixth,Zeus,Zeus,therebecameknownasOlympians.,Thegodsandgoddesseswholived,Olympus,innorthernGreece.,rulerandlivedwiththemonMount,ThenZeuswaschosenastheir,洛斯,冥界的最深处).,deepwithintheUnderworld(塔耳塔,TitanstoTartarus,adarkregion,Theywonthewar,drivingthe,Titans.,awaragainstCronusandtheother,Zeusledhisbrothersandsistersin,The2ndWar,Th,interment:(-ment)埋葬，葬礼,inter:(in-入内,ter=terr)入土，埋葬,terrestrial:(-ial的)地球上的，陆上的,的，地中海,Mediterranean:(medi-中间)被陆地包围,田,terrace:(-ace名词后缀)平台，阳台梯,exterritorial:(ex-外)治外法权的,territorial:(-al的)领土的,territory:(-ory名词后缀)领土，领地,terr=earth,land表示“土地”,Terra:地母,Vocabulary,chaos混乱，混沌（宇宙未形成前的情形,andpeaceofRomesmythicalGoldenAge.,Saturn,foritappearstoevoketheprosperity,theSaturnaliaisanappropriatefestivalto,ofgiftgiving,feasting,andmerriment.Indeed,celebratedduringthewinter,anditwasatime,Saturn-theSaturnalia.Thisfestivalwas,TherewasevenaRomanfestivalnamedafter,agriculture.,wasthoughtofasagodoffertilityand,howtofarmtheland.ForthisreasonSaturn,agriculturetohispeoplebyteachingthem,Accordingtothemyth,Saturnintroduced,下劳动，受到主人的殷勤招待。,日在冬至前后，罗马人纵情欢庆，奴仆和长工们停,那里成了农神撒图恩，他的节日被称作农神节。节,按照罗马神话传说,克洛诺斯逃到意大利地界，在,Saturn:Saturday,Vocabulary,TheOlympianGods（奥林匹斯诸神）TheOlympianswere12innumber.Zeus(宙斯):thegodofthesky.Hera(赫拉):thegoddessofmarriageandchildbirth.Poseidon(波塞冬):thegodofthesea,protector.Hades(哈迪斯):thegodthedeadandwealth.Hestia(赫斯提亚):thegoddessoftheHearth(灶台).Ares(阿瑞斯):thegodofwar.Hermes(赫尔墨斯):thegodofthievesandcommerce.Hephaestus(赫斯菲托斯):thegodoffireandtheforge(熔炉).Apollo(阿波罗):thegodoflight.Artemis(阿尔忒弥斯):thegoddessofchastity,virginity,thehunt,themoon,andthenaturalenvironment.Athena(雅典娜):theGreekvirgingoddessofreason,intelligentactivity,artsandliterature.Aphrodite(阿弗洛狄德):thegoddessoflove,desireandbeauty.,Zeus.-波塞冬,earthquakes;brotherof,Godoftheseaand,Poseidon(Neptune尼普顿):,protectorofmarriedwomen.,marriageandchildbirth;,thegods;goddessof,Hera(Juno朱诺):Queenof,hissisterHera.,ofthegods,marriedwith,Zeus(Jupiter朱庇特):Ruler,number.,TheOlympianswere12in,),TheOlympianGods(,B.lustfulandlecherous,mercy,A.thegodofjusticeand,Twoverydifferentimages:,树)weresacredtohim.,Theeagleandtheoaktree(橡,thunderbolt(闪电).,weaponswerethunderand,Asaskyandweathergod,his,knowing,Zeus:all-powerfulandall-,Zeus,(Heracles).,andtoAlcmeneasherownhusband,Danaeasashowerofgold(Perseus),(twins:HelenandPolydeuces),to,(threesons),toLedaasaswan,HecametoEuropaasawhitebull,hefrequentlydisguisedhimself.,Whenheapproachedmortalwomen,Artemis,Hermes,andDionysus.,becamethefatherofAthena,Apollo,Inhisaffairswiththeformer,he,goddessesandmortalwomen.,numerousloveaffairswith,Asafaithlesshusband,hehas,Zeus:theuniversallover,Pluto(冥王星),Naptune(海王星),Uranus(天王星),Saturn(土星),Jupiter(木星),Mars(火星),Earth(地球),Venus(金星),Mercury(水星),solarsystem:,Nineplanetsofthe,格,词形容圣诞老人的性,心情快活的，常用该,jovial:脾气随和的，,调),ByJove!(表惊讶或强,Jove:Jupiter的别称，,威严、高傲或冷峻的,olympian:如天神般,Vocabulary,Hera:afuriousandrevengefulwife,H,companion,boreAresandHebe.,5.Hera-becamehispermanent,andArtemis.,4.Leto-borethetwins,Apollo,whobecametheMuses.,3.Titaness-boreninechildren,Eunomia,Horae,andFates.,2.Themis-boreDike,Eirene,wifeandsheboreAthena.,1.Metos(wisdom)-washisfirst,borehimmanychildren.,Zeushadanumberofwiveswho,with100eyestowatchoverher.,giftandthenorderedArgus,agiant,youngcow,butHeraaskedforitasa,Zeuschangedherintoabeautiful,wasturnedoutofthepalace.,begantohavehorribledreamsandshe,WhenZeusfellinlovewithhershe,ofArgos(阿耳戈斯国王的女儿).,Io(伊娥):thedaughterofInachus,king,Zeusmistressesandtheirchildren.,Shebitterlyhatedandcruellytreated,marriedHeracles.,fire;Hebe,goddessofyouth,who,ofwar;Hephaestus(Vulcan),godof,HerchildrenincludedAres(Mars),god,protectorofmarriedwomen,Hera:thegoddessofmarriageandthe,Hera:afuriousandrevengefulwife,Epahus,theancestorofmanykings.,InEgypt,Iogavebirthtoason,woman.,whereZeuschangedherbackintoa,earth,untilshefoundpeaceinEygpt,Ioandforcedhertowanderoverthe,Butthegadflycontinuedtotorment,andkilledthegiant.,closed,Hermesproducedasword,Afterhefallasleepwithallhiseyes,begantoplayhislyre.,Hermescameclosetohim,and,ZeussentHermestokillArgus.,tostinghercontinuously.,Besides,shealsosentagadfly(牛虻),Herasrevenge,timeforittobeborn.,Dionysusandhidhiminhisthigh(大腿)untilitwas,However,Zeuswasabletorescueherunbornchild,burnedtoashesbythelightningfromhim.,ThenasshegazedatZeusinallhisglory,shewas,hewasverysad,butcouldnotbreakhispromise.,Butwhenhewastoldwhatshewantedhimtodo,“Couldyoudomeafavor?”,magnificence.,askZeustovisitherintheformofagodwithallhis,formofahumanbeing,shepersuadedSemeleto,Herawasjealousoftheloveaffairandtakingthe,withachildbyZeus.,Harmonia,kingandqueenofTh