被动语态讲解

,被动语态专项讲练,Thepassivevoice被动语态被动语态基本用法当句子的主语是动作的执行者时，谓语的形式是主动语态。当句子的主语是动作的承受者时，谓语要用被动语态。被动语态由be+过去分词构成，时态通过be表现出来。,各种句型的被动形式,肯定句主语+be+过去分词+（by）否定句主语+benot+过去分词+（by）一般疑问句Be+主语+过去分词+(by)?特殊疑问句疑问词+be+主语+过去分词+（by）？,注意：这里be的形式决定了被动语态的时态，其后的过去分词没有变化。,重点内容,主动句与被动句之间的转换Weboughtsomebooks.主语+谓语动词过去式的主动语态+宾语Somebookswerebought(byus)主语+谓语动词过去式的被动语态+介词+宾语,将下列句子由主动句变为被动句或由被动句变为主动句：,ZhengJieinventedthisspecialpen.变被动句,2)ThebikewasfixedupbyJimmy.变主动句,3)Peopleusesunglassestoprotecttheireyes.,4)Teachersallowstudentstoputuphandsinclass.,ThisspecialpenwasinventedZhengJie.,Jimmyfixedupthebike,Sunglassesareused(bypeople)toprotecteyes.,Studentsareallowed(byteachers)toputuphandsinclass.,1.Theymakeshoesinthatfactory.主语+及物动词+宾语,Shoesaremade(bythem)inthatfactory.一般现在时：,变为被动语态,S(主语）+am/is/are+过去分词,TheyplayfootballonSunday.Lucydoesthehomeworkintheevening.Theyoftenusecomputersinclass.WemakethesemachinesinBeijing.,FootballisplayedbythemonSunday.,ThehomeworkisdonebyLucyintheevening.,Computersareoftenusedbytheminclass.,ThesemachinesaremadeinBeijing.,2.Theyboughttencomputerslastterm,Tencomputerswerebought(bythem)lastterm.,一般过去时：,S+was/were+过去分词,Theybuiltthetallbuildinglastyear.Hetookgoodcareofhislittlebrotheryesterday.Wecleanedourclassroomjustnow.Theyusedthisroomforresting.,Thetallbuildingwasbuiltbythemlastyear.,Hislittlebrotherwastakengoodcareofbyhimyesterday.,Ourclassroomwascleanedbyusjustnow.,Thisroomwasusedforrestingbythem.,3.Theywillfinishtheworkintendays.,Theworkwillbefinished(bythem)intendays.,一般将来时：S+will+be+过去分词,Wewillholdasportsmeetingnextweek.Childrenwilltakesomephotosintheschoolyardtomorrow.Theheadmasterwillgiveatalkthisafternoon.,Asportsmeetingwillbeheldbyusnextweek.,Somephotoswillbetakenbychildrenintheschooltomorrow.,Atalkwillbegivenbytheheadmasterthisafternoon.,4AmycantakegoodcareofGina,GinacanbetakengoodcareofbyAmy.,情态动词：S+can/may/must/should+be+过去分词,1.Hecantakecareofthebaby.2.Lucymaydrawthepictures.3.Youmustturnoffthelights.4.TheyshouldlearnEnglishwell.,Thebabycanbetakencareofbyhim.,ThepicturemaybedrawnbyLucy.,Thelightsmustbeturnedoffbyyou.,Englishshouldbelearnedwellbythem.,Exercises：1.ManypeoplespeakEnglish.2.Peopleusedknivesforcuttingthings.3.Wecanusetheboxasatable.4.Weshouldcleantheclassroomeveryday.5.Shewillrepairthebiketomorrow.,Englishisspokenbymanypeople.Knivesareusedbypeopleforcuttingthings.Theboxcanbeusedbyusasatable.Theclassroomshouldbecleanedbyuseveryday.Thebikewillberepairedbyhertomorrow.,Someworkersarepaintingtheroomsnow,Theroomsarebeingpaintedbysomeworkersnow.现在进行时：S+am/is/are+being+过去分词,Wehavemadetwentymorekeys,Twentymorekeyshavebeenmadebyus.现在完成时：S+have/has+been+过去分词,1.Lucyiswateringthetrees.ThetreesarebeingwateredbyLucy.2.Wehavefinishedourcompositions.Ourcompositionshavebeenfinishedbyus.,各种时态的被动语态构成,一般现在时：一般过去时：一般将来时：情态动词：现在进行时：过去进行时现在完成时：过去完成时：,S+am/is/are+done,S+can/may/must/should+be+done,S+will+be+done,S+was/were+being+done,S+have/has+been+done,S+was/were+done,各种时态的被动语态构成,S+am/is/are+being+过去分词,S+had+been+done,主动语态变被动语态的步骤（宾主换，谓被动）1、主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语；2、主动句的谓语动词变为被动结构；3、主动句的主语变为被动句的宾语，由by引出，当不强调动作的执行者时，常省略。,英语有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态主动语态表示是动作的执行者被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者Catseatfish.（主动语态）猫吃鱼。Fishiseatenbycats.(被动语态)鱼被猫吃。被动语态的构成由“助动词be及物动词的过去分词”构成助动词be有人称、数和时态的变化，其变化规则与be作为连系动词时完全一样。,知识点,各种句型的被动形式,肯定句主语+be+过去分词+（by）否定句主语+benot+过去分词+（by）一般疑问句Be+主语+过去分词+(by)?特殊疑问句疑问词+be+主语+过去分词+（by）？,注意：这里be的形式决定了被动语态的时态，其后的过去分词没有变化。,重点内容,各种时态的被动语态构成,一般现在时：一般过去时：一般将来时：情态动词：现在进行时：过去进行时现在完成时：过去完成时：,S+am/is/are+done,S+can/may/must/should+be+done,S+will+be+done,S+was/were+being+done,S+have/has+been+done,S+was/were+done,各种时态的被动语态构成,S+am/is/are+being+过去分词,S+had+been+done,Exercises：1.ManypeoplespeakEnglish.2.Peopleusedknivesforcuttingthings.3.Wecanusetheboxasatable.4.Weshouldcleantheclassroomeveryday.5.Shewillrepairthebiketomorrow.,Englishisspokenbymanypeople.Knivesareusedbypeopleforcuttingthings.Theboxcanbeusedbyusasatable.Theclassroomshouldbecleanedbyuseveryday.Thebikewillberepairedbyhertomorrow.,被动语态的句式：肯定句：主语+情态动词+be+动词的过去分词否定句:主语+情态动词+not+be+动词的过去分词一般疑问句:情态动词+主语+be+动词的过去分词？Yes,主语+情；No,主语+情+not,肯定句:Yourhomeworkshouldbefinishedbyyourself.Itcanbeusedforwriting.否定句：Bookscantbetakenoutofthereadingroom.Teenagersshouldnotbeallowedtogooutatnight.疑问句:Shouldyoungtreesbewateredeveryday?Wherecanthebookbebought?反意疑问句：Sixteen-year-oldsshouldbeallowedtochoosetheirownclothes,shouldntthey?,使用被动语态应注意的几个问题1.主动语态不带to的变为被动语态，须加上“to”hear、listentomake、let、have、watch、see,lookat,notice、feel、help,等。例：makesbdosthsb+be+madetodosthseesbdosthsb+be+seentodosthAgirlsawTomfalloffthetree.Tomwasseentofalloffthetreebyagirl.Thebossmadetheworkersworkhard.?Theworkersweremadetoworkhard.,2.“双宾语”改被动语态，直接宾语(物)作主语，那么动词后要用介词.(这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定)pass、bring、buy、show、send、give、cook等。把指“人”的间接宾语变主语，“物”不变。Hegavemeabook.变直接宾语加to.变间接宾语不加Iwasgivenabook(byhim).Abookwasgiventome(byhim).Heshowedmeaticket.Iwasshownaticket(byhim).Aticketwasshowntome(byhim).Myfatherboughtmeanewbike.Iwasboughtanewbike(bymyfather).Anewbikewasboughtforme(bymyfather).,间接宾语,直接宾语,5.什么时候不加by注意：1)不知道谁是执行者eg:Hisnewcarwasstolen.2)情调动作的承受着而不是执行者eg:Thecarwasparkedinfrontofthisshop.3)礼貌及委婉语气eg:AlltheworkmustbefinishedbeforeMay.,“主动”表“被动”常见的三种情况,（1）表示某物自身内在特点，主动表示被动。常见：Thispenwriteswell.Theshirtwasheswell.Thisnewbooksellswell.Thedoorwontwork.Theshopopens/closesat8:00am.注意区别：Theshirtisbeingwashednow.汉译？,(2)有些词如want,need,require和beworth后面，V-ing形式为主动，意义为被动。如：Theroomneeds/wants/requirescleaning.=Theroomneeds/wants/requiredtobecleand.Thebookisworthreading.,(3)句型“主语+be+形容词+todo”，“主语”是“不定式”的“逻辑宾语”，通常用不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。这类形容词有：easy，difficult，heavy，hard，nice，dangerous,light,interestingimportant，expensive，fit，comfortable，impossible等。ThepictureispleasanttolookatThechairiscomfortabletositonTheworkisimpossibletofinish.注意：当不定式中的动词是不及物动词时，要根据需要补充相应的介词。Thepeniscomfortabletowritewith.,无被动语态的动词：不及物动词无被动happen,belongto,suit,fit(适合),have,let,join,fall,last（延长）,cost,breakout（爆发）appear,burstout(迸发)，hold(容纳)，lack（缺乏），agreewithThisroomcanhold500people.TaiwanbelongstoChina.TheT-shirtfitsmeverywell,anditonlycost20yuan.SARSbrokeoutinChinathatyear.Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthelasttenyearsinchina.,get/havesth.done含被动(找人做某事)十六岁的孩子不应该打耳洞。Sixteen-year-oldsshouldnotbeallowedtogettheirearspierced.Ishouldgetmyshoesrepaired.Heshouldhavehishaircut.Letsgettheworkdone.,口诀1：宾提前变主，主变介by宾，被动be加done,时态看主动。口诀2：如遇双宾语，最好变间宾，如若变直宾语后加to/for(pass,lend,buy,write,bring,show,tell)口诀3：有些动词真奇怪，主动句中to离开，被动句中to回来。两听，两感觉，三做，四看Hemademedothework.Iwasmadetodotheworkbyhim.口诀4.含动词词组的被动语态，须将其看作一个整体，不可把它们分隔开来。Theytakegoodcareofthebaby.Thebabyistakengoodcareofbythem,中考挑战,各种时态的被动结构练习,1、TheChinesefood_tobethehealthiestintheworld.A.considersB.isconsideringC.isconsideredD.hasconsidered2、John_,forhewentswimmingyesterdaywithoutpermission.wouldpunishedB.hadpunishedC.punishedD.waspunished3、-Haveyoumovedintothenewhouse?-Notyet.Rooms_.A.arepaintingB.arepaintedC.arebeingpaintingD.arebeingpainted,一般时态：am/is/are+过去分词,现在进行时态：am/is/are+being+过去分词,过去时态：was/were+过去分词,4、Mr.Wuwasinhospital.whenwewenttoseehim,he_on.A.operatedB.wasoperatedC.wasoperatingD.wasbeingoperated5、Thenewschool_whenthenewtermbegins.A.finishesB.willfinishC.willbefinishedD.wouldfinish6、Theoldscientistsaidthathe_tovisittheircountrybeforelong.A.invitedB.hadinvitedC.wasinvitingD.wouldbeinvited,过去进行时态：was/were+being+过去分词,一般将来时态：will+be+过去分词,过去将来时态：would+be+过去分词,7、WiththehelpoftheHopeProject,moreandmorenewschools_inthepoorarea.A.builtB.havebuiltC.havebeenbuiltD.havebeenbuilding8、Hecameoutandtoldusthatthework_.A.finishedB.wasfinishedC.hadfinishedD.hadbeenfinished9、Theprogrammes_easilyifyouuseashortwaveradio.A.canpickupB.pickupC.pickedupD.canbepickedup,现在完成时态：have/has+been+过去分词,过去完成时态：had+been+过去分词,情态动词：情态动词+be+过去分词,中考真题链接,1.IfeelveryhappythatI_tobethehost.Congratulations!(07江西)A.chooseB.amchosenC.waschosenD.havenchosen2.TodayChinese_bymoreandmorepeoplearoundtheworld.(07北京)A.wasspokenB.isspokenC.spokeD.speak,3(课改实验区考生做)(07重庆)YourhometownhaschangedalotYes.Takealookatthesetallbuildings.They_lastyearA.buildBbuiltC.wasbuiltDwerebuilt(非课改实验区考生做)Whyistheclassroomsodirty?Sorry,sir.It_yesterdayWeforgottodoitA.dontcleanB.didntcleanC.werentcleanedD.wasntcleaned,中考被动语态考题1.Theriversmellsterrible.Peoplemust_dirtythingintoit.(南京市中考题）AbestoppedtothrowBbestoppedfromthrowingCstoptothrowDstopfromthrowing2.Thisbook_often_fromthelibrary.(北京市中考题）Aarent，takeawayBtaken，awayCisnt，takenawayDbe，takenaway3.He_(tell)toreturnhisbookstothelibraryyesterday.(黄冈市中考题）,wastold,5.Anotherman-madesatellitewassentupintospacebythemlastweek(济南市中考题）anotherman-madesatelliteintospacelastweek.变主动语态7.Peoplethereplantedmanytreeslastyear.Trees_bypeopletherelastyear.(青岛市中考题）8.Theygrowvegetablesonthefarm.Thevegetables_onthefarm（上海市中考题）,T,Theysentup,wereplanted,aregrown,9.TheteacheraskedTomtoturnonthecomputer.Tom_toturnonthecomputer.10.Inthisfactorywomendomostofthework.Mostofthework_bywomeninthisfactory,wasasked,isdone,11.MrLiwillgiveusalectureontheWesternculture,butwhenandwhere_yet.(2007浙江卷)A.hasntbeendecidedB.haventdecidedC.isntbeingdecidedD.arentdecided,Drills：A:1.ItsuddenlysnowedwhileMary_forthebus.A.waitedB.waitsC.waswaitingD.waswaited2.Abigpowerstation()_inmyhometownnow.A.hasbeenbuiltB.isbeingbuiltC.hasbuiltD.isbuilding.3.Stamps_bypeopleforsendingletters.A.useB.usingC.usedD.areused.4.Mustoldpeople_topolitely?A.speakB.spokenC.bespokeD.bespoken,C,B,D,D,5.Bikemustnt_everywhere.A.beupB.beputC.putC.putting6.Thewomanfelloffthebikeand_ontheroad.A.layB.waslainC.liedD.haslain7.Theoldmanandthechildren_inourcountry.A.musttakegoodcareB.mustbetakegoodcareofC.musttakegoodcareofDmustbetakengoodcareof8.GrannyWangtoldthelittlechildrenthatthesun_Fromtheeast.A.hasrisenB.riseC.risesD.isrisen,B,A,D,C,9.Alltreesmust_wellwhenitisdry.A.bewaterB.wateringC.waterD.bewatered10._Ithinktheshop_._No,itsopen.It_atsix.11.Yesterdayavisitor_somethingabouthometown.A.askedB.willbeaskedC.wasaskedD.hasbeenasked.12ThisbikeismadeinAmerica.Its_fortravelling.A.useB.usingC.touseD.used,D,D,C,D,一、单项选择1._anewlibrary_inourschoollastyear?A.Is;builtB.Was;builtC.Does;buildD.Did;build2.Anaccident_onthisroadlastweek.hasbeenhappenedB.washappenedC.ishappenedD.happened3.Cotton_inthesoutheastofChina.A.isgrownB.aregrownC.growsD.grow4.AtalkonChinesehistory_intheschoolhallnextweek.A.isgivenB.hasbeengivenC.willbegivenD.gives5.Howmanytrees_thisyear?A.areplantedB.willplantC.havebeenplanteD.planted,6.Neitherofthem_inChina.A.ismadeB.aremadeC.weremadeD.made7.Yourshoes_.Youneedanewpair.A.wearoutB.wornoutC.arewornoutD.isworn8.Thedoctor_foryet.A.isntsentB.hasntbeensentC.wontbesentD.wasntsent9.-When_thiskindofcomputers_?-Lastyear.A.did;useB.was;usedC.is;usedD.are;used10.TheGreatWall_allovertheworld.A.knowsB.knewC.isknownD.wasknown11.I_insummer.BornB.wasbornC.havebeenbornD.amborn12.HesaysthatMrZhang_tothefactorynextweek.,A.issentB.wouldsendC.wassentD.willbesent13.Who_thisbook_?A.did;writtenB.was;writtenbyC.did;writtenD.was;written14.Mary_showmehernewdictionary.A.hasaskedtoB.wasaskedtoC.isaskedD.asksto15.Astory_byGrannyyesterday.A.wastoldusB.wastoldtousC.istoldusD.toldus16.Themonkeywasseen_offthetree.A.jumpB.jumpsC.jumpedD.tojump17.Theschoolbag_behindthechair.A.PutsB.canbeputC.canbeputtedD.canput,18.Olderpeople_well.A.looksafterB.mustbelookedafterC.mustlookafterD.lookedafter19.Ourteacher_carefully.A.shouldbelistenedtoB.shouldbelistenC.belistenedD.islistened20.HearrivedinBeijing,wherehe_hisfriend.A.wasmetbyB.wasmetC.wasmeetingD.metby21.MybrotherandIhave_herbirthdayparty.A.beeninvitedB.beeninvitedforC.invitedtoD.beeninvitedto22._Chaplin.A.ThechildsnamewascalledB.ThechildsnamecallsC.ThechildcallsD.Thechildisnamed,23.Thenewhallisthetallestbuildinginthistown._fromhere?A.CanitseeB.CanitbeseenC.CanitseenD.Cansee24.Youngtrees_wellwhenitisdry.AwaterBwatersCmustbewateredDwerewatered25.Thesebooks_outofthereadingroom.Youhavetoreadthemhere.AcanttakeBmustbetakenCcantakeDmustntbetaken26.Weknowthatthiskindofbike_inSuzhou.AismadeBmakesCismakingDaremade27.Whenallthework_.Youmaygobackhome.AfinishesBhasfinishedCisfinishedDarefinished,28.English_inmanycountries.isspeakingB.isspokenC.speaksD.hasspoken29.Thecomputer_ITaiwanin1999.A.ismadeB.makesC.wasmadeD.made30.Theflowersarewatered_UncleWangeveryday.A.ofB.byC.atD.for31.Hisletter_soon.A.willfinishB.isfinishedC.wasfinishedD.willbefinished32.Anewlabbuilding_inourschoolinayear.A.putsB.willputupC.wasputupD.willbeputup33.Mybirds_byoneofmybestfriendswhen,Imaway.A,willbelookafterB.willbelookedafterC.belookedafterD.willbeenlookafter34.Myfather_nottosmokeanymore.A.toldB.tellsC.aretoldD.istold35.Thebirthdaycakeis_.A.eatinweB.eatwithusC.eatenbyweD.eatenbyus36.Doyouknow_?A,whothepaperisinvitedB.whothepaperwasinventedC.whothepaperisinventedbyD.whothepaperwasinventedby37.Thesportsmeeting_lastweekend.,A,isholdingB.isheldC.washeldD.wereheld38.Theguests_aroundthecitythisSunday.A.areshownB.willshowC.werebeshownD.willbeshown39.AtalkonChinesehistory_inourschoolnextweek.A.isgivenB.hasbeengivenC.willbegivenD.willgive40.Ifthecatdoesntrunfastenough,is_bythedog.A.writingB.writtenC.wroteD.writes二、把下列句子改成被动语态,1.必须照看好孩子们。Thechildrenmustbetakengoodcareof2.这本书是鲁迅写的。/。ThisbookwaswrittenbyLuXun3.昨天那支笔是他给我的Thatpencilwasgiventomebyhimyesterday4.这辆自行车能修吗？Canthisbikebemended?5.街道已由他们清理了。Thestreethasbeencleanedbythem.,1.PrintingwasintroducedintoEuropefromChina.2.WhowasthefilmtheGoldenCompassdirectedby?3.Heisthoughttobeagoodteacher.4.SheisreputedtobethebestsingerinEurope.,印刷术是由中国传入欧洲的。,黄金罗盘是由谁执导的？,他被认为是个好老师。,据说，她是全欧洲最好的歌唱家。,1.Didhebreakthewindowyesterday?thewindowyesterday?2.Someonetookawaythebooksyesterday.3.WewillholdasportsmeetinginSeptember.4.Thenursetookgoodcareoftheba