unit 9 confessions of a miseducated manppt课件

.,Unit9ConfessionsofaMiseducatedMan,.,Thinkaboutit,Doyouthinkwearemiseducatedstudents?andinwhatwaydoyouthinkwearemiseducated?,.,JournalistAuthorProfessorWorldpeaceadvocate,NormanCousins(June24,1915November30,1990),Author,.,HewasoneofthefoundersofpublictelevisionintheU.S.andaformerchairmanofthePulitzerPrizejuryinliterature.For35yearshewaseditoroftheSaturdayReviewofLiterature(laterrenamedSaturdayReview)duringwhichhewroteeditoriallyonawiderangeoftopicsrelatingtonationalandinternationalissues.,Hewasnamed“AuthoroftheYear”bytheSocietyofAuthorsandJournalistsin1980andheldhonorarydegreesinliterature,science,andlawfrom49collegesanduniversities.HecarriedoutdiplomaticmissionsabroadaspersonalemissaryforPresidentsEisenhower,Kennedy,andJohnson.,.,AmongthenumerousawardshereceivedaretheUnitedNationsPeaceMedal,theAmericanPeaceAward,theFamilyofManAward,theEleanorRooseveltPeaceAward,thePersonalMedallionofPopeJohnXXIII,andtheCityofHiroshimaAwardforheadingtheprojectthatdeliveredmedicalandsurgicaltreatmenttovictimsoftheatomicbombingofHiroshima.,HediedofheartfailureonNovember30,1990,inLosAngeles,California,havingsurvivedyearslongerthanhisdoctorspredicted,.,Beliefinworldgovernance:Hebelievedthatenduringworldpeacecouldonlybeachievedthrougheffectiveworldgovernance.Beliefinworldfederalism:Hearguedforaworldnolongerbasedonthesupremacyofnationalismandothersuperficialdifferences.,.,Contributionstopeaceandhumanwell-being:HearrangedformedicaltreatmentinUSAfor25youngJapanesewomenwhocametobeknownasthe“HiroshimaMaidens”;helpedsupportthemedicalcareof400Japanesechildrenorphanedbytheatomicbomb;withhiswife,legallyadoptedoneoftheMaidens;helpedcreateaprogramforthe“35PolishwomenwhohadbeenvictimsofNazimedicalexperimentsduringthewar”.,.,“HiroshimaMaidens”,.,Structure,PartI(para.1-4),InwhatwayIwasmiseducated.,Whythiseducationwasinadequate.,Whatkindofeducationweneed.,Whatthisneweducationmaybringabout.,PartII(paras.5-7),PartIII(paras.8-10),PartIV(paras.11),.,Thenatureof:kindof;similarto他的请求好像是命令。Hisrequestwasinthenatureofacommand.bynature就其本质而言,天生地natively他天生喜欢绘画。Helikespaintingbynature.truetonature：vivid;livelyThisoil-paintingistruetonature.pay（answer,obey）acallofnature:gototoilete.g.:ExcusemeforaminuteImustpayacallofnaturebeforeweleave.,.,confession:theactofadmittingthatyouhavedonesomethingthatyouareashamedoforembarrassedabout.makeaconfession:招供坦白Ihavebecomemostawareofmylackofaproperbe/becomeawareof:意识到，明白，了解他好像没有意识到这个问题。Hedoesntseemtobeawareoftheproblems.asfarasImaware据我所知,.,see,comprehend,understand,appreciate1.see的基本意思可指一般视觉的“看见”,也可指有意识地“观察”,引申可表示由观察而“领会”“理解”。prehend指用智力充分而完全地理解事物的内在含义。例如:那孩子看了这篇故事,但没有理解它的全部意思。Thechildreadthestorybutdidntcomprehenditsfullmeaning.如果你能正确、有效地使用一个词,你就是了解它了。Ifyoucanuseawordcorrectlyandeffectivelyyoucomprehendit.,.,3.understand则是明白别人说的话,完全了解某种事实。例如:这封信我已经看过了,可是看不懂。IvereadtheletterbutIdontunderstandit.4.appreciate指对某物有较深的理解能力,强调“欣赏”。例如:我不会欣赏古典音乐。Iamincapableofappreciatingclassicalmusic.,.,forwhichmyeducationmighthavebeenadequate,enoughorgoodenoughforaparticularpurposeorneed;havingthenecessaryabilityorqualities我们有足够的食物可以做一星期的旅行。Wehadadequatefoodforaweeksjourney.Ihopehewillbeadequatetothejob.我希望他将胜任这一工作。,.,enough,adequate,ample,sufficient这组词都有“足够的”意思。其区别在于：1.enough为一般用语,有时可与adequate互换。enough常偏重表示数量或程度;而adequate既可用于描述数量或程度,也可用于描述性质、质量。2.adequate表示“仅够满足”“恰好满足”;enough和sufficient还可表示足够满足;而ample表示充足而有余,即amplesufficientenoughadequate。3.sufficient与enough同义,确切程度比enough大,前者多用于需要的满足,后者则多用于欲望的满足;前者多用于书面语,后者多用于口语。,.,Geographyhadinstructedmeindifferencesofterraininstructsb.inasubject/skill:toteachsb.sth.威廉博士教我们植物学。Dr.Williamsinstructsusinbotany.,.,instruct,educate,school,teach,train这组词的共同意思是“教”,指向学生传授知识、技能等,但含义和用法上有所区别：1.teach的概念最广泛,意义最普通,可以指讲授一门课程,也可指传授一种技能,也可能仅指帮助别人能解决一些问题或处理事情。而instruct,educate,train和school则各有其侧重点。instruct强调的是“系统性”;educate强调的是“总体性”;train强调的是“方向性”,而school强调的则是“严格性”。现分述如下：,.,instruct与teach的区别在于其“系统性”,即“系统教授”,内容上是系统的知识,方法上是连续地、正式地。例如:威廉博士教代数课Dr.Wcate比teach更为正式,强调的是教育的总目标和培养结果,内容很广泛,所花的时间也较长,教育的内容不仅是知识,更多的是做人的道理,如：世界观、性格、品质等。例如:有些学校只教给学生知识,却忽略了育人。Someschoolsteach,butfailtoeducatetheirstudents.,.,train指的“教育”带有明显的方向性,或者造就某方面需要的人才,或者是训练某种特殊技能,以达到体力极佳、智力极强、反应极敏锐,从而迅速地胜任某种工作、任务或参加某比赛,也可以用于驯服动物或使植物向某方向生长。在训练方法上,train指由易到难,循序渐进,在这一点上与instruct有些接近。例如:他们在这所学校里得到训练,成为兽医。Theyweretrainedasanimaldoctorsinthisschool.,.,school强调教育和训练的严格性,指在某一方面进行特别严格的训练,也指学会忍耐难以忍受之事或锻炼和严格约束自己处理一些复杂困难事情的意思。例如:她在外语方面受到过严格训练。Shewasschooledinforeignlanguages.家长们严格教育子女们讲礼貌。Theparentsschooledtheirchildreninpoliteness.Hewasschooledbylifeitself.生活本身锻炼了他。,.,2.teach和instruct在用法上也不同,teach接sb.Sth.;而instruct接sb.insth.。试比较下面两个句子：史密斯先生教我们英语。Mr.SmithtaughtusEnglish.Mr.SmithinstructedusinEnglish.另外,两词接to-v时意思也不同：teachsb.to-v的意思是“教某人做某事”,而instructsb.to-v的意思是命令或通知某人做某事。例如:Hetaughtustorunthemachine.他教我们开机器。Thecaptaininstructedthesoldierstoretreat.上尉命令士兵们撤退。,.,Comparativeculturehadinstructedmeinthedifferencesofbackgroundandgroupinterests.groupinterests(利益）:interestsofethnic,social,politicalgroupsfundamentalinterests根本利益immediateinterests切身利益；眼前利益；当前利益interests股权，股份businessinterests企业界；企业股,.,Ihis/one/everyrespect在这方面/某方面/每方面inall/manyrespects在各方面/许多方面in/withrespectto关于，至于concerning谈到你的其他建议,我现在还无法把我们的决定告诉你。Withrespecttoyourotherproposals,Iamnotyetabletotellyouourdecision.withoutrespectto不管，不顾Dolfdidwhathethoughtrightwithoutrespecttotheconsequences.,.,Theprincipalsignificanceofsuchdifferenceswasthattheywerelargelywithoutsignificance.(重复强调）e.g.Thebusinessofgovernmentistokeepthegovernmentoutofbusinessthatis,unlessbusinessneedsgovernmentaid.Principal:(adj.)main,themostimportant(n)校长e.g.Ourprincipalproblemislackoftime.VSprinciple原则，本质Homonym:twowordsarehomonymsiftheyarepronouncedorspelledthesamewaybuthavedifferentmeanings,.,Myeducationhadbypassedthesimilarities.vt.:toignore;togoroundinsteadofthrough;toavoidn.:ahighwaythatencirclesanurbanareasothattrafficdoesnothavetopassthroughthecenter我们绕城外走，就不会受交通拥挤之累了Ifwebypassthetown,wellmissalltraffic.你不能回避这个问题。Youcannotbypassthisquestion.我们走旁道，就能避开市镇的中心。Ifwetakethebypasswellavoidthetowncentre.,.,Ithadfailedtograspanddefinethefactthatbeyondthedifferencesarerealitiesscarcelycomprehendedbecauseoftheirverysimplicity.grasp：vt.抓住,抓紧seize(sb./sth.)firmlywithhand,etc.;takeadvantageof(sth.)vt.理解,领悟understand(sth.)fullyn.抓住;理解hold;understanding,.,Igraspedthemainpointofthespeech.你必须抓住机会。Youmustgraspthisopportunity.ShehasagoodgraspoftheEnglishlanguage.她精通英语。Ikeptherhandsinmygrasp.我紧握着她的手。,.,beyondprep.超出；远于；除.之外；超出之外adv.在更远处n.远处；来世通货膨胀率已经超过了8%。Thelevelofinflationhasgonebeyond8%.他们越过群山，到了那边的山谷。Theycrossedthemountainsandtraveledtothevalleysbeyond.未来人们能到月球或更远处去旅行。Inthefuture,mencantraveltothemoonandbeyond.我们对来世能知道些什么呢？Whatcanweknowofthebeyond?,.,scarcely:onlyjust;hardly;surelynot在受到如此好的待遇后他们决不会抱怨。Theycouldscarcelycomplainaftersuchgoodtreatment.scarcelyanyadj.几乎没有(少有；简直没有)Itisofscarcelyanyuse.这简直没有什么用处。scarcelyeveradv.极难得(几乎从不)他几乎从不看电影。Hescarcelyevergotothemovies.Yourescarcelyoutoftheshellyet.你乳臭未干。scarcely.when一就刚便Scarcelyhadwearrivedwhenitbegantorain.我们刚一到就下起雨来了。,.,toknowabouttheamazingvariationsofhumancultureandbehavior.achange,heamountorlevelofsth(数量，水平等的)变化，变更，变异regionalseasonalvariation地区性季节性变化athingthatisdifferentfromotherthingsinthesamegeneralgroup变异的东西；变种；变体anyofasetofshortpiecesofmusicbasedonasimpletunerepeatedinadifferentandmorecomplicatedform变奏；变奏曲,.,Butitwasntthetypeofknowledgeyouhadtolivebyandbuildon.liveby:earnoneslivingby(doing)sthlivebyoneswits：靠小聪明骗人过日子liveon：靠生存；以.为主食；继续活着livefor：为.而活；盼望liveupto：实践（原则，誓言等）liveandlearn：活到老，学到老;不经一事,不长一智livehigh=livelikealord：过奢华的生活liveitup：狂欢livelifetothefull：日子过得充实,.,condense，compress，contract，shrink这些动词均含“收缩，压缩”之意。condense：指将东西压缩得更紧密、紧凑，但不失去原有的内容。Soupcondenseswhenboiled（汤煮过后就浓了。）compress：指把乱而不成形的东西压成一定形状。Aninstrumentoftortureformerlyusedtocompressthethumb（拇指夹过去使用的一种用于压迫拇指的刑具）contract：主要指以内、外部力量进行紧缩，也可用作引申。Metalcontractsasitbecomescool（金属冷却时体积缩小。）shrink：侧重指因收缩而达不到原有的长度、体积或容积。Thenumberofstudentsofthisschoolhasshrunk（这所学校的学生人数）在减少。,.,Theoldemphasisuponsuperficialdifferenceshadtogivewaytoeducation,a.toadmitdefeatinanargumentorfightb.tobreakunderpressure;collapsec.tohaveitsplacetakenbyd.toallowoneselftoshowExamples:Hegavewaytotears.Mynewevidenceforcedhimtogiveway.Thefloorgavewayundertheheavyweight.Steamtrainsgavewaytoelectrictrains.,听任自己流露让步断裂让某人先行,.,accidentincidenteventoccurrencehappening这些名词均有“事故、事件”之意。accident:强调偶然或意外发生的不幸事情。incident:既可指小事件或附带事件，又可指政治上具有影响的事件或事变。event:可指任何大小事件，但尤指历史上的重大事件。occurrence:多指日常生活中发生的一般事件，有时也指偶然发生的事。happening:happening与occurrence相似，多指日常生活中发生的一般事件，有时也指偶然发生的事。,.,totakeinpastexperience,andalsotovisualizefutureneeds.鱼通过鳃摄取氧气。Fishtakeinoxygenthroughtheirgills.我完全不能理解他的话。Icouldnttakeinhisstoryatall.这个推销员发现老太太们容易上当受骗。Thesalesmanfindsiteasytotakeinoldladies.那位好心的老太太愿意收容这个贫困无家可归的陌生人。Thekindoldladyofferedtotakeinthepoorhomelessstranger.吸收；领会；欺骗；接待,.,ability：普通用词，指人先天的或学来的各种能力。capacity：侧重指人的潜在能力，通常不指体力，多指才智，尤指接受与领悟能力。capability：多用于人，指胜任某项具体工作的能力，也指本身具有、尚未发挥的潜在能力。常与of或for连用。genius：语气最强，指天赋的高度才能与智力。talent：着重指人某方面具有可发展和倍养的突出天赋才能，但语意比genius弱。competence：正式用词，侧重指令人满意的业务能力与水平，达到胜任某项工作等的要求。faculty：指特殊的才能或智力。gift：着重个人的天赋的才能或在某方面的显著本领，常暗含不能用作一般解释规律的意思。aptitude：多指先天或后天习得的运用自如的能力，常暗示接受能力强，能迅速掌握一种学术训练或艺术技巧。,.,conscience1.thepartofyourmindthattellsyouwhetheryouractionsarerightorwrong良心