Unit 2 Space Invaders综合教程四ppt课件VIP

.,Unit2,Unit2SpaceInvaders,.,Watchthevideoandanswerthefollowingquestions.,Howisthe“gettingthroughthedoor”movementunderstoodbymanypeople?,Pre-readingActivities-Audiovisualsupplement1,Audiovisualsupplement,Culturalinformation,Manyviewthisapparentlylight-heartedtussleasasignthatArafatandBarakweregettingonwell.,ArafatandBarakarestrugglingtogetthroughthedooraftertheotherpartyinordertoshow“Iamincontrol”.,2.Whatisthehiddenmessagebehindthescene?,Bodylanguageisveryimportant,butoftencomplexandeasilymisunderstood.,3.Whatdoesthisstorytellus?,.,Pre-readingActivities-Audiovisualsupplement2,Audiovisualsupplement,Culturalinformation,FromSecretofBodyLanguage,.,Voiceover:Butbodylanguageisoftencomplex,andeasilymisunderstood.Here,PresidentClintonleadstheIsraeliandPalestinianleadersEhudBarakandYasserArafatupbeforethepressduringpeacenegotiations.Itsallsmilesforthecameras,butbehindthefaadeofbonhomie,theresapowerstrugglegoingon.Clintonjokinglyexplainsthatnoneofthemwilltakeanyquestions.Clinton:Wepromisetoeachotherwewillanswernoquestionandoffernocomments,soIhavetosetagoodexample.Voiceover:Thebodylanguagethenrevealsjustwhythatworks.ExpertA:Wow.Itsalmostaphysicalfight.,VideoScript1,Audiovisualsupplement,Culturalinformation,.,Voiceover:Manyviewthisapparentlylight-heartedtussleasasignthatArafatandBarakweregettingonwell.Thinkagain.ExpertA:Thereisagreatmeaningbehindwhogoesthroughthedoorfirst.NowofcoursehereintheWest,lettingsomeonethroughthedoorfirstdoesntreallymatter.Politemaybe.ButintheMiddleEast,ithassignificantculturalimpact.ExpertB:Thehost,thepowerperson,says,“Imincontrol.Illhelpyouthroughthedoor.Illshowyoutheway.”Arafat:Thankyou.Thankyou.Voiceover:ThrowinthefearandtensionpresentinmostMiddleEastnegotiations,andsuddenly,thedesireof,VideoScript1,Audiovisualsupplement,Culturalinformation,.,bothArafatandBaraknottogothroughthatdoorbeforetheotherstartstomakesense.ExpertC:Thisisaclassicexampleinitsextremewayofhowthelastmanthroughthedooristhewinner.SoBarakreachesforYasserArafat.Arafatliterallygraspshisarm,moveson,andstartswagglinghisfingeratBarak,who,then,Barak,usesthisopportunityasawrestlingmatchtomovearound,toactuallybebehindArafat,andthenliterallygraspsArafat,holdshimbythearm,andshoveshimthroughthedoor.ExpertB:Soyouvegotfearandpowerstruggle,showinginbigbigbigbigboldbodylanguagewithit.,VideoScript1,Audiovisualsupplement,Culturalinformation,.,Personalspacecanbeimaginedasakindofbubblesurroundingapersonthatprotectshisorherprivacyandwhichotherpeoplemaynotnormallyenter.Allowingsomebodytogetverycloseandenteryourpersonalspacemaybeasignoftrustorlove.Ontheotherhand,intrudingotherspersonalspacecanberatheroffensive.Theamountofspacepeopleneedtofeelaroundthemvarieswithvariousfactors,suchasculture,sex,familiaritybetweenpeople,crowdednessofthesituation,etc.Forexample:,Culturalinformation1,Audiovisualsupplement,Culturalinformation,.,peoplefromculturesthatlikealotofpersonalspacefeelawkwardandembarrassedwhensomebodycomestooclosetothem;peopleofthesamesexmaysitorstandclosertoeachotherthantosomebodyoftheoppositesex;strangersandcasualacquaintancesusuallyneedmorespacethanfriendsandmembersofthesamefamilywhoknoweachotherwell;inanoisystreetpeoplemayneedtostandcloserthantheywouldnormally,simplyinordertoheareachother.,Culturalinformation2,Audiovisualsupplement,Culturalinformation,.,Structuralanalysis,Inthetext,thewriterfirstpointsoutthefactthatnowadayspeoplearemoreconcernedaboutthemselvesandwanttohavealargerpersonalspacethandecadesago,andthenheanalyzesthecausesofspaceinvasion.Thetextcanbedividedintothreeparts.,PartI,(Paragraphs12):Thewritercallsthereadersattentiontotheinvasionofpersonalspacebyrelatinganexperienceofhowhispersonalspacewasinvaded.,Rhetoricalfeatures,Structuralanalysis,PartII,(Paragraphs37):Thewriteranalyzessomelikelycausesoftheshrinkageofpersonalspace,andattributestheinvasionofpersonalspacetothegeneraldeclineofgoodmanners.,.,Structuralanalysis,Rhetoricalfeatures,Structuralanalysis,PartIII,(Paragraphs89):Theauthorpresentshisviewabouttheessenceofpersonalspace,i.e.itispsychological,ratherthanphysical,andurgespeopleto“expandthecontractingboundariesofpersonalspace”.,.,RhetoricalFeatures1,Avividandaccuratedescriptionofthebehaviourofthespaceinvadersandthosewhosepersonalspaceisbeinginvadedisachievedbyadelicateselectionofverbs.Someoftheexamplesareasfollows.,Rhetoricalfeatures,Structuralanalysis,amanstartedinchingtowardme(Paragraph1)Inelevators,peoplearewedgingthemselvesinjustbeforethedoorsclose.(Paragraph3)Inmovietheatresthesedays,peoplearestakingaclaimtobotharmrests,annexingalltheelbowroom.(Paragraph7),Verbsandverbalphrasesusedtodescribethebehaviourofspaceinvaders:,.,RhetoricalFeatures1,Verbsandverbalphrasesusedtodescribethereactionofthosewhosespaceisbeinginvaded:Iminutelyadvancedtowardthewomaninfrontofme.(Paragraph1)whoabsent-mindedlyshuffledtowardthewhite-hairedladyaheadofhim.(Paragraph1),Rhetoricalfeatures,Structuralanalysis,Practice:Pleasefindmoreexamplestoillustratetheauthorscarefulchoiceofverbs.,.,Detailedreading1,Detailedreading,SPACEINVADERSRichardStengel1Atmybanktheotherday,Iwasstandinginalinesnakingaroundsometiredvelvetropeswhenamaninasweat-suitstartedinchingtowardmeinhiseagernesstodeposithisSocialSecuritycheck.Ashedidso,IminutelyadvancedtowardthewomanreadingtheWallStreetJournalinfrontofme,who,inmildannoyance,begantosidleuptothemanscribblingacheckinfrontofher,whoabsent-mindedlyshuffledtowardthewhite-hairedladyaheadofhim,untilwewereallhugger-muggeragainsteachother,theoriginallazylinehavingcollapsedinonitselflikeaSlinky.,.,Detailedreading2,Detailedreading,2Iestimatethatmypersonalspaceextendseighteeninchesinfrontofmyface,onefoottoeachside,andaboutteninchesinbackthoughitisnearlyimpossibletomeasureexactlyhowfarbehindyousomeoneisstanding.Thephrase“personalspace”hasaquaint,seventiesringtoit(“Youreinvadingmyspace,man”),butitisoneofthosegratifyingexpressionsthatareintuitivelyunderstoodbyallhumanbeings.Likethetwelve-milelimitaroundournationalshores,personalspaceisourindividualborderbeyondwhichnostrangercanpenetratewithoutmakingusuneasy.,.,Detailedreading3,3Lately,Ivefoundthatmypersonalspaceisbeinginvadedmorethaneverbefore.Inelevators,peoplearewedgingthemselvesinjustbeforethedoorsclose;onthestreet,pedestriansarezigzaggingthroughthehumantraffic,jostlingothers,refusingtogiveway;onthesubway,ridersarenolongertakingpainstocarveoutlittlezonesofspacebetweenthemselvesandfellow-passengers;inlinesatairports,peoplearepressingforwardlikefidgetytaxisatredlights.,Detailedreading,.,Detailedreading4,4Atfirst,Iattributedthistendencytothe“populationexplosion”andtherelentlessMalthusianlogicthatiftwiceasmanypeopleinhabittheplanetnowasdidtwentyyearsago,eachofushashalfasmuchspace.Recently,Ivewonderedifitstheseason:T-shirtweathercanmakeproximitymorealluring(ormuch,muchless).OrperhapstheproliferationofcoffeebarsinManhattanthenumberseemstodoubleeverythreemonthsisinfusingsomuchcaffeineintothealreadyjanglinglocalsthatpeoplecannolongerkeeptothemselves.,Detailedreading,.,Detailedreading5,5Personalspaceismostlyapublicmatter;weallowallkindsofinvasionsofpersonalspaceinprivate.(Humanitywouldntexistwithoutthem.)Thelogisticsofitvaryaccordingtogeography.PeoplewholiveinCalcuttahavelesspersonalspacethanfolksinColorado.“Donttreadonme”couldhavebeencoinedonlybysomeonewithaspread.IwouldwagerthatpeopleintheNorthernHemispherehaveroomierconceptionsofpersonalspacethanthoseintheSouthern.ToanEnglishman,ahandshakecanseemliketrespassing,whereastoaBrazilian,anythinglessthanahugmaycomeacrossaschilliness.,Detailedreading,.,Detailedreading6-7,6Likedriverswhoplowintoyourparkedandemptycaranddontleaveanote,peoplenolongermutter“Excuseme”whentheybumpintoyou.Thedeclineofmannershasbeenwidelylamented.Manners,itseemstome,areaboutgivingpeoplespace,notsteppingontoes,grantingpeopletheirprivatedomain.7IvealsonoticedanincreaseintheranksofwhatIthinkofasspaceinvaders,mini-territorialexpansionistswhoseizepublicspacewithasenseofmanifestdestiny.Inmovietheatresthesedays,peoplearestakingaclaimtobotharmrests,annexingalltheelbowroom,whileatcoffeeshopsandontheLongIslandRailroad,individualsroutinelycommandeerboothsandsetsoffacingseatsmeantforfoursomes.,Detailedreading,.,Detailedreading8,8Ultimately,personalspaceispsychological,notphysical:ithaslesstodowiththespaceoutsideusthanwithourinnerspace.Isuspectthattheshrinkingofpersonalspaceisdirectlyproportionaltotheexpansionofself-absorption:peoplewhoseattentionisinwarddonotbothertolookoutward.Eventhefocusofsciencethesedaysismicro,notmacro.TheHumanGenomeProjectismappingtheuniverseofthegeneticcode,whileneuroscientistsareusingsouped-upM.R.I.machinestocharttheflightofneuronsinourbrains.,Detailedreading,.,Detailedreading9,9InthesamewaythatthebreezefromabutterflyswingsinJapanmayeventuallyproduceatidalwaveinCalifornia,Ihavedecidedtoexpandthecontractingboundariesofpersonalspace.Inthelineatmybank,Inowrefusetomovecloserthanthreefeettothepersoninfrontofme,evenifitmeansthatthefellowbehindmestartsbreathingdownmyneck.,Detailedreading,.,Is“personalspace”atermoftheseventies?Isitoutofdatenowadays?Whyorwhynot?(Paragraph2),Detailedreading2-Quesion,“Personalspace”wasatermpopularlyusedintheseventiesbutseldommentionednowadays.However,itdoesntmeanthatitisoutofdate.People,whateverperiodstheyarein,needpersonalspace,whichisnottobepenetrated.Theonlyproblemisthattheworldisbecomingsocrowdedthatitisimpossibleforpeopletoprotecttheirpersonalspaceaswellastheyusedtodo.,Detailedreading,.,Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying“personalspaceismostlyapublicmatter”?(Paragraph5),Detailedreading5-Quesion,Personalspace,firstofall,isthespaceyouexpectandareexpectedtokeepbetweenyouandotherpeopleinpublicplacesinordertomaintainanappropriateinterpersonalrelationship.EdwardT.HallinThe,Detailedreading,HiddenDimension,forexample,describesthesocialvaluesappliedbyAmericanstocertaindistancesbetweenpeopleasfallingintofourmaincategories:“Intimatedistance(01gratificationn.,.,Detailedreading2penetrate,Detailedreading,penetrate:v.succeedinforcingawaythrough(sth.),e.g.,Theypenetratedintotheterritorywherenomanhadevergonebefore.Thesunsradiationpenetratestheskin.,.,Detailedreading3wedge,Thepeoplesittingclosetomewedgedmeintothecorner.Openthedoorwideandwedgeitwithapadofnewspaper.,e.g.,Detailedreading,wedge:v.forceintoanarrowspace;fixsth.inpositionbyusingawedgeorsth.else,.,Detailedreading3zigzag,Detailedreading,zigzag:,Wezigzaggedupthehill.Thenarrowpathzigzagsupthecliff.,e.g.,1)v.moveforwardbygoingatananglefirsttooneside,thentotheother,2)n.alineorpatternthatlookslikeaseriesofletterWsasitbendstotheleftandthentotherightagain,Thepathdescendedthehillinzigzags.,e.g.,3)a.onlybeforenoun,azigzagline/path/pattern,e.g.,.,Detailedreading3carveout,Detailedreading,carveout:establishorcreatesth.throughpainstakingeffort,Withmonthsofstrenuouswork,theartistcarvedoutaflowerofivory.Yearsoffailuresandsetbackshavetaughthimandcarvedoutacareerforhim.,e.g.,.,Detailedreading3press,Detailedreading,press:v.push,move,ormake(onesway)strongly,esp.inacrowd,Hepressedhiswaythroughthecrowd.Somanypeoplepressedroundthefamousactressthatshecouldntgettohercar.,e.g.,Translation:,人群挤在她身边，争着要她的签名。,Crowdspressedroundher,tryingtogetherautograph.,_,.,Detailedreading4infuse,Detailedreading,infuse:v.fillorcausetobefilledwithsth.,Hernovelsareinfusedwithsadness.,e.g.,Collocations:,infuseinto/with:fill.with.,e.g.,Heinfusedeagernessintothemen.Hisspeechinfusedthemenwitheagerness.,.,Detailedreading4keeptooneself,Detailedreading,keeptooneself:remainprivate;avoidmeetingotherpeople,Shedoesntgooutmuch;shelikestokeeptoherself.,e.g.,.,Detailedreading5Malthusianlogic,Detailedreading,Malthusianlogic:ThomasRobertMalthus(17661834),Britisheconomistandclergyman.InEssayonPopulation(1798)hearguedthatwithoutthepracticeof“moralrestraint”thepopulationtendstoincreaseatagreaterratethanitsmeansofsubsistence,unlesswar,famine,ordiseaseintervenesoreffortsaremadetolimitpopulation.,.,Detailedreading5wager,Detailedreading,wager:v.(amoreformaltermfor)bet,Shewagered50onahorse.IhadwageredagreatdealofmoneythatIwouldbeathim.,e.g.,1)wager(sth.)(onsth.);wagersth./sb.that:betmoneyonsth.,2)wager(that):usedtosaythatyouaresoconfidentthatsth.istrueorwillhappenthatyouwouldbewillingtobetmoneyonit,Illwagerthatsheknowsmoreaboutitthanshessaying.,e.g.,.,Detailedreading6plow,Detailedreading,plow:v.forceawayormakeatrack,Atruckplowedintothebackofthebus.Sheplowedherwaythroughthewaitingcrowds.,e.g.,Spelling:,plow(AmericanEnglish)=plough(BritishEnglish),.,Detailedreading7lament,lament:v.expressregretordisappointmentoversth.consideredunsatisfactory,unreasonable,orunfair,e.g.,Inthepoemhelamentsthedestructionofthecountryside.,Detailedreading,Synonym:,bemoan,e.g.,Sheshowsalamentablelackofunderstanding.,Derivations:,lamentable:a.verydisappointing,regrettable,lamentation:n.(formal)anexpressionofgreatsadnessordisappointment,.,Detailedreading6-7stakeaclaimto,Detailedreading,stakeaclaimto:makeaclaimto,stake:v.beassertiveindefininganddefendingapositionorpolicy,e.g.,Hestakedaclaimtothelandwherehedfoundthegold.,.,Detailedreading6-7annex,Detailedreading,annex:v.takecontrolandpossessionofland,asmallcountry,etc.,esp.byforce;takewithoutpermission,Synonym:,occupy,e.g.,GermanyannexedAustriain1938.Thereareexamplesofpeopleoccupyingpublicsquaresandannexingthepavementnexttotheirlands.,.,Detailedreading8beproportionalto,Detailedreading,beproportionalto:increaseordecreaseatthesamerateastheotherthingincreasesordecreases,sothatthereisalwaysthesamerelationshipbetweenthetwothings,Derivation:,proportion:n.therelationshipofonethingtoanotherinsize,amount,etc.,e.g.,Theoutputshouldbeproportionaltotheinput.Asarulesuicideratesareproportionaltothesizeofthecity.,e.g.,Theroomisverylonginproportionto(=relativeto)itswidth.,.,Detailedreading8self-absorption,Detailedreading,self-absorption:thecharacteristicofthinkingaboutthingsconcerningoneselfwithoutnoticingotherpeopleorthethingsaroundhim,Derivation:,self-absorbeda.,.,Detailedreading1sometiredvelvetrope,sometiredvelvetrope(Paragraph1),Explanation:,Here,theword“tired”means“drooping,loosenedorslackened”.,Detailedreading,.,Detailedreading1untilwewere,untilwewereallhugger-muggeragainsteachother,theoriginallazylinehavingcollapsedinonitselflikeaSlinky.(Paragraph1),Paraphrase:,untilwewereallpushingagainsteachother,leavingthelineindisorder.,Detailedreading,.,Detailedreading2Thephrase,Thephrase“personalspace”hasaquaint,seventiesringtoit.(Paragraph2),Paraphrase:,Thephrase“personalspace”soundsold-fashionedandremindsoneoftheseventies.,Detailedreading,.,Detailedreading4.Ivewondered,.Ivewonderedifitstheseason:T-shirtweathercanmakeproximitymorealluring(ormuch,muchless).(Paragraph4),Paraphrase:,.ithaspassedthroughmymindthatmaybethecause(ofthespaceinvasion)istheseason:summermaymakepeoplewanttobeclosertothosewhosephysicalattractionisrevealedbylightsummerclothing(thoughitmayalsomakethemwishtomovefurtherawayfromthosesmellingunpleasantlyofperspiration).,Detailedreading,.,Detailedreading4Orperhaps,OrperhapstheproliferationofcoffeebarsinManhattanisinfusingsomuchcaffeineintothealreadyjanglinglocalsthatpeoplecannolongerkeeptothemselves.(Paragraph4),Paraphrase:,OrperhapstheincreasingcoffeebarsinManhattan.attractmoreandmorepeople,whoarestimulatedandexcitedbythecaffeinetheytakein,sothattheybecomeeagertomeetothersandnolongerwanttoremaininprivate.,Detailedreading,.,Detailedreading5weallow,weallowallkindsofinvasionsofpersonalspaceinprivate.(Humanitywouldntexistwithoutthem.)(Paragraph5),Paraphrase:,privatelyweallowpeoplewithwhomwehavecloserelationshipstoenterourpersonalspaceinavarietyofways.(Indeed,intheabsenceofsexualintimacy,noneofuswouldbehere.),Detailedreading,.,Detailedreading5Thelogistics,Thelogisticsofitvaryaccordingtogeography.(Paragraph5),Paraphrase:,Peopleindifferentregionsaregivendifferentsizesofpersonalspace.,Detailedreading,.,Detailedreading5“Donttreadon,“Donttreadonme”couldhavebeencoinedonlybysomeonewithaspread.(Paragraph5),Paraphrase:,“Dontstepintomyspace.”Thiscouldonlyhavebeeninventedbypeoplewhohaveafarmandthusalargespacealltheirown.,Detailedreading,.,Detailedreading6Thedeclineof,Thedeclineofmannershasbeenwidelylamented.(Paragraph6),Paraphrase:,Manyhaveexpressedregretatthedeteriorationofmanners.,Detailedreading,.,Detailedreading7Ivealsonoticed,IvealsonoticedanincreaseintheranksofwhatIthinkofasspaceinvaders,mini-territorialexpansionistswhoseizepublicspacewithasenseofmanifestdestiny.(Paragraph7),Paraphrase:,Ivealsonoticedthattheproblemofspaceinvasionhasbecomemoreandmoreserious,andthatspaceinvaders,actinginthewayterritorialexpansionistsusuallydo,takeitforgrantedthattheyhavetherighttoseizepublicspace.,Detailedreading,.,Detailedreading6-7.individualsroutinely,.individualsroutinelycommandeerboothsandsetsoffacingseatsmeantforfoursomes.(Paragraph7),Paraphrase:,.individuals,asusual,occupytheboothsandseatswhicharedesignedforfourpeople.,Detailedreading,.,Detailedreading8personalspace,personalspaceispsychological,notphysical:ithaslesstodowiththespaceoutsideusthanwithourinnerspace.(Paragraph8),Paraphrase:,.personalspaceismoreapsychologicalmatterthanaphysicalone.Asfaraswefeelcomfortableinourmind,itdoesnotmatterwhetherourphysicalpersonalspaceislargeorsmall.,Detailedreading,.,Detailedreading9Inthesame,InthesamewaythatthebreezefromabutterflyswingsinJapanmayeventuallyproduceatidalwaveinCalifornia,Ihavedecidedtoexpandthecontractingboundariesofpersonalspace.(Paragraph9),Paraphrase:,Theauthorhopesthathisownstandagainsttheshrinkingofpersonalspace,whilesmallinitself,willnonethelesseventuallyhaveadramaticeffectinthesamewayasthebreezefromabutterflyswingsinJapan,ifitinitiatesachainofwaves,mayeventuallyproduceatidalwaveinCalifornia.,Detailedreading,.,ConsolidationActivities-Vocabularymain,Phrasepractice,Wordderivation,Synonym/Antonym,Vocabulary,Translation,Integratedskills,Oralactivities,Writing,Grammar,.,ConsolidationActivities-Phrasepr