上外：Unit 04_A (第六册,英语综合教程,外教社)ppt课件

.,Unit4DisneyWorld:CitiesofSimulationasPostmodernUtopias,TextExplanationPartI,.,AbouttheAuthor,KenSanes(1953-),Americancolumnistandeditor.Hehaspublishednumerousarticlesinprominentpublications,andhisTransparecywebsitehasbeenreferredtobyothernewspapers.HisWebsite:,.,TextStructure,Section1:Paragraphs1-4Section2:Paragraphs5-7Section3:Paragraphs8-9Section4:Paragraph10Section5:Paragraph11,.,TextAnalysis,Insection1theauthorexplainstheillusion,idealizedrealityandfantasiescreatedbyDisney.Inthesecondsection,theauthorprobestheimplicationsofmoderntechnologyinDisneyWorld.Andtheninsection3theauthormovesontodiscussthedifferencebetweentheperfectworldasdesiredbyhumanityandthatofDisneyWorld.Insection4theauthorraisesthequestionaboutourrelationshipwithtechnology.Thelastsectionwindsuptheessay,caustioningusagainstthenegativeaspectsofDisneyworld.,.,Paragraph1,MuchofitrevolvesaroundDisneysefforttocreatetheillusionforvisitorsthattheyhaveenteredaperfectworld,whichmorecloselyconformstotheirdesires.Butmostessentiallyitcreatesafictionalizedversionofaperfectworldbyinvitingvisitorstoescapetheircontainmentsinphsicalrealitysotheyarenolongerlimitedbytime,distance,sizeandphysicallaws.,.,essence,thechoicestormostessentialormostvitalpartofsomeideaorexperience实质;anysubstancepossessingtoahighdegreethepredominantpropertiesofaplantordrugorothernaturalproductfromwhichitisextracted精华;thecentralmeaningorthemeofaspeechorliterarywork本质;atoiletrythatemitsanddiffusesafragrantodor香精,.,essential,n.anythingindispensableadj.absolutelynecessary;vitallynecessaryHardworkisessentialtosuccess.努力工作是成功的基础.Theessentialelementinthemoresandinpersonalmoralityisconsistency.民风民德，以及个人道德中首要的因素是其连贯性。,.,conform,besimilar,beinlinewith;adaptoneselftonewordifferentconditionsIfyouareamemberofourclub,youmustconformtoourrules.如果你是我们俱乐部的成员，那你就得遵守我们的规则。Thebuildingdoesnotconformtosafetyregulations.这座建筑物不符合安全条例。conformityn.适合,一致,相似,.,fictionalize,convertintotheformorthestyleofanovel使小说化；把编成小说fictional虚构的Allofthecharactersinthisbookarefictional.书中所有的人物都是虚构的.fiction:aliteraryworkbasedontheimaginationandnotnecessarilyonfactHisaccountofthecrimewasacompletefiction.他对那次犯罪的叙述完全是编造的.,.,containment,theactofcontaining;keepingsomethingfromspreading包含；容纳；控制；抑制;apolicyofcreatingstrategicalliancesinordertochecktheexpansionofahostilepowerorideologyortoforceittonegotiatepeacefully(对敌对国家所采取的)遏制政策，牵制行动,.,DNA,Deoxyribonucleicacid脱氧核糖核酸,是染色体的主要化学成分，同时也是组成基因的材料。Unlikeanyotherpartofthecell,mitochondriahavetheirownDNA.线粒体不像细胞的其他部分，线粒体有它们自己的DNAWheneveracellinsideabodydivides,itsDNAhasasmallchanceofacquiringacancer-causingmutation.每当体内的细胞分裂，细胞内的DNA就有小小的机会因为突变而让细胞癌化。,.,defy,resistorconfrontwithresistance;elude,especiallyinabafflingway;challengeBravemendefytyrants,insteadofcoweringbeforethem.勇敢的人公然反抗暴君，而不是畏缩。Nodiethaseverbeenabletodefythelawsofthermodynamics.没有食物可以改变热力学的规律。,.,Paragraph2,DisneyWorldalsoinvitesvisitorstoescapethefallenstateofsocietyandtheself.Theeffectisnotunlikeparticipatingina365-day-a-yearholiday,inwhichnegativeemotionsarebanishedfromlife,.,perpetual,continuingforeverorindefinitely;uninterruptedintimeandindefinitelylongcontinuing;occurringsofrequentlyastoseemceaselessoruninterruptedTheylivedinperpetualfearofbeingdiscoveredandarrested.Hehashard,coldeyesandhismouthissetinaperpetualsneer.perpetuate(v.)causetocontinueorprevail,.,parade,(n.)aceremonialprocessionincludingpeoplemarching;avisibledisplay(v.)walkostentatiously;marchinaprocessionIwouldneverparadethesephotosaround.我从来没有炫耀过这些照片。Eachgenerationpassesthroughasimilarparadeofevents.每一代人都经历一系列相似的事件。,.,costumed,(adj.)dressedinclothingcharacteristicofaperiod,country,orclasscostume(n.)theattireworninaplayoratafancydressball,etc.Iamacostumedesigner.我是一个服装设计师Hernationalcostumeshowedwhichcountryshecamefrom她的民族服装表明了她来自哪个国家。,.,banish,expelfromacommunityorgroup;banfromaplaceofresidence,asforpunishment;expel,asifbyofficialdecreeZeus:IbanishyoutothedarkestpitsofTartarus!宙斯：我要让你在地狱底下暗无天日的深渊消亡！Ifwecouldbanishallsuchpreconceptionswhenweread,thatwouldbeanadmirablebeginning.如果阅读时能抛开这些先入之见，那将会是一个极好的开端。,.,Paragraph3,Whenyouputallthistogether,itbecomesobviousthatDisneyWorldoffersvisitorstheficitonalizedrealizationofhumanitysdeepestdream:transcendence.Inplaceoftheworldwenormallyfindourselvesin,inwhichmostopportunitiesareclosedtousandmosthumanmotivesareconcealed,wegoonajourneythroughsymbolicworldsthatareobjectiveandmaterial,butseeminglyasweightless,carefreeandfantasticastheimagination.,.,transcendence,astateofbeingorexistenceaboveandbeyondthelimitsofmaterialexperience;thestateofexcellingorsurpassingorgoingbeyondusuallimitsTopursuetranscendencemeanstoacceptloneliness.追逐卓越意味着要接受孤独。Theexperiencecausesthemtosearchformeaningbeyondthemselves,forasenseoftranscendence,hesaid.他说，这种经验使他们超越自己去寻求生命的意义，去寻找一种超验主义的体验。,.,mundane,foundintheordinarycourseofevents;concernedwiththeworldorworldlymatters;belongingtothisearthorworld;notidealorheavenlyButtherearemoremundaneconsiderations,too.不过，还有一些更为平常的注意事项。Lanedoesntlikethemundanelife,andhelikesthelifeinthefastlane.雷恩不喜欢平淡无奇的生活，他喜欢非常刺激的生活。,.,conceal,preventfrombeingseenordiscovered;holdback;keepfrombeingperceivedbyothersYouarewisetoconcealthatthing.你不提及那件事是明智的。TheCommunistsdisdaintoconcealtheirviewsandaims.共产党人不屑于隐瞒自己的观点和意图。Thesuperficialprosperitycannotconcealthevoidwithin.表面的繁荣无法掩饰内在的空虚。,.,Paragraph4,Inallthis,Disneyundoesthedryscientismoftheworldviewofcontemporarysocieties.ItwastheGermansociologistMaxWeberwhosaidthatinthemodernagewearewitnessingthedisenchantmentoftheworldwiththeriseofscienceandthedeclininginfluenceofreligion.,.,undo,cancel,annul,orreverseanactionoritseffectItisuptoyouandonlyyoutoundothelocksandallowyourselvestogoforwardManytimesIhadtoundoaboxbecauseIforgottolistthecontents.Thechildrenbegantoundothestringroundtheparceltoseewhatwasinit.,.,scientism,科学至上主义；科学态度Respectingothersstandpointsisasortofscientism,too.尊重他人的观点也是一种科学态度。Nevertheless,NietzschewasfirmlyagainstScientism.但是，尼采坚决反对唯科学主义。Scientismisamajorpartofmodemwesternphilosophy.科学主义是现代西方两大哲学思潮之一。,.,disenchantment,freeingfromfalsebelieforillusions失望,不抱幻想YetthatdecisionmaymerelyaggravatevotersdisenchantmentwiththeEU.然而这一决定或许只会让选民对于欧盟更加不抱幻想。dis+enchant+mentenchant:(v.)attract;causetobeenamored;castaspelloversomeoneorsomething;putahexonsomeoneorsomething,.,simulation,thetechniqueofrepresentingtherealworldbyacomputerprogram;theactofgivingafalseappearanceSimulationresultsshowtheeffectivenessoftheproposedtechnique.模拟结果表明了上述方法的有效性。Wealsocarryontheenvironmentsimulationtraining,andusesthecomputersimulator.我们还进行环境模拟训练，并使用电脑模拟器。,.,mythology,mythscollectively;thebodyofstoriesassociatedwithacultureorinstitutionorperson;thestudyofmythsmyth:(n.)atraditionalstoryacceptedashistory;servestoexplaintheworldviewofapeopleInChristianmythology,theHolyGrailwasthedish,plate,cuporvesselthatcaughtJesusbloodduringhiscrucifixion.在基督教神话里面，圣杯是碟子，盘子，杯或者容器，在耶稣受难期间盛着耶稣的血。,.,alien,apersonwhocomesfromaforeigncountry;someonewhodoesnotoweallegiancetoyourcountry;anyonewhodoesnotbelongintheenvironmentinwhichtheyarefound;aformoflifeassumedtoexistoutsidetheEarthoritsatmosphereAnEnglishmanisanalieninAmerica.英国人在美国便是外国侨民。,.,Paragraph5,ButDisneyWorlddoesntonlyofferobjectifiedfantasies.Throughthepowerofsimulation,italsoshowsusthewaytechnologywillgiveuspowerover