国际交流英语视听说B2U4ppt课件

,Unit,4,InsidetheBrain,Book2,ThinkandDiscuss,ViewingtheWorld,ExploringtheTheme,AnalyticalListening,SharingYourIdeas,Engaging,FurtherListening,Content,Unit4InsidetheBrain,ThinkandDiscuss,Whatskillsdoyouneedtojuggle?Whydoyouthinklearningtojugglechangesthestructureofyourbrain?3.Whatwouldyouliketoknowaboutthebrain?,AjugglerbalancessixbasketballsinXingQingPark,Xian,China.Studiesshowthatjugglingcanchangethestructureofyourbraininjustsevendays.,Questions,ExampleAnswersInordertojuggle,Ineedtohavegoodconcentration,goodbalance,agoodsenseofspatialrelationships,andgoodhand-eyecoordination.,Whatskillsdoyouneedtojuggle?,Questions,Whydoyouthinklearningtojugglechangesthestructureofyourbrain?,ExampleAnswersLearningtojugglemakesmeuseandexercisecertainpartsofthebrain.Byusingthesepartsofthebrain,thenumberofneuronssendingsignalsand/orthenumberofconnectionsbetweenpartsofthebraincanbeincreased.,Questions,3.Whatwouldyouliketoknowaboutthebrain?,Questions,ExampleAnswersIwouldliketoknowhowwerememberthings,andhowtoimprovemymemory.Iwouldliketoknowifallpeoplearebornwiththesameabilitytolearnthings.Iwouldliketoknowmoreaboutmentalillness.Iwouldliketoknowhowourdietandexercisehabitsaffectourbrains.,Unit4InsidetheBrain,ExploringtheTheme,Lookatthephotosandreadthecaptions.Thendiscussthequestions.1.Whataresomethingsyourbrainhelpsyoudo?2.Whathappenstoyourbrainwhenyoulearnsomethingnew?3.Whatisyourhippocampus?,InsidetheBrain,Studiesshowthatwhenwelearnsomethingnew,itchangesthestructureofourbrains.,InsidetheBrain,GlenMcNeillspendssixorsevenhoursadayridinghismotorbikethroughthestreetsofLondon,Britainsohecanbecomeataxidriver.Whenhefinisheshistraining,hishippocampus,theareaofthebrainusedformemory,willbelargerthanmostadults.,InsidetheBrain,Alaurel（月桂树）maze（迷宫）atGlendurganinCornwall,England,InsidetheBrain,Whataresomethingsyourbrainhelpsyoudo?,InsidetheBrain,ExampleAnswersOurbrainhelpsustolearnandrememberthings,createandimaginestories,makejudgementsandinferences,havedifferentfeelings,etc.,2.Whathappenstoyourbrainwhenyoulearnsomethingnew?,InsidetheBrain,ExampleAnswersWhenIlearnsomethingnew,itchangesthestructureofmybrain,forexample,thehippocampusmaybecomelarger.,3.Whatisyourhippocampus?,InsidetheBrain,ExampleAnswersThehippocampusisthepartofthebrainusedformemory.,Unit4InsidetheBrain,AnalyticalListening,Listening1,documentaryn.纪录片calculatev.计算sensoryorgann.感觉器官microscopica.极小的，微小的neuronn.神经元，神经细胞sensoryneuronn.感觉神经元spinalcordn.脊髓motorneuronn.运动神经元transmitv.传送，传输pathwayn.神经通路,Animageofthehumanbrain,PredictingContent.Youaregoingtolistentoadocumentaryaboutthehumanbrain.Withapartner,discussthequestion.,BeforeListening,Listening1,Whichofthesetopicsdoyouexpecttohearaboutinthedocumentary?Check()yourideas.exerciselearningfoodneuronsmemoryintelligence,A|CheckingPredictions.Listentothedocumentaryandcheckyourpredictions.,ADocumentary,Listening,Listening1,exerciselearningfoodneuronsmemoryintelligence,B|ListeningforMainIdeas.Listenagainandcheck()themainideasofthedocumentary.,Listening1,Yourbrainisaveryimportantandcomplexorgan.Yourbraintellsyourmuscleswhattodo.Yourbrainisverypowerful.Youbraincansendmessagesveryquickly.Yourbrainhelpsyouprotectyourpets.Learningchangesyourbrain.Exercisehelpsyoulearn.,C|ListeningforDetails.Readthestatements.Thenlistenagainandcheck()TfortrueorFforfalse.,Listening1,Tobecontinued,5.Exercisecanimproveyourmood.6.Exerciseproduceschemicalsthatmakeiteasiertolearn.,TF,C|ListeningforDetails.Readthestatements.Thenlistenagainandcheck()TfortrueorFforfalse.,Listening1,Listening1,ExampleAnswers1.F(Yourbrainweighsthreepounds.)2.F(Inthedocumentary,itissaidthat“Nocomputercancomeclosetoyourbrainsability”)3.F(Yourbraincontainsabout100billionneurons.)4.T5.T6.T,D|ListeningforDetails.Readthesentences.Thenlistenagainandcompletethesentenceswithwhatyouhear.,Listening1,1.Thebrainisalsoanamazinglypowerfulorgan.Itgeneratesenoughelectricitytopowera_.2.Wheneveryoudream,laugh,think,see,ormove,itsbecause_aremovingathighspeedbetweentheseneuronsalongbillionsoftinyneuronhighways.,Tobecontinued,lightbulb,tinychemicalandelectricalsignals,3.Weknowthatlearningincreasesknowledge,butstudiesshowthatwhenyoulearn,youactuallychange_.4.Asyoupractice,yourbrainsends“bikeriding”messagesalongcertainpathwaysofneuronsoverandover,formingnew_.,Listening1,thestructureofyourbrain,connections,D|ListeningforDetails.Readthesentences.Thenlistenagainandcompletethesentenceswithwhatyouhear.,A|Discussion.Withyourpartner,discussthequestions.,Listening1,AfterListening,1.Whataresomeactivitiesorskillsthatweredifficultforyouatfirst,butareeasyforyounow(e.g.,ridingabicycle)?2.Doyouagreethatexerciseimprovesyourmood?Whyorwhynot?3.Doyouthinkthatexercisehelpsyoustudyorsolveproblemsmoreeasily?Whyorwhynot?,Listening1,ExampleAnswersAtfirst,playingtheguitar/understandingEnglish/sewing/playingvolleyball/doingmathematicalcalculations/drawingpictureswasdifficultforme,butitseasyformenow.,1.Whataresomeactivitiesorskillsthatweredifficultforyouatfirst,butareeasyforyounow(e.g.,ridingabicycle)?,Listening1,ExampleAnswer1IagreethatexerciseimprovesmymoodbecauseIfeelhappyandrelaxedafterIexercise.,2.Doyouagreethatexerciseimprovesyourmood?Whyorwhynot?,Listening1,ExampleAnswer2IdontagreethatexerciseimprovesmymoodbecauseIfeeltiredafterIexercise,anddealingwithcitytraffictogototheplacewhereIexerciseisstressful.,2.Doyouagreethatexerciseimprovesyourmood?Whyorwhynot?,Listening1,ExampleAnswer1IdothinkthatexercisehelpsmetostudyorsolveproblemsmoreeasilybecauseIwalkorridemybicycletoschoolinthemorning,andIrememberinformationfrommymorningclassesbetterthanIrememberinformationfrommyafternoonclasses.,3.Doyouthinkthatexercisehelpsyoustudyorsolveproblemsmoreeasily?Whyorwhynot?,Listening1,ExampleAnswer2IdontthinkthatexercisehelpsmetostudyorsolveproblemsmoreeasilybecauseIexercisesomeevenings,andsomeeveningsIdontexercise.MyhomeworkisntanyeasieronthenightswhenIhaveexercisedearlier.,3.Doyouthinkthatexercisehelpsyoustudyorsolveproblemsmoreeasily?Whyorwhynot?,B|Self-Reflection.Workinpairstotesthowyourbrainworks.Followtheinstructionsandthenswitchroles.,Listening1,1.Writedowneightnumbersbetweenoneand100inanyorderacrossapieceofpaper.2.Showyourpartnerthepaperandreadthenumbersaloud.3.Takethepaperawayandaskyourpartnertorepeatthenumbers.,Listening1,YourAmazingBrain.Youcarryaroundathree-poundorganinyourheadthatcontrolseverythingyouwilleverdo.Itenablesyoutothink,learn,create,andfeelemotions,andcontrolseverybreathandheartbeatthisfantasticcontrolcenterisyourbrain.Itissoamazingthatafamousscientistoncecalledit“themostcomplexthingwehaveyetdiscoveredinouruniverse”.Yourbrainworksfasterthanasupercomputer.Imagineyourcatisonyourkitchencounter.Shesabouttostepontoahotstove.Youhaveonlysecondstorespond.Byusingthesignalscomingfromyoureyes,yourbrainquicklycalculateswhen,where,andhowquicklyyouwillneedtomovetostopyourcatfromsteppingonthestove.Yourbrainthentellsyourmuscleswhattodo.Yourunacrossthekitchen,andpickyourcatup,andshessafe.Nocomputercancomeclosetoyourbrainsabilitytoreceive,process,andrespondtotheenormousamountof,Tobecontinued,Listening1,informationcomingfromyoureyes,ears,andothersensoryorgans.Thebrainisalsoanamazinglypowerfulorgan.Itgeneratesenoughelectricitytopoweralightbulb.Yourbraincontainsabout100billionmicroscopiccellscalledneuronssomanyitwouldtakeyouover3,000yearstocountthemall.Wheneveryoudream,laugh,think,see,ormove,itsbecausetinychemicalandelectricalsignalsaremovingathighspeedbetweentheseneuronsalongbillionsoftinyneuronhighways.Theactivityinyourbrainneverstops.Thousandsandthousandsofmessagesaresentaroundinsideyourbraineverysecond.Yourneuronscreateandsendmoremessagesthanallthephonesintheentireworld.Andwhileasingleneurongeneratesonlyatinyamountofelectricity,allyourneuronstogethercangenerateenoughelectricitytopoweralightbulb,Tobecontinued,Listening1,Yourneuronsarenotonlyabletosendlotsofmessages,theyareabletosendthemveryquickly.Neuronssendinformationtoyourbrainatmorethan150milesperhour.Forexample,imaginethatabeelandsonyourbarefoot.Sensoryneuronsinyourskinsendthisinformationtoyourspinalcordandbrainataspeedofmorethan150milesperhour.Yourbrainthenusesmotorneuronstotransmit,orsendthemessageback,throughyourspinalcord,tellingyourfoottoshakethebeeoffquickly.Motorneuronscantransmitthisinformationatmorethan200milesperhour.Whataboutlearning?Weknowthatlearningincreasesknowledge,butstudiesshowthatwhenyoulearn,youactuallychangethestructureofyourbrain.Forexample,anactivitylikeridingabikeseemsimpossibleatfirst.Butsoonyoumasterit.Buthowdoyoudothis?Asyoupractice,your,Tobecontinued,Listening1,brainsends“bikeriding”messagesalongcertainpathwaysofneuronsoverandover,formingnewconnections.Infact,thestructureofyourbrainchangeseverytimeyoulearn,aswellaswheneveryouhaveanewthoughtormemory.Exercisealsohasanimpactonyourbrain.Researchshowsthatexerciseactuallyhelpsmakeyousmarter.Itiswell-knownthatanyexercisethatmakesyourheartbeatfastersuchasjoggingorplayingsoccerisgoodforyourbodyandcanevenhelpimproveyourmood.Butscientistshaverecentlylearnedthatforaperiodoftimeafteryouveexercised,yourbodyproducesachemicalthatmakesiteasierforyourbraintolearn.Sothenexttimeyourestucktryingtosolveahomeworkproblem,gooutforabikerideorgojogging,thentrytheproblemagain.Youjustmightdiscoverthatyoureabletosolveit.,short-terma.短期的long-terma.长期的,Listening2,A|ListeningforMainIdeas.Readandlistentopartofaconversation.Whataretheclassmatestalkingabout?,Listening2,Cathy:DidyouunderstandeverythingProfessorWongsaidyesterdayaboutshort-termmemory?Toshi:Yeah,Ithinkso.Cathy:ImnotsurethatIdid.Toshi:Well,hereswhatIgotfromthelecture.Yourshort-termmemoryonlylastsafewseconds,right?Informationentersthebrainthroughthesensesthingswetaste,touch,smell,andsoonandwerememberitlongenoughtofunctionnormally.,Tobecontinued,BeforeListening,Listening2,Cathy:Sorry,butwhatdoyoumeanby“functionnormally”?Toshi:Well,forexample,ifIaskyouaquestion,youcanrememberthequestionlongenoughtoanswerit.Cathy:ImnotsurethatIdid.Liz:Right,butyoumightnotrememberthequestiontomorrow.,A|ListeningforMainIdeas.Readandlistentopartofaconversation.Whataretheclassmatestalkingabout?,Listening2,AnswerKeysThestudentsaretalkingaboutaprofessorslectureaboutmemory.,B|UnderstandingVisuals.Lookattheflowchartbelow.Thendiscussthequestionswithapartner.,Listening2,TheMemoryProcess,Tobecontinued,Listening2,B|UnderstandingVisuals.Lookattheflowchartbelow.Thendiscussthequestionswithapartner.,1.Howdoesinformationenterthebrain?Whataresomeexamples?2.Whatinformationfromshort-termmemorymovestolong-termmemory?3.Whataresomethingsyouhavedifficultyremembering(names,newvocabulary,etc.)?,Listening2,B|UnderstandingVisuals.Lookattheflowchartbelow.Thendiscussthequestionswithapartner.,Tobecontinued,4.Inyouropinion,whatsthebestwaytoremembersomethingyouwanttoremember?a.Repeatittoyourself.b.Writeitdown.c.Payextraattentiontoit.d.Other:_,Listening2,B|UnderstandingVisuals.Lookattheflowchartbelow.Thendiscussthequestionswithapartner.,1.Howdoesinformationenterthebrain?Whataresomeexamples?,ExampleAnswersInformationentersthebrainthroughthesenses;forexample,wemightseeafriendsface,orhearaprofessorslecture,orfeelapieceofice.,Listening2,2.Whatinformationfromshort-termmemorymovestolong-termmemory?,ExampleAnswersInformationthatwetrytorememberorthatthebraindecidesisimportantmovesfromshort-termmemorytolong-termmemory.,Listening2,3.Whataresomethingsyouhavedifficultyremembering(names,newvocabulary,etc.)?,ExampleAnswersIhavedifficultyrememberingtelephonenumbers,theyearinwhichsomethinghappened,thenamesofplantsandtrees,andwhatIdidyesterday.,Listening2,4.Inyouropinion,whatsthebestwaytoremembersomethingyouwanttoremember?a.Repeatittoyourself.b.Writeitdown.c.Payextraattentiontoit.d.Other:_,ExampleAnswersInmyopinion,thebestwaytoremembersomethingistovisualizeit(makeamentalpicture),thinkaboutitoranalyzeitinsomeway,orconnectittosomethingIalreadyknoworfeel.,Listening2,Cathy:DidyouunderstandeverythingProfessorWongsaidyesterdayaboutshort-termmemory?Toshi:Yeah,Ithinkso.Cathy:ImnotsurethatIdid.Toshi:Well,hereswhatIgotfromthelecture.Yourshort-termmemoryonlylastsafewseconds,right?Informationentersthebrainthroughthesensesthingswetaste,touch,smell,andsoonandwerememberitlongenoughtofunctionnormally.Cathy:Sorry,butwhatdoyoumeanby“functionnormally”?Toshi:Well,forexample,ifIaskyouaquestion,youcanrememberthequestionlongenoughtoanswerit.Liz:Right,butyoumightnotrememberthequestiontomorrow.,Listening2,Listening2,Listening,AConversationBetweenStudents,A|ListeningforMainIdeas.Listentothewholeconversation.Whatdothestudentssayaboutshort-termandlong-termmemory?Short-termmemory:_,Informationentersthebrainthroughthesenses,andwerememberitforafewseconds,whichislongenoughforustofunctionnormally;forexample,werememberaquestionlongenoughtoanswerit.,Listening2,Listening,AConversationBetweenStudents,A|ListeningforMainIdeas.Listentothewholeconversation.Whatdothestudentssayaboutshort-termandlong-termmemory?Long-termmemory:_,Wedecide,orourbraindecides,thatsomethingisimportant,andweformmemoriesthatlastmuchlongerthanshort-termmemories.Wemayhavetofocusonsomethingorpracticeitagainandagaininordertorememberitlongterm.,Listening2,B|ListeningforDetails.Readthesentences.Thenlistenagainandcompletethesentenceswithwhatyouhear.1.Tocreatealong-termmemory,yourbrainhasto.2.Tolearnnewinformation,youhaveto_.3.Tolearnhowtorideabicycle,youhaveto.4.Tomemorizeinformationforanexam,youhaveto_and_.,decidethatsomethingisimportant,concentrate,doitagainandagain,concentrateontheinformationwhenyouhearitorreadit,maybereviewitseveraltimes,AfterListening,A|CriticalThinking.Taketurnsaskingandansweringthequestionswithyourpartner.1.Inyourownwords,whatsthedifferencebetweenshort-termandlong-termmemory?2.Whatkindsofinformationcanyouremembereasily(e.g.,names,songs,directions,etc.)foralongtime?,Listening2,1.Inyourownwords,whatsthedifferencebetweenshort-termandlong-termmemory?,ExampleAnswersShort-termmemorydoesntlastverylongatall,whereaslong-termmemorycanlastalifetime.Inaddition,wedonthavetothinkmuchorpracticesomethinginorderforittobecomeashort-termmemory.Butwedohavetodecidetoremembersomethingandperhapspracticeorreviewitinorderforittobecomealong-termmemory.,Listening2,2.Whatkindsofinformationcanyouremembereasily(e.g.,names,songs,directions,etc.)foralongtime?,ExampleAnswersIcaneasilyrememberverygoodorverybadexperiencesforalongtime.Icanalsoremembersmells,recipes,andthelocationsofplacesinmycityquiteeasily.,Listening2,B|Self-Reflection.Readthestatementsandcheck()AgreeorDisagree.1.ItwaseasiertolearnsomethingnewwhenIwasyounger.2.Evenwithpractice,therearesomethingsIjustcantlearnhowtodo.3.IlearnfrommistakesmorequicklythanIlearninotherways.,Listening2,Tobecontinued,AgreeDisagree,4.Itseasierformetolearnhowtodosomethingnewifsomeoneshowsmeratherthantellsmehowtodoit.5.ItseasierformetorememberinformationifIwriteitdown.6.Memorizationisakindofskillthatcanbetrained.,Listening2,AgreeDisagree,B|Self-Reflection.Readthestatementsandcheck()AgreeorDisagree.,AgreeDisagree,C|Discussion.Formagroupwithanotherpairofstudents.DiscussthestatementsinexerciseB.Givereasonswhyyouagreeordisagreewitheachstatement.,Listening2,Listening2,ExampleAnswer1IagreebecausetherewasmuchlesstorememberwhenIwasyounger.Ihadntexperiencedmanythings,soeverynewexperienceseemedmoreimportant.,1.ItwaseasiertolearnsomethingnewwhenIwasyounger.,Listening2,ExampleAnswer2IdisagreebecausenowthatImolder,IknowthingsIcandotoincreasethechancesthatIllremembersomething.,1.ItwaseasiertolearnsomethingnewwhenIwasyounger.,Listening2,ExampleAnswer1IagreebecauseIvetriedtolearntoplayping-pong,andIdontgetanybetteratit.Ithinkmyphysicalreactionsaretooslow,soIllneverbegoodatplayingping-pong.,2.Evenwithpractice,therearesomethingsIjustcantlearnhowtodo.,Listening2,ExampleAnswer2IdisagreebecauseIthinkweallhavethesamepotentialforlearning.Ifonepersoncanbegoodatdrivingacar,thenanotherpersoncanlearntodrivewell,too.,2.Evenwithpractice,therearesomethingsIjustcantlearnhowtodo.,Listening2,ExampleAnswer1IagreebecauseIregretmymistakes,andthatmakesmefeelbad.Ithinkthebraindecidestoremembernegativeexperiencessowecanavoidtheminthefuture.,3.IlearnfrommistakesmorequicklythanIlearninotherways.,Listening2,ExampleAnswer2Idisagreebecausethebestwayformetolearnistobesuccessfulatsomething.Successmakesmefeelgoodaboutmyself,andsoIremembertodothingsinthesamewaythenexttime.,3.IlearnfrommistakesmorequicklythanIlearninotherways.,Listening2,ExampleAnswer1IagreebecauseIamavisuallearner.Iftheteacherdemonstratessomethinglikeascienceexperiment,Icanrememberexactlywhatheorshedidevenmonthslater.,4.Itseasierformetolearnhowtodosomethingnewifsomeoneshowsmeratherthantellsmehowtodoit.,Listening2,ExampleAnswer2IdisagreebecauseIrememberthingsthatIhearlongerthanthingsthatIsee.Iftheteachersayssomethinginclass,Icanrememberexactlywhatheorshesaidevenmonthslater.,4.Itseasierformetolearnhowtodosomethingnewifsomeoneshowsmeratherthantellsmehowtodoit.,Listening2,ExampleAnswer1IagreebecauseifItakenotesinclass,IremembertheinformationverywellevenifIdontreviewthenoteslater.Justtheactofthinkingandtakingnoteshelpsmetoremember.,5.ItseasierformetorememberinformationifIwriteitdown.,Listening2,ExampleAnswer2IdisagreebecauseifIwritesomethingdown,itmeansIdonthavetorememberit.IdecidethatIcanreadtheinformationlater,anditdoesntentermylong-termmemory.,5.ItseasierformetorememberinformationifIwriteitdown.,Listening2,ExampleAnswer1Iagreebecausetherearetechniquesfo