2014年高考英语一轮复习语法专题课件43：短文改错.ppt

43短文改错,（一）解题步骤,1浏览全文，掌握大意,2分句阅读，逐行找错,3由易到难,各个击破,4检查核对，注意方法,（1）词法内容。包括名词、代词的数与格，反身代词，动词时态语态，非谓语动词、短语动词的用法，不规则动词的变化形式，形容词的比较级，形容词副词的区别，介词的误用等。（2）句法内容。包括主谓一致、指代一致，并列连词，从属连词等引导各种从句的关联词语，感叹句，疑问句，祈使句的结构等。（3）行文逻辑。包括句子的肯定、否定、推理判断等。,高考内容,a.(00)Shesaidthatsheandmyschoolmateallwishedmesuccess.,schoolmates,b.(04)Afterclasswebecomestrangeratonce.,strangers,c.(01)TheywantmetodevoteallmytimetomystudiessothatIllgetmarksinallmysubject.,subjects,1.名词,考点设置,e.(02)OnthewayupIwasbusytakingpicturesincethescenerywassobeautiful.,pictures,e.(05)Thereareadvantageforstudentstoworkwhilestudyingatschool,命题特点:本来用复数,却用单数.改正方法:(1)根据名词前的修饰限定成份;(2)根据上下文的逻辑关系.,f.(06)Hehadnoideasthatthekitchenwasnotforguests.,advantages,idea,g、(07)Ilookedathisotherhands.,hand,a.(02)Itwasaboutnoonwhenwearrivedatthefootofthemountain.Thethreeofthemwereveryexcited.,b.(03)SoonIbegantoenjoytalkingtomyselfonpaperasIwaslearningtoexpressmeinsimpleEnglish.,us,2.代词,myself,c.(03)OnedayIwrotealittlestoryandshowedtomyteacher.,d.(05)Somestudentsmayalsosaveupforourcollegeorfutureuse.,it,their,e.(03)IwaslearningtoexpressmeinsimpleEnglish.f.(06)Ijustsmiledtomeandthought,“WhatcanIdo?Weareguestsafterall.”,命题特点：1.女性代词指代男性或相反；2.单数指代复数；3.代词词性误用。改正方法：联系上下文的逻辑关系。,myself,myself,they,g、(07)Itookitinmeandwewalked.,mine,1.人称代词的偷换错误,2.缺少人称代词的错误,3.人称代词数的一致问题,4.人称代词格的一致问题,代词的错误,1.TheSmithsdidhisbesttomakemefeelathome.(NMET03)2.IhaveagoodfriendwhosnameisLiuMei.(2004福建),their,whose,a.(01)wedonotseemtogetmuchtimetotalkabouttogether.,b.(02)IwassotiredthatIfellasleepatthemomentmyheadtouchedthepillow.,c.(03)ThemainproblemwasinthatIalwaysthoughtinChineseandtriedtotranslateanythingintoEnglish.,d.(04)Welltalkwithourplanfortheweekendoverdinner.,3.介词,at,about,e.(05)Iamwritingtothankyouwithyourkindhelp.,for,in,f.(06)Hewaslookingforaglassthecupboard.,命题特点及改正方法：介词涉及搭配错误，因此可从以下方面确定错误：1）介词的基本用法；2）习惯搭配；3）动词词类确定错误，如talk,serve,wait等。,in,g、(07)Eachtheselinesstandsforatroubleinmylife.,of,介词短语常常考，固定搭配要记牢。介词后边跟宾语，结合语境细推敲。,介词的错误,1.Wepractiseforthreetimeseveryweek.(NMET98),2.AndIcantforgetthefoodyoucookedforI.(NMET95),me,for,a.(01)Theydidnotwantmetodoanyworkathome;theywantmetodevoteallmytimetomystudiessothat-,do,b.(02)Thetimepassesquickly.Eveningcame.,4.动词时态,passed,c.(03)Shelikeditverymuchandreadsittotheclass.,d.(04)Idontknowthattheydontliketotalkwithme.Sometimes,wetalkedtoeachotherverywellinclass.,read,talk,f.(05)Iwillwriteagainandsendyouthephotoswetaketogether.g.(06)WehadguestslastnightwhohavenotstayedinaB&Bhotelago.,命题特点及改正方法：现在时与过去时的误用，句中一般没有时间状语。每年都考。要注意联系上下文，着眼于整个语篇的时态。通常整篇都是过去，突然一个句子用现在时。其中又以一般现在时和过去时互改为多。,took,had,h.(07)ThenIaskhim.,asked,a.(00)Sheissmilingatmebutnoddingatme.,and,b.(01)Itlooksasifmyparentstreatmeasavisitorandaguest.,c.(02)Thefoodwasexpensiveandtheservicewasgood.,or,5.andbutor误用及前后不一致,but,d.(06)Icameintothelivingroomandsawoneofthemjustgothroughthekitchendoorbutturnonthelight.,e.(02)wefedmonkeys,visitingtemplesandtoldstories.,and,visited,f.(03)shelikeditverymuchandreadsittotheclass.,命题特点：主要考查and、or、but、so等并列连词的误用。改正方法；1）根据句意确定误；2）根据句子的逻辑关系确定错误。,read,a.(02)Itwasaboutnoonwearrivedatthefootofthemountain.,in,b.(04)Idontknowthattheydontliketotalkwithme.,c.(03)ThemainproblemwasinthatIalwaysthoughtinChineseandtriedtotranslateeverythingintoEnglish.,how,6.从句连词,d.(01)Whatthingsareinotherhomes,Iwonder.,why,when,f.(05)Earningtheirownmoneyallowsthemtospendonanythingasiftheyplease.,g.(06)Theydidnotwantbreakfastbecausethattheyweregoingoutearlyinthemorning.,if,that,命题特点及改正方法：句子结构方面的错误主要涉及句子成份和复合句的关联词等。解答这类题从以下方面来思考：1）句子结构是否完整，成份是否冗缺；2）复合句中边接方句和从句的关系词或引导词的运用是否得当等。,a.(02)Aseveryoneknows,itsfamousmountainwithallkindsofplantsandanimals.,the,b.(01)Wemaybeonefamilyandliveunderasameroof,but-,c.(04)onThursdayIwillhavetodecidewhatIwanttodooveraweekend.,the,7.冠词,a,d.(05)Ihopeyouvehadpleasantjourneyhome,a,命题特点及改正方法：英语中冠词只有三个，只能从以下几个方向出题：1）不定冠词a和an互改；2）不定冠词a或an和定冠词the互改；3）根据需要增删冠词。,a.(04)Iwoulddescribemyselfasshyandquietly.,quiet,b.(04)TherehavebeenreportsinAmericaaboutpeopletryingtostealpersoninformationforbadpurposes.,personal,c.(04)FindinginformationontheNetiseasily.,easy,d.(05)SowhatIlearnedfromthejobwasmuchmoreimportantaswhatIearned.,than,8.形容词、副词,e.(05)Mypronunciationwasterribly.f.(06)Theycamebacklatelyandhadsometea.,命题特点及改正方法：主要考查形容词和副词的误用、形容词及副词的比较级等。1）根据adj.或adv.的基本用法确定错误；2）修饰连系动词或名词用形容词；3）修饰行为动词、形容词、过去分词及整个句子用副词。,terrible,late,a.(01)MyparentswilldoalltheycanmakesurethatIgetagoodeducation.,to,b.(02)Wefedmonkeys,visitingtemplesandtoldstories.,talking,c.(03)SoonIbegantoenjoytalktomyselfonpaperasIwaslearningtoexpressmyselfinsimpleEnglish.,9.非谓语动词,visited,d.(05)Somestudentsmayalsotosaveupforourcollegeorfutureuse.,to,f.(05)Earningtheirownmoneyallowthemtospendonanythingastheyplease.,命题特点改正方法：1）谓语动词和非谓语动词的错用；2）动词不定式和动名词的错用；3）现在分词和过去分词的错用等。,allows,一、动词形,主要包括两类错误：动词的时态和语态错误，以及主、谓不一致的错误。例如：,NMET2003：Shelikeditverymuchandreadsittotheclass.NMET2000：Nowmypictureandprizeishanginginthelibrary.,read,are,动词形常见错误,一般过去时与一般现在时错用。第三人称单数形式错用。and前后动词时态不一致。(and具有对称性）主谓不一致。缺少谓语动词（尤其缺be动词）主动语态与被动语态错用Usedto的运用错误,二、名词数,指名词单、复数形式的用法错误。常表现为将名词复数写成单数。例如：,NMET2001：sothatIllgetgoodmarksinallmysubject.NMET2003:Theirwordwereagreatencouragementtome._,subjects,words,改正方法：根据名词前的修饰限定成份根据上下文的逻辑关系,1.Thereareadvantageforstudentstoworkwhilestudyingatschool.(NMET2005),2.OnthewayupIwasbusytakingpicturesincethescenerywassobeautiful.(NMET2002）,advantages,pictures,三、还要注意形和副,注意形容词和副词在句子中的作用和具体用法。这也是高考短文改错题的常考点。例如：,NMET2004:Iwoulddescribemyselfasshyandquietly._NMET2005:Heaskedangryifwehadfinishedthework._,quiet,angrily,命题特点及改正方法：主要考查形容词和副词的误用、形容词及副词的比较级等。根据adj或adv的基本用法确定错误；修饰连系动词或名词用形容词；修饰行为动词、形容词、过去分词及整个句子用副词。,Mypronunciationwasterribly.(NMET2005),2.Unfortunate,therearetoomanypeopleinmyfamily.(NMET99),terrible,Unfortunately,（1）整体把握短文大意。（2）逐句分析，把握结构。（3）粗略分析词法、句法、逻辑上是否有问题。（4）逐行修改，先易后难。（5）复读全文，验证答案。（6）要注意答题是否合乎规范。,应试技巧点拨,动词形，名词数，还要注意形和副；非谓语，细辨别，习惯用法要记住；句子成分多分析，逻辑错误须关注；冠词连词常光顾。,短文改错口诀：,四、非谓语，细辨别,这是考查最多的错误形式之一。主要有现在分词、过去分词，动名词和不定式错误。例如：,NMET2001：MyparentslovemeandwilldoalltheycanmakesureNMET2002:Wefedmonkeys,visitingtemplesandtoldstories._NMET2003:SoonIbegantoenjoytalktomyselfonpaperasIwaslearningtoexpressmyselfinsimpleEnglish._,to,visited,talking,非谓语动词常见的错误,1）不定式2）动名词作主语、宾语3）and连接的不定式或动名词前后一致（尤其距离较远时）4）现在分词和过去分词的区别等。,1.TheywilldoalltheycanmakesurethatIgetagoodeducation.(NMET2001),2.Playfootballmakesusgrowuptallandstrong.(NMET1998）,to,Playing,五、习惯用法要记住,主要考查习惯搭配方面的基础知识，其错误表现形式主要有三种：多词、少词和搭配错误。例如：,NMET2000:Suddenly,IcaughtasightofmyEnglishteacher._NMET2003:Myteacheradvisedmetokeepmydiary._,a,a,六、句子成分多分析,不同的句子成分要用不同的词类；不同的语境要选择不同的词语。只有对句子结构和成分作细致的分析，才能找出用词不当的错误。例如：,NMET2004:Idontknowthattheydontliketotalkwithme._NMET1997：IliveinBeijing，whereisthecapitalofChina._,why,which,七、逻辑错误须关注,与句子的上、下文不一致，甚至相矛盾，属于逻辑性错误，如称谓上的张冠李戴。例如：,NMET2003:ThemainproblemwasthatIalwaysthoughtinChineseandtriedtotranslateanythingintoEnglish._NMET2005:Somestudentsmayalsosaveupforourcollegeorfutureuse._,everything,their,常考的错误形式有：连词but，and，or和so的用法错误，以及冠词的用法错误等。例如：,NMET2000：ShewassmilingbutnoddingatmeNMET2001：Itlooksasifmyparentstreatmeasavisitorandaguest.NMET2001：Wemaybeonefamilyandliveunderasameroof.,and,or,the,八、冠词、连词常光顾,小结,做短文该错应采取三个步骤,1.通读短文，掌握大意,2.细读全文，逐一作答,3.复读全文，验证答案,短文改错应注意的问题,四不改:标点符号不改。大小写不改。词序错误不改（不是不改，而是按错词或少词来改)。在纲外生词不改。文中出现带汉语注释的词，在句中不可能用错。,Dontforget!,请进入改错陷阱！,Challengeyourself!,Inoureverydaylife,ifwemakesomemistakes,weshouldcorrectthem,thenwearestillgoodfellows.ChairmanMaoswords,Wehadguestslastnightwhohavenotstayed76inaB&Bhotelago.Th