Chinese_Culture--中国文化介绍

ExploretheChineseCulture,Letslearntogether!EricLi,WhatisCultureDefinition?,Someconceiveofcultureasseparatinghumansfromnon-humans.Somedefineitascommunicableknowledge.Someasthesumofhistoricalachievementsproducedbymanssociallife.Inaword:cultureislearned,shared,andtransmittedfromthegenerationtothenext.,ChineseCultureOverview,China:9,600,000squarekilometers,isproudoffivethousandyearshistory.56ethnicgroups:livinginChinahavedevelopedtheirowncustoms.,Toomanycultureelements!,BriefContents,1.ChineseReligionandPhilosophy:Confucianism,TaoismandBuddhism2.Modernbusinessculturepinyin:Rji)isaChineseethicalandphilosophicalsystemdevelopedfromtheteachingsofConfucius(KngFz,lit.MasterKong,551478BC).Itisacomplexsystemofmoral,social,political,philosophical,andquasi-religiousthoughtthathashadtremendousinfluenceonthecultureandhistoryofEastAsia.,TeachingsofConfucianism,ThebasicclouofConfucianismstressestheimportanceoftheindividualmoraldevelopment,sothatthestatecanbegovernedbymoralvirtueratherthanbythelaws.Goldenmean(philosophy):thefelicitousmiddlebetweentheextremesofexcessanddeficiency“Ridthetwoends,takethemiddleone.”RelationshipsarecentraltoConfucianism.Particulardutiesarisefromonesspecialsituationinrelationtoothers.,Ren仁(benevolence,love)pinyin:Loz;)wasaphilosopherofChinaaround6thcenturyB.C.andisacentralfigureinTaoism.LaoziliterallymeansOldMasterandisgenerallyconsideredanhonorific.TaoismistheChinesereligionwhichbelievesinghostsandspirits.Itemphasizedcooperationwiththenaturalforces.,TeachingsofTaoism,Wuwei(无为;pinyin:wwi)isacentralconceptinTaoism.Theliteralmeaningofwuweiiswithoutaction.Itisoftenexpressedbytheparadoxweiwuwei,meaningactionwithoutactionoreffortlessdoing.,1.3Buddhism,Shakyamuni,Buddhismisareligionandphilosophyencompassingavarietyoftraditions,beliefsandpractices,largelybasedonteachingsattributedtoShakyamuni(Gautama),commonlyknownastheBuddha.BuddhalivedandtaughtinthenortheasternIndiansubcontinentsometimebetweenthe6thand4thcenturiesBC.,BuddhisminChina,BuddhismisthemostimportantreligioninChina.ItisgenerallybelievedthatitwasspreadtoCentralChinain67ADduringtheHanDynasty(206BC-220).DuringitsdevelopmentinChina,ithasaprofoundinfluenceontraditionalChinesecultureandthoughts,andhasbecomeoneofthemostimportantreligionsinChina.,JourneytoTheWest,TeachingsoftheBuddha,Lifeisfilledwithsuffering.Sufferingiscausedbypeopleswants.,Buddhismpromotescodeofconductinlife.ThatiswhattheycallFivePreceptsofavoidingkilling,stealing,indulging,lyingandalcoholdrinking.Itleadstoself-understanding.,KingofMonkey,BriefContents,1.ChineseReligionandPhilosophy:Confucianism,TaoismandBuddhism2.Modernbusinesscultureifnot,thenjusttakeasipisacommonphrasedexchangedduringgatherings.Notgood.,RelationshipandfacearecompletelylegalinChinesecultureandnotregardedasbribery.,CardinalRulesinNegotiation,BusinessnegotiationsinChinarequireamuchmorepatientapproach.TheChineseculturemakesthepeoplesuspiciousofstrangers,thetermwellconsideritwillbeheardfrequently.,DontsayordoanythingtoembarasstheChineseparticipantsandcausethemtoloseface.Dontpointyourfingeroranysharpobjectsuchasapenorpencilatanyone.Dontloseyourtemperandraiseyourvoice.DontwearBrightcolours.,2.3GiftGiving,Giftgivingisabigpartofanyculture.EspeciallygrowingupChinese.Giftsareoftenusedin“Guanxitoestablish,orbringequilibriumtotherelationship.,Thingstoavoid.,Donotgiveknives,scissors,letteropeners,etc.ItimpliestheseveringofarelationshipDonotexpectthatagiftwillbeopenedimmediatelyAvoidgivingthingstopeopleingroupsoffour,sincethenumberfourinChineseisahomonymfortheworddeath.NevergiveaChinesegentlemanagreenhat.Itisassociatedwithadultery.Donotwrapgiftsinwhite,blueorblackpaper.Giftsmayberefusedthreetimesbeforetheyareaccepted.,2.3DiningEtiquette,Ifyouaretheguest,waittobeseatedashierarchyisinvolved.Eatingusuallybeginsoncethehostoffersthefirstdrink.3.Letolderpeopleeatfirst,orifyouhearaneldersayletseat,youcanstarttoeat.4.Whenhelpingyourselftothedishes,youshouldtakefoodfirstfromtheplatesinfrontofyouratherthanthoseinfrontofothers.5.Donotstickchopsticksverticallyintoyourfood,especiallynotintorice,asthiswillmakeChinesethinkoffunerals.,BriefContents,1.ChineseReligionandPhilosophy:Confucianism,TaoismandBuddhism2.ModernbusinessculturemostvisitorscomingtoBeijingwillneverforgettohaveatry.,4.Chineseartsandcrafts,TraditionalFestival:SpringFestival2.ChineseFolkArts:BeijingOpera,MartialArts3.Chinesecrafts:Painting,Embroidery,ChinaChineseArchitecture,SpringFestival,TherearemanytraditionalfestivalsinChina,suchasSpringFestival,LanternFestival,DragonBoatFestival,Mid-AutumnFestival.ButSpringFestival,alsoknownasChinesenewyear,isthemostimportantinourculture,justasimportantasChristmasDayinwesternculture.,SpringFestival,TheoriginofSpringFestival”Nian”,lunaryear.CelebrationreunionandthanksgivingNewYearsEveDinnerFireworksDuiLian,TraditionalFestival,ChineseDumpling-themostimportantfoodsinChineseNewYear,Fireworksareusedtoscarethebeast“Nian”andtogetridofillluck,Reflectthebestwishestotheupcomingyear,ChineseFolkArts,业务流程,Chinesefolkarts,TraditionalFestival,MartialArts(KungFu),BeijingOpera,Twospecialarts,BeijingOpera,BeijingoperaisthemostinfluentialoperainChinaandhasahistoryofaround200years.Itsynthesizestheartsofsinging,dancing,recitation,martialarts,andinstrumentalmusic.Symbolismdominatesthemotionsandstagedesigns.TherearefourmainrolesinBeijingOpera:Sheng:isthemaleroleinBeijingOpera.Dan:isallfemaleroles.Jing:isknownashualian,arolewithapaintedface,whoisamanofspecialcharacter,featuresandpersonality.Chou:isalsocalledxiaohualian.Achoumaybeakind-hearted,humorousandfunnyfellow(sometimelikesbuffoon).,BeijingOpera,ShengDanJingChouThefacialpaintingisworthappreciatingforitsartisticvalue,MartialArts(KungFu),AnyonewhohasseenclassicalChineseKungFumovieswillbedeeplyimpressedbytheChineseWushu,whichiscalledKungFuorChinesemartialartsinthewest.,DoyouknowBruceLee,JetLiorJackieChan?,MartialArts(KungFu),KungFuisanimportantanduniquecomponentofChineseculturalheritagewithcenturiesofculturalhistoryattached.KungFunotonlyincludesphysicalexercisebutalsoChinesephilosophy,meditationandaesthetics.KungFuspurposefromself-defensetohealthmaintenanceandfinallyasmethodofself-cultivation.,KongFu,ChineseArchitecture,业务流程,AChinesestru