海明威简介及其作品分析ppt课件

ErnestHemingway(18991961),1,1899-1961OakPark,IllinoisSecondchildinafamilyofsixHuntingandfishing,YoungHemingwayfishinginMichiganin1904,2,ReporterintheKansasCityStarnewspaperRedCrossvolunteerWoundedDecoratedbytheItaliangovernment,ErnestHemingwayasanAmericanRedCrossvolunteerinItaly,1918,3,MarriageParis,FranceTravelEuropeInOurTimeTheSunAlsoRises,ErnestHemingwayandHadleyHemingwayinSwitzerland,1922,4,.,NobelPrizeWinnerin1954Toavoidtheuseofadjectives,esp.suchextravagantonesassplendid,gorgeous,grand,magnificentetc.Attainedthepreferencesforshortsentences,shortfirstparagraphsandvigorousEnglishTheSunAlsoRises(1926)JakeBarnesRobertCohnBrettAshley,5,SpanishCivilWarbuteventuallytheyarequiteclearandbytheseandthedegreeofalchemythathepossesseshewillendureorbeforgotten.,14,Writing,atitsbest,isalonelylife.OrganizationsforwriterspalliatethewriterslonelinessbutIdoubtiftheyimprovehiswriting.Hegrowsinpublicstatureasheshedshislonelinessandoftenhisworkdeteriorates.Forhedoeshisworkaloneandifheisagoodenoughwriterhemustfaceeternity,orthelackofit,eachday.,15,Foratruewritereachbookshouldbeanewbeginningwherehetriesagainforsomethingthatisbeyondattainment.Heshouldalwaystryforsomethingthathasneverbeendoneorthatothershavetriedandfailed.Thensometimes,withgreatluck,hewillsucceed.,16,Howsimplethewritingofliteraturewouldbeifitwereonlynecessarytowriteinanotherwaywhathasbeenwellwritten.Itisbecausewehavehadsuchgreatwritersinthepastthatawriterisdrivenfaroutpastwherehecango,outtowherenoonecanhelphim.Ihavespokentoolongforawriter.Awritershouldwritewhathehastosayandnotspeakit.AgainIthankyou.,17,.,LiteraryPointofView:EssentiallyanegativewriterHoldsablack,naturalisticviewoftheworldandseesitas“allanothing”SeeslifeintermsofbattlesandtensionThetypicalHemingwaysituationsareusuallycharacterizedbychaosandbrutalityandviolence,bycrimeanddeath,andsport,harddrinkingandsexualpromiscuity.CodeHerowoundedbutstrong,moresensitivityandactionbutlesswords,enjoyspleasureoflife(sex,alcohol,sport),infaceofruinanddeathandmaintainsanidealofhimself.,18,.,WritingStyleHealwaysmanagestochoosewordsconcrete,specific,morecommonlyfound,moreAnglo-Saxon,casualandconversational,andemploystheminasyntaxofshortsimplesentences,whichareorderlyandpatterned,conversationalandsometimesungrammatical.Hisdistinctivewritingstyleischaracterizedbyeconomyandunderstatement.Heusedunderstate-mentandomissionwhichmakethetextmultilayeredandrichinallusions.,19,IcebergPrinciple“TheDignityofmovementofanicebergisduetoonlyone-eighthofitbeingabovewater.”Hebelievesthattheabovepartmustbeimplicitandmultiple,andtheunderpartisforthereaderstoimagine.,20,onlyasmallportionofwhatthewriterknowsisincludedinthebook,leavingaboutninetypercentofthecontentamysterythatgrowsbeneaththesurfaceofthewriting.Agoodwriterdoesnotneedtorevealeverydetailofacharacteroraction.,IcebergTheory,21,AFarewelltoArms,PlotSummaryAFarewelltoArmsopensinItalyduringtheFirstWorldWar.Thenovelsmaincharacter,FredericHenry,isayoungAmericanservingasasecondlieutenantintheItalianArmyandworksasanambulancedriver.HisfriendRinaldi,agood-lookingItaliansurgeon,introducesFredericHenrytoCatherineBarkley,whoisdescribedasatall,beautifulwomanwithlongblondehair.Heisverymuchattractedtoherandwouldliketobecomeromanticallyinvolvedwithher.AlthoughCatherinerespondstohisfirstattempttokissherbyslappinghim,theygraduallybecomemoreandmoreinterestedineachother.,22,Fredericfeelsindifferentaboutthewargoingonaroundhim,feelingthatithaslittletodowithhim.Onedayinadugout(防空洞),ashellwoundsFredericbadly,andheistakentoafieldhospitalandthentransferredtoanAmericanhospitalinMilan.Soonafter,Catherinecomestothehospitaltovisithimandeventuallymanagestostayandworkatthehospital.FredericandCatherinebeginspendingnightstogetherwhilesheisonnight-dutyinthehospital.GraduallyFredericfindshimselffallingmoreandmoreinlovewithCatherine.BeforeFredericleavesforthefront,Catherineannouncesthatsheispregnant.,23,FredericHenryreturnstothefront,realizingquicklythatthemenatthefronthavelosttheirspiritanddriveinthewar.HemingwaydescribesthemassiveItalianretreatfromthetownofCaporettowhentheGermanandAustrianforcesbeganmovingagainsttheminOctober,1917.FredericcomestoalongwoodenbridgeontheTagliamentoRiver,wheremilitarypolice,thecarabinieri(宪兵),areseizingtheirownItalianofficersandexecutingthemforcallingtheretreat.Fredericisdetained,buthebreaksfreeandjumpsintotherivertoescape.FredericfloatsdowntheriverandeventuallyjumpsatrainheadedforMilanandCatherine.Sickofthewarandfinishedwithfightingforanationthatisnotevenhisown,FredericiswellcontenttomakehisfarewelltoarmsandtodeserthispostintheItalianarmy.,24,Duringarainstorm,thebartenderinthehotelwarnsFredericthatheisindangerofbeingcaughtasadeserterbytheauthoritiesandsuggeststhatFredericandCatherineborrowhisboatandescapeacrossthelakeintoSwitzerland.FredericrowsallnightandarriveinSwitzerland,theyarearrested,butFredericexplainsthattheyaretouristsandthattheyhavecometoSwitzerlandforthewintersports.Becausetheyhaveagoodbitofmoneyandvalidpassports,theauthoritiesletthemgo.FredericandCatherinetraveltoMontreuxandspendahappyandromanticfallinasmallchalet(小木屋)amidstthemountainpines.,25,WhenCatherineisreadytogivebirth,FrederictakeshertoahospitalinLausanne.Catherineslaborisextremelydifficult,andthedoctorgivesherlaughinggastoeasethepain.Whenitisclearthatsheisnotgoingtobeabletogivebirthtothechildnaturally,thedoctortriestodeliveritbycesareansection,butthebabyisalreadydead.AnursesendsFredericouttogetsomethingtoeat.Whenhereturns,helearnsthatCatherinehasbeguntohemorrhage.Thedoctorisunabletostopthebleeding,andCatherinesconditiongraduallyworsens.OncesheandFredericsaygood-bye,Catherineslipsintounconsciousnessandsoondies.Catherineisgone.Fredericwalksbacktothehotelaloneintherain.,26,AnalysisofMajorCharacters,FredericHenryInthesectionsofthenovelinwhichhedescribeshisexperienceinthewar,Henryportrayshimselfasamanofduty.Heattachestothisunderstandingofhimselfnosenseofhonor,nordoesheexpectanypraiseforhisservice.Evenafterhehasbeenseverelywounded,hediscouragesRinaldifrompursuingmedalsofdistinctionforhim.Timeandagain,throughconversationswithmenlikethepriest,EttoreMoretti,andGino,Henrydistanceshimselffromsuchabstractnotionsasfaith,honor,andpatriotism.Conceptssuchasthesemeannothingtohimbesidesuchconcretefactsofwarasthenamesofthecitiesinwhichhehasfoughtandthenumbersofdecimated(严重破坏的)streets.,27,Henryisadisillusionedmanofthemodernworldsearchingforsomevaluesorsomesystemthathecanbelievein.Heisalonesomeandconfusedandrestlessman.Hedoesnotfunctionwellinthiswhirlwindexistenceofdisorderandconfusion.HidbasicdesiretoderivesomecodeoflifebywhichhecanlivecauseshimfirsttoattachhimselftoCatherineBarkley.Laterheseesintheirrelationshipatypeoforder,atypeofcommitmenttoaregularexistence.Ultimatelyintheendofthenovel,Henrycomestotherealizationthatlifecanbefacedonlyifhedevelopswithinhimselfaninnerstrengthandinnerdisciplinewhichwillallowhimtomeetallencounterswiththesamegraceunderpressure.,28,CatherineBarkleyWiththeadventoffeministcriticism,readershavebecomemorevocalabouttheirdissatisfactionwithHemingwaysdepictionsofwomen,which,accordingtocriticssuchasLeslieA.Fiedler,tendtofallintooneoftwocategories:overlydominantshrews,likeLadyBrettinTheSunAlsoRises,andoverlysubmissiveconfections,likeCatherineBarkleyinAFarewelltoArms.Hemingwaywasathisbestdealingwithmenwithoutwomen;whenhestartedtoinvolvefemalecharactersinhiswriting,herevertedtouncomplicatedstereotypes.AFarewelltoArmscertainlysupportssuchareading:itiseasytoseehowCatherinesblissfulsubmissiontodomesticity,especiallyatthenovelsend,mightranklecontemporaryreadersforwhomlinessuchas“Imhavingachildandthatmakesmecontentednottodoanything”suggestabygoneerainwhichawomansworkcenteredaroundmaintainingahomeandfillingitwithchildren.,29,Sheisaloving,dedicatedwomanwhosedesireandcapacityforaredemptive,otherworldlylovemakeshertheinevitablevictimoftragedy.Sheisastaticcharacter.Shediesasshehadlived,withhonesty,withdiscipline,andwithcourage.“Itsjustadirtytrick.”,30,Themes,1.TheGrimRealityofWarThenoveloffersmasterfuldescriptionsoftheconflictssenselessbrutalityandviolentchaos:thesceneoftheItalianarmysretreatremainsoneofthemostprofoundevocationsofwarinAmericanliterature.2.TheRelationshipBetweenLoveandPainIftheyaretoachievephysical,emotional,andpsychologicalhealing,theyhavefoundtheperfectplaceinthesaferemoveoftheSwissmountains.Thetragedyofthenovelrestsinthefactthattheirlove,evenwhengenuine,canneverbemorethantemporaryinthisworld.,31,Symbols,RainRainservesinthenovelasapotentsymboloftheinevitabledisintegrationofhappinessinlife.CatherineinfusestheweatherwithmeaningassheandHenrylieinbedlisteningtothestormoutside.Astherainfallsontheroof,Catherineadmitsthattherainscaresherandsaysthatithasatendencytoruinthingsforlovers.Ofcourse,nometeorologicalphenomenonhassuchpower;sym