高中英语语法复习专题-省略句

省略句基本概念省略句的定义：省略句是为了避免重复、突出新信息并使上下文紧密连接的一种语法修辞手段。省略在语言中，尤其在对话中，是一种十分普遍的现象。,简单句的省略,1、省略主语祈使句中主语通常省略；其它省略主语多限于少数现成的说法。,(1)(I)Thankyouforyourhelp.(2)(I)Seeyoutomorrow.(3)(It)Doesntmatter.(4)(I)Begyourpardon.,2、省略主谓或主谓语的一部分,(1)(Thereis)Nosmoking.(2)(Isthere)Anythingwrong?(3)(Willyou)Haveasmoke?(4)What/How(doyouthink)aboutacupoftea?(5)Why(doyou)notsayhellotohim?,简单句的省略,3、在简单句中,在某些动词后(want,wish,hope,like,love,promise),可省略作宾语的不定式短语，只保留to，,(1)Areyougoingthere?-Yes,Idliketo(gothere).(2)Hedidntgivemethechance,thoughhehadpromisedto(givemethechance).(3)Areyouanengineer?-No,butIwanttobe(anengineer).(4)Hehasntfinishedthetaskyet.-Well,heoughttohave.,但如果该宾语是动词be或完成时态，则须在之后加上be或have:,简单句的省略,4、省略表语,(1)Areyouthirsty?-Yes,Iam(thirsty).(2)Hisbrotherisntlazy,norishissister(lazy).,5、同时省略几个成分,(1)Letsmeetatthesameplaceas(wemet)yesterday.(2)-Haveyoufinishedyourwork?-(Ihave)Not(finishedmywork)yet.,并列句中的省略,两个并列句中，后一个分句常省略与前一分句中相同的部分。,(1)Myfatherisadoctorandmymother(is)anurse.(2)Istudyatcollegeandmysister(studies)athighschool.(3)Whensummercomes,thedayisgettinglongerandlonger,andthenight(isgetting)shorterandshorter.,主从复合句中的省略,1、主句中主谓被省略,(1)(Im)Sorrytohearyouareill.(2)(Itsa)Pitythathemissedsuchagoodchance.,2、用so,not省略上文或问句中的一部分或整个句义。,(1)Ishecomingbacktonight?-Ithinkso.(2)Shemustbebusynow?-Ifso,shecantgowithus.(3)Isshefeelingbettertoday?-Imafraidnot.(4)Doyouthinkhewillattendthemeeting?-Iguessnot.这种用法常见的有：think;hope;believe;suppose;beafraid;if,even.Howso?Whyso?Isthatso?Ihopeso.Hesaidso.及Isuppose/believe/hopenot.,注意:表示意义否定时,可用not代替so,believe,suppose,think等也可说Idontbelieve()so.但hope,beafraid,guess只可说Ihopenot;Imafraidnot;Iguessnot.,其它省略,1、在while,when,if,asif,though,although,as,until,once,whether,unless,where等连接的状语从句中，从句的主语与主句的主语一致时，可省去“主语+be”部分,When(hewas)stillaboyof10,hehadtoworkdayandnight.(2)Shetriedherbestthough(shewas)ratherpoorinhealth.(3).Areyougoingtotheparty?-No,unlessinvited.(4).Heopenedhismouthasif(hewere)tospeak.(5).Theriveriscleanwhere(itis)deep.(6).Ifgivenanothertenminutes,IcouldhavefinishedpassageD.=AnothertenminutesandI-=Givenanother-,当状语从句的主语和谓语部分是itis/was时，itis/was可能省略。Youmusteatitwhen(itis)fresh.If(itis)heated,waterbecomessteam.When(itis)necessaryyoucanhelpustodosomething.Helphimif(itis)possible.,2.than,as,asif,asthough引导的比较状语从句和方式状语从句中,和主句相同的一些成分常可省略.Ihavemoreconfidentinyouthan(Ihave)inhim.,其它省略,3、不定式符号to的省略,并列的不定式可省去后面的to.Itoldhimtositdownandwaitforamoment.(2)help当“帮助”讲时，后面的宾语或宾补的不定式符号to可带可不带.Iwillhelp(to)doitforyou.Iwillhelpyou(to)doit.（3）介词but前若有动词do,后面的不定式不带to.Theboydidnothingbutplay.,其它省略,(4)某些使役动词（let,make,have）及感官动词（see,watch,hear,notice,observe,feel,lookat,listento等）后面作宾语补足语的不定式一定要省去to,但在被动语态中须将to复原。Isawtheboyfallfromthetree.Theboywasseentofallfromthetree.Thebossmadeuswork12hoursaday.Weweremadetowork12hoursaday.(5)主语从句中有动词do,后面作表语的不定式的to可带可不带。Allwecandonowis(to)wait.,其它省略,4、连词if在部分虚拟条件句中可省略，但语序有变化。,Hadtheytime,theywouldcertainlycomeandhelpus.(2)WereIyou,Iwoulddotheworkbetter.(3）Shouldtherebeaflood,whatshouldwedo?,5、主句和从句各有一些成分省略。,Thesooner(youdoit),thebetter(itwillbe).,6.连词that的省略宾语从句中省略that,但并列多个宾语从句中只能省略第一个that.Theteachersaid(that)thetextwasveryimportantandthatweshouldlearnitbyheart.(2)在定语从句中关系代词that,which,whom作宾语时可省略.Thisisoneofthebestfilms(that)Iveeverseen.,Practice,ExercisesaboutEllipsis.,高考链接,1.(09湖南卷)21.Everyeveningafterdinner,ifnot_fromwork,Iwillspendsometimewalkingmydog.A.beingtiredB.tiringC.tiredD.tobetired,返回目录,【答案】C【解析】考查省略句式。在if引导的条件状语从句中，从句中还原应为ifamnottiredfromwork，根据省略的原则，所以答案选C。,2.(09江西)35.Someofyoumayhavefinishedunitone._,youcangoontounittwo.A.IfyoumayB.IfyoudoC.IfnotD.Ifso,返回目录,高考链接,【答案】D【解析】本题考查省略句的用法。Ifso=Ifyouhavedonethat/so,高考链接,3.(09山东卷)32.-shallwehaveourpicnictomorrow?-_itdoesntrain.A.UntilB.WhileC.OnceD.If,返回目录,【答案】D【解析】句意：我们明天去野餐吗？如果不下雨就去。本题考查交际用语和省略。第二句话补充完整是：Weshallhaveourpicnictomorrowifitdoesntrain.【考点定位】注意单项选择中的省略现象，补充完整句子有助于解决问题。,高考链接,4.（2008安徽卷，32）-Haveyougotanyparticularplansforthecomingholiday?-Yes,_,Imgoingtovisitsomehomesfortheoldinthecity.A.IfeverB.IfbusyC.IfanythingD.Ifpossible,返回目录,【答案】D【解析】本题考查四个句型结构。Ifever如果有过的话（如果发生过的话），.Ifbusy根据题意，是IfIambusy的省略，与下文语意矛盾；Ifanything意思是“更可能的是，总之”，；ifpossible如果可能的话。题意为“如果可能的话，我将去城里的一些老年之家看看。”,高考链接,5.（2008福建卷，30）Whoshouldberesponsiblefortheaccident?Theboss,nottheworkers.Theyjustcarriedouttheorder_.A.astoldB.asaretoldC.astellingD.astheytold,返回目录,【解析】考查省略、被动的用法。补全句子应该是Theyjustcarriedouttheorderastheyweretold。【答案】A,高考链接,6.（2003年上海卷，39）Generallyspeaking,accordingtothedirections,thedrughasnosideeffect.AwhentakingBwhentakenCwhentotakeDwhentobetaken,返回目录,【解析】当分词的逻辑主语也就是主句的主语，这时可以省去逻辑主语和be动词.现在分词表示主动和进行，而过去分词表示被动和完成。在这个句子中，其实是whenthedrugistaken,省去了thedrugis，thedrug和take是被动关系【答案】B,II.单项选择1.-Iwontdoitanymore.-_?A.WhydontB.WhydontdoitanymoreC.WhynotD.Whynotto2.Although_tostop,hekeptonworking.A.tellB.tellingC.havingtoldD.told3.-Willyouwastetimeandmoneyonthat?-Certainly_.A.InotB.dontC.notD.no,7.Wouldyoupleasecheckmycompositionandcorrectthemistakes_?A.ifanyB.ifsoC.ifnotD.ifonly8.Somepeopleareagainsttheplanbut_supportit.A.anymoreB.manymoreC.muchmoreD.nomore9.-Illbeawayforabusinesstrip.Wouldyoumindlookingaftermycat?-Notatall._.A.IvenotimeB.IdrathernotC.IdliketoD.Idbehappyto