国际交流英语视听说B3U6ppt课件

,Unit,6,AfterOil,Book3,ThinkandDiscuss,ViewingtheWorld,ExploringtheTheme,AnalyticalListening,SharingYourIdeas,Engaging,FurtherListening,Content,Unit6AfterOil,ThinkandDiscuss,Lookatthephoto.Howolddoyouthinkthesegaspumpsare?Howmuchdoyouthinkaliterofgascostwhenthesepumpswereinuse?Howwouldyourlifebedifferentifgasolinecosttwiceasmuchasitdoesnow?,Apairofvintagegaspumpsinadesertlandscape,Questions,ExampleAnswer1Automobileswerefirstmass-producedaround110yearsago.Thepumpsdontlookthatold,butIthinkthepumpsareprobably70or80yearsold.,Lookatthephoto.Howolddoyouthinkthesegaspumpsare?,Questions,ExampleAnswer2Ithinkthepumpsare50or60yearsold.Gaspumpsolderthanthathadlargeglasscontainersontop.Youpumpedthegasolineintothecontainer.Thengravitymovedthegasdownahoseandintoyourcarsgastank.,Lookatthephoto.Howolddoyouthinkthesegaspumpsare?,Questions,ExampleAnswer3Idontthinkthepumpsareveryold.Theyvebeenoutside,sotheweatherhaswornawaythepaint.Butthedesignisfairlymodern,sotheymightbe30or40yearsold.,Lookatthephoto.Howolddoyouthinkthesegaspumpsare?,Questions,Howmuchdoyouthinkaliterofgascostwhenthesepumpswereinuse?,ExampleAnswersAgallonisaboutfourliters.In1930,agalloncostabout$0.25.By1970,thepricehadgoneuptoabout$0.5.In1990agalloncostabout$1.25,andin2010,itcostabout$4.,Questions,Howwouldyourlifebedifferentifgasolinecosttwiceasmuchasitdoesnow?,ExampleAnswer1Mylifewouldbeverydifferentbecausemyfamilyhasacar.Myparentsuseittogotowork,togoshopping,andtogooutatnight.Ifgascosttwiceasmuch,wewouldusethecarless,andonlyfornecessarytrips.Inaddition,thepriceofmanythingswouldalsogoup,sowemightnothaveenoughmoneytobuyallthethingswebuynow.,Questions,Howwouldyourlifebedifferentifgasolinecosttwiceasmuchasitdoesnow?,ExampleAnswer2MylifewouldnotbeverydifferentbecauseIusuallywalkorrideabicycle.Ialsobuymostofmyfoodfromlocalfarmers,andhighergaspriceswouldntaffectthemmuch.Idontbuyalotofclothing,electronics,orothergoods,sohigherpricesonthosethingswouldntaffectmeverymuch.,Questions,ExploringtheTheme,Unit6AfterOil,Lookatthephotosandthegraphicandreadthecaptions.Thendiscussthequestions.Basedontheinformationinthegraphic,whatisthemajorityofoilusedfor?Whataresomeofthethingsoilisusedforbesidestransportation?WhatalternativestooilarebeingusedinChina?,Afteroil,Inourdailylives,weuseoilforawidevarietyofthingsfromfuelforourcarstomedicinetosportsshoestoplasticbagsandwaterbottles.Manypeoplebelievethatourconsumptionofoilisreachingitspeak.Oilwillneverbeascheapandcommonasitisnow.Thisgraphicshowshowatypicalbarrelofoilisused.(1barrel=42gallonsor159liters),Afteroil,MarinaWilsonsaward-winningsteerweighs1,250pounds(567kilograms),andisabouttobesoldatanauction.Theredbarrelsrepresenttheamountofoilittooktoraisethesteer,includingoilforagriculturalchemicalsandmachineryaswellasthetransportationoftheanimalsfood.,Afteroil,Somescientistssaywemustshifttoalternativeformsofenergytoprepareforthetimewhenoursupplyofoilwillbedepleted.Findingsubstitutesforoilwillbeapriorityforscientistsandcountriesinthecomingyears.,Afteroil,TheSouthBelridgeoilfieldinCaliforniahasproducedoverabillionbarrelsofoilsince1911.,Afteroil,Basedontheinformationinthegraphic,whatisthemajorityofoilusedfor?,ExampleAnswersThemajorityofoilisusedfortransportation.Gasolineforcars,dieselfuelfortrucks,fuelforships,andjetfuelforplanescomprisethemajorityofoilusage.Heatingoilandoilforotherproductsmakeuponlyaroundaquarteroftheoilconsumed.,Afteroil,Whataresomeofthethingsoilisusedforbesidestransportation?,ExampleAnswersBesidestransportation,oilisalsousedforheating,manufacturing,andformakingelectricity,plastics,shoesandclothing,medicines,cosmetics,andotherproducts.,Afteroil,WhatalternativestooilarebeingusedinChina?,ExampleAnswersChinahasbeeninvestinglargeamountsofmoneyinrenewableenergysourcessuchassolarpowerandwindenergy.Chinaalsohasmanyhydroelectricdamsaswellasnuclearandthermoelectricpowerplants.,Afteroil,AnalyticalListening,Unit6AfterOil,RonSteinberg罗恩斯坦伯格（人名）LeilaSparks利拉斯帕克斯（人名）,Listening1,M.KingHubbert(1903_1989):afamousscientistinthefieldofpetroleumgeology.Heisfamousfordevelopingwaystocalculatethecapacitiesofoilandnaturalgasfields.金哈伯特（美国著名地质学家）,Listening1,GulfofMexico:alargebodyofsaltwateroffthesoutheastcoastoftheU.S.A.andtheeastcoastofMexico墨西哥湾,Listening1,Biasreferstothepre-conceivedideaswecarrywithusbasedonourpersonalexperiencesandopinions.Anunbiasedspeaker,therefore,wouldhavenoprejudices.Thespeakerwouldbecompletelyfairandwouldconsiderallsidesofeveryissue.Intherealworld,almosteveryonehassomedegreeofbias.,Tobecontinued,Listening1,Thinkingcriticallyaboutaspeakersviewpointandbiaswillhelpustobetterunderstandtheinformationthatheorshepresents.Forexample,anenvironmentalistandapetroleumcompanypresidentwouldprobablygiveverydifferentlectureson“TheFutureofOil”.(Seepage132intheIndependentStudentHandbookformoreinformationonrecognizingaspeakersbias.),Listening1,Predictingcontent.YouaregoingtolistentoameetingoftheCurrentAffairsClubintheListeningsection.Inthemeeting,RonSteinberg,thepresidentofFutureFuelsInternationalandLeilaSparks,whoworksforacompanythatmakesavarietyofpetroleumproducts,willexpresstheirviewpointsabouttheworldsoilsupply.Matcheachstatementbelowwiththespeakerthatyouthinkwouldmakeit.,BeforeListening,Listening1,Predictingcontent.,Listening1,b,a,b,a,A|CheckingPredictions.ListentothemeetingoftheCurrentAffairsClubandcheckyourpredictionsintheBeforeListeningsection.,ACurrentAffairsClubMeeting,Listening,Listening1,B|ListeningforMainIdeas.Readthequestions.Thenlistenagainandanswerthequestions.,Listening1,1.Whatdoeseachspeakersorganizationdo?2.WhatdidDr.M.KingHubbertstheoryofpeakoilsayaboutU.S.oilproduction?3.Accordingtoeachspeaker,whatdoHubbertsmodelssaynowabouttheworldoilproduction?4.AccordingtoDr.Steinberg,whataretheproblemswithnewoildiscoveries?,ExampleAnswersDr.RonSteinbergworksforFutureFuelsInternational,anorganizationwhichworkstofindsubstitutesforfossilfuels.Dr.LeilaSparksworksforLomaxPetroleum,whichmakesavarietyofpetroleumproducts.,1.Whatdoeseachspeakersorganizationdo?,Listening1,ExampleAnswersDr.M.KingHubbertstheoryofpeakoilsaidthatU.S.oilproductionwouldpeakbetween1968and1972.,2.WhatdidDr.M.KingHubbertstheoryofpeakoilsayaboutU.S.oilproduction?,Listening1,ExampleAnswersDr.Sparkssaysworldoilproductionwillincreaseforthenext20years.Dr.Steinbergsaysthepeakproductionofoiloccurredin2006.,3.Accordingtoeachspeaker,whatdoHubbertsmodelssaynowabouttheworldoilproduction?,Listening1,ExampleAnswersDr.Steinbergsaystheproblemwithnewoildiscoveriesisthattheywillbesmallanddifficulttoextract.,4.AccordingtoDr.Steinberg,whataretheproblemswithnewoildiscoveries?,Listening1,C|ListeningforDetails.Readthestatements.Thenlistenagainandcirclethecorrectwordtocompleteeachstatement.,1.PeakoilproductionintheU.S.wasin1956/1970.2.Asthelevelofoilinawellgoesdown,theoilgetsharder/easiertoextract.3.Dr.Steinbergthinksoilproductionwillincrease/decreaseinthenexttwodecades.4.Dr.Steinbergexpectsthatoilpriceswillbecomelower/higherinfutureyears.5.Itslikelythatsomesmall/largeoilfieldshaventbeendiscoveredyet.6.Dr.SparksthinksDr.Steinbergsoundsoptimistic/pessimistic.,Listening1,C|ListeningforDetails.Readthestatements.Thenlistenagainandcirclethecorrectwordtocompleteeachstatement.,Listening1,AnswerKeys1.19702.harder3.decrease4.higher5.small6.pessimistic,Listening1,AfterListening,A|CriticalThinking.Readthestatements.Check()TfortrueorFforfalse,orMformaybeifthestatementcouldbebasedonaspeakersbias.,Tobecontinued,Listening1,A|CriticalThinking.,Listening1,A|CriticalThinking.,AnswerKeys1.T2.T3.F(HethoughttheU.S.wouldproducelessoilafter1970.)4.M(Thetwoexpertsdisagreeonthispoint,perhapsbecauseoftheirbias.)5.M(Thespeakersdontmentionhoweasilynewoilwellscanbefound,butanynewoilwellswilllikelybesmallordifficulttoreach.TheU.S.isnowextractingoilfromplacesthataredifficulttoreach.),Tobecontinued,Listening1,A|CriticalThinking.,AnswerKeys(Continued)6.T7.T8.M(Thetwoexpertsdisagreeonthispoint,perhapsbecauseoftheirbias.),Dr.M.KingHubbert(left)in1933,Listening1,PlasticfrompetroleumprovidessolesfortheMelliShoeCompanyinTehran(德黑兰),Iran.,Listening1,B|Discussion.Formagroupwithtwoorthreeotherstudents.Followthestepsbelow.,Listening1,1.CompareyouranswersinexerciseA.Ifyouhaveanydifferencesofopinion,discusswhichspeakermightormightnotagreewiththestatementsandwhy.2.DiscussthecurrentsituationofoilconsumptionandproductioninChina.DoyouthinktherewillbeapeakoilcrisisinChina?Ifyes,whatmeasurescanbetakentosolvetheproblemofadecreasingoilsupply?,ExampleAnswer1In#4,Dr.Sparkssaysitwillbemanyyearsbeforeworldoilproductionreachesitspeak.Dr.Steinbergsayspeakproductionalreadyoccurredin2006.,1.CompareyouranswersinexerciseA.Ifyouhaveanydifferencesofopinion,discusswhichspeakermightormightnotagreewiththestatementsandwhy.,Listening1,ExampleAnswer2In#5,Dr.Sparksmightsayitwillbeeasytofindnewoilwells.Dr.Steinberghassaidthatnewoilwellswilllikelybesmallordifficulttoreach.,1.CompareyouranswersinexerciseA.Ifyouhaveanydifferencesofopinion,discusswhichspeakermightormightnotagreewiththestatementsandwhy.,Listening1,ExampleAnswer3In#8,Dr.Sparksmightsaythatweneedtofindalternativestooileventually,butwedontneedtomakebigchangesrightaway.Dr.Steinbergmightthinkthatmakingbigchangesnow,andfindingfuelstoreplaceoil,isveryimportant.,1.CompareyouranswersinexerciseA.Ifyouhaveanydifferencesofopinion,discusswhichspeakermightormightnotagreewiththestatementsandwhy.,Listening1,ExampleAnswer1Chinaisnowthesecondlargestoilconsumerintheworld(aftertheU.S.).SinceChinaseconomyisgrowing,wecanexpectthedemandforoiltocontinuetogrowaswell.Chinausedtobeanoil-exportingnation,butChinanowimportsoilfromRussia,WestAfrica,andtheMiddleEast.Chinasoilreservesaresmallcomparedwithitscurrentoilconsumption.,2.DiscussthecurrentsituationofoilconsumptionandproductioninChina.DoyouthinktherewillbeapeakoilcrisisinChina?Ifyes,whatmeasurescanbetakentosolvetheproblemofadecreasingoilsupply?,Listening1,Tobecontinued,ExampleAnswer1(Continued)Yes,IdothinktherewillbeapeakoilcrisisinChinabecausethedemandforoilishighandcontinuestogrow.Ifoilbecomesmuchmoreexpensiveormuchmoredifficulttoget,Chinesepeoplesliveswillchange.Employersmayhavetoshutdown.Transportationmaybecomeveryexpensiveorlimited.Pricesoffoodandothernecessitiesmayrisesignificantly.,2.DiscussthecurrentsituationofoilconsumptionandproductioninChina.DoyouthinktherewillbeapeakoilcrisisinChina?Ifyes,whatmeasurescanbetakentosolvetheproblemofadecreasingoilsupply?,Listening1,ExampleAnswer2No,IdontthinktherewillbeapeakoilcrisisinChinabecauseChinaisworkinghardtodevelopalternativesourcesofenergy.Evenifoilbecomesmoreexpensiveinthefuture,Chinesepeoplewillbeabletousesolarenergy,windenergy,andperhapselectriccarsinordertolivetheirlivesnormally.,2.DiscussthecurrentsituationofoilconsumptionandproductioninChina.DoyouthinktherewillbeapeakoilcrisisinChina?Ifyes,whatmeasurescanbetakentosolvetheproblemofadecreasingoilsupply?,Listening1,RonSteinberg:Thanksforcoming,everyone.Imsureyouallhaveotherthingstodowithyourfreetime,butourtopictonightisanimportantone.ImRonSteinberg,andImthepresidentofFutureFuelsInternational.Werea.wereagroupofscientistsworkingtofindsubstitutesforfossilfuelsofallkinds.Tonight,though,Imgoingtotrytoanswersomeofyourquestionsaboutthepeakoiltheory.Beforewe.beforewegetstarted,itturnsoutthatyougettwospeakersthiseveninginsteadofone.Dr.LeilaSparksfromLomaxPetroleumisalsohere,andIllletherintroduceherself.Dr.Sparks?LeilaSparks:Thankyou,Ron.AsMr.Steinbergmentioned,Iworkforacompanythatmakesavarietyofpetroleumproducts.,Tobecontinued,Listening1,LeilaSparks:Naturally,oilisessentialforourcompany,sowerealsoconcernedabouttheworldsoilsupplybeingdepleted.Onedifference,though.well,themaindifferencebetweenMr.Steinbergandmeisthatourscientiststellustherearestillenormousamountsofoiltobefound.Werepushingformoreexplorationtofindthosenewoilwells.RonSteinberg:Allright.Well,beforewetakeyourquestions,Illdoaquickintroductiontothepeakoiltheory.Firstoff,weknowthescientistswilltellyouthatoilisanon-renewableresource.Oilwasformedinadifferenteraoftheearthshistory,sooncewedepletethesupplyofoilwehavenow,thatsit.ThetheoryofpeakoilcamefromDr.M.KingHubbert.,Tobecontinued,Listening1,RonSteinberg:Backin1956,Hubbertusedmathematicalmodels,andhethought,hepredictedthatsometimebetween1968and1972,theUnitedStateswouldproduceasmuchoilasitwasevergoingtoproduce.Inotherwords,thatwouldbethepeakofU.S.oilproduction.Infact,oilproductionintheU.S.hasbeendecliningsince1970,soDr.Hubbertwasright.TheU.S.isstillextractingoil,buttheoilwellsareinhard-to-reachplaces.placeslikeAlaskaortheGulfofMexico,andasthelevelofoilinthosewellsgoesdown,ittakesalotmoreworktoextractit,too.MaleStudent:CanIaskaquestion?RonSteinberg:Absolutely.Thatswhatwereherefortonight.MaleStudent:IdliketoknowwhatDr.Hubbertsmodelshavetosayabouttheworldsoilsupply.,Tobecontinued,Listening1,LeilaSparks:Icananswerthatone.Infact,engineerstellusthatoilproductionwillprobablycontinuetoincreaseforthenext20yearsorso.Sothatmeans,theyresayingwehavesometimetomaketheshiftfromoiltootherfuels,andtofindgoodsubstitutesforplasticandotherpetroleumproducts.RonSteinberg:Er,actually,yourfactsmaybeoutofdate.Thelatestreportssaythatpeakoilproductionprobablyoccurredin2006.Ifthatstrue,itmeansthattheoilsupplywillbedecreasingwhiletheworlddemandforoilisincreasing.Expecthigherprices,folks.LeilaSparks:Hmm.Ihadntheardthosefigures,Ron,butinanycase,findingmoreoilisahighpriorityforallofus.,Tobecontinued,Listening1,FemaleStudent:Ihaveaquestion.Whatif,whatiftheresoilsomewherethatnobodyknowsaboutyet?Wouldntnewdiscoverieschangethesituation?RonSteinberg:Thatsagoodquestion,andnodoubtthereisoilthathasntbeendiscoveredyet.Theproblemthoughisthatalltheenormous,easilydiscoveredoilfieldswerefoundyearsago,sonewdiscoverieswillbeprettysmall,ortheoilwillbedifficulttoextract,likeitisintheoilsandsinCanada.LeilaSparks:Yousoundprettypessimistic,Ron.Ihavemorehopethattheworldsscientistswillfigurethisthingout,andLomaxPetroleumwillgoonmakingqualityproductsforalong,longtime.,Tobecontinued,Listening1,RonSteinberg:Well,Ihopeyoureright,butjustincaseyourenot,weneedtoactquicklytoconservetheoilwehaveandtofindotherenergysourcesforthefuture.,Listening1,Listening2,ethanoln.乙醇sugarcanen.甘蔗refinev.净化；提炼molassesn.糖浆，糖蜜crystaln.结晶（体）fermentv.（使）（水果、啤酒、葡萄酒等）发酵,A|PriorKnowledge.Readtheinformationaboutethanolonpage86.Whatotherfactsdoyouknowaboutethanol?,BeforeListening,Listening2,Listening2,Alargeethanolrefinery(提炼厂)inBrazil,QUICKFACTS:ETHANOLEthanolisatypeofalcoholthatcanbeusedasfuel.Cropssuchassugarcaneandcornareusedtomanufactureethanol,butrecentadvancesmayleadto“cellulosicethanol”madefromplantssuchaswildgrassesandcropwastematerial.BrazilandtheUnitedStatesarethelargestproducersofethanol.NewcarsinBrazilare“flex-fuel”vehicles,anddriverscanchoosebetween100percentethanolfuelorablendthatis80percentgasoline.TheUnitedStateshasfewflex-fuel“vehicles,andmostofthegasolinesoldinthecountryisblendedwith10percentethanol.,Listening2,ExampleAnswersEthanolcanalsobemadefromwheat,barley,potatoes,oryucca.Thereislessstoredenergyinethanolthanthereisingasoline.Ethanolproduction(unlessitscellulosicethanol)dependsonlandandcropsthatcouldbeusedforfoodproduction.Usingethanolcandecreaseacountrysdependenceonotherfuels.,Listening2,B|Discussion.Discussthequestionswithapartner.IsethanolusedinvehiclesinChina?Wouldyouratherdrive(orridein)acarpoweredbygasolineorbyethanol?,Listening2,ExampleAnswerChinaproduceslargeamountsofethanol,butitisusedinvehiclesmainlyintheprovincesthatproducealotofgrain:Heilongjiang,Jilin,Liaoning,Henan,Anhui,Guangxi,Hubei,Hebei,ShandongandJiangsu.IwouldratherdriveavehiclepoweredbygasolinebecauseIhavehearditisbetterforacarsenginethanethanol.Iwouldratherdriveavehiclepoweredbyethanolbecauseitburnsmorecleanlythangasoline,andIknowthefuelcanbeproducedhereinChina.Itdoesntneedtobeimportedfromaforeigncountry.,Listening2,AConversationBetweenStudentsA|ListeningforMainIdeas.Lookatthenotestakenbyastudentduringalecture.Thenlistentoaconversationaboutthelectureandcheckthenotesforaccuracy.,Listening,Listening2,Listening2,B|CriticalThinking.Readthequestions.Thenlistenagainandanswerthequestions.,Listening2,1.Whatpartofthelecturedidthestudentmiss?Howwouldyoucompletethenotes?_2.Doestheconversationsoundlikeapolitedisagreementorarealargument?Why?_,Listening2,1.Whatpartofthelecturedidthestudentmiss?Howwouldyoucompletethenotes?,ExampleAnswersThestudentmissedinformationinpartoneaboutwhysugarcaneisburned.Thecompletednotesshouldstate:Heatfromburningsugarcanewasteisusedtopowermillandmakeelectricity.,Listening2,2.Doestheconversationsoundlikeapolitedisagreementorarealargument?Why?,ExampleAnswer1Ithinktheconversationsoundslikearealargumentbecausetheydisagreewitheachotherverydirectly.Forexample,whenonestudentsays,“Idontthinkshesaiditwasburned.”Theotherstudentjustsays,“Itisburned.”Thatsnotverypolite.,Listening2,2.Doestheconversationsoundlikeapolitedisagreementorarealargument?Why?,ExampleAnswer2Ithinktheconversationsoundslikeapolitedisagreementbecausethestudentsaresimplytryingtogetthefactsfromthelecturestraight.Theyprobablyknoweachotherprettywell,andtheyaretryingtoanswereachothersquestions,soitsOKforthemtospeakdirectly.,C|ListeningforDetails.Readthestatements.Thenlistenagainandcheck()TfortrueorFforfalse.,Listening2,Tobecontinued,C|ListeningforDetails.,Listening2,C|ListeningforDetails.,Listening2,ExampleAnswers1.F(Thestudentsays,“Ithoughtthatwasaninterestinglecturetoday.”)2.T3.F(ProfessorAndersondidntmentionglobalwarming.)4.T5.T6.T,AfterListening,Listening2,Discussion.Workwithyourpartner.Discusstheconcernsbelow.Whichoftheseconcernsaboutethanolasfuelseemsthemostimportanttoyou?Why?,Farmersmayplantcropsforethanolinsteadofforfood.Agallonofethanolprovideslesspowerthanagallonofgasoline,yetthepriceofethanolisntmuchlowerthanthepriceofgasoline.Sugarcanecanonlybegrowninverywarmclimates.,Listening2,AmanharvestssugarcaneinthestateofSoPauloinBrazil.,Examp