全新版大学英语综合教程2 TextA

,Warm-upQuestionsEnglishSongMoney,Money,MoneyWhosWhoADebateBackgroundInformationSalvationArmyTheRedKettleChristmasCampaignWal-MartPersonalIncomeTaxintheUS,BR_main,BR_SalvationArmy1,SalvationArmy,aChristiancharityandsocialservicesorganizationfoundedbyWilliamBoothandhiswifeCatherineBoothinLondonin1865gotthenamebecauseofapopularsayingthat“TheChristianMissionisavolunteerarmy.”Nearly33millionAmericansreceivehelpfromitannually.,BR_SalvationArmy2,ItisaChristiancharityandsocialservicesorganizationfoundedbyWilliamBoothandhiswifeCatherineBoothinLondonin1865,whichlaterexpandedaroundtheworld.Originallyknownas“TheChristianMission”,theorganizationwasrenamed“SalvationArmy”in1878thankstoapopularsayingthat“TheChristianMissionisavolunteerarmy.”Nearly33millionAmericansreceiveassistancefromTheSalvationArmyeachyear.Peoplecanhelpbydonatingmoney,usedcars,airlinemileages,usedclothesandfurnitureforsaleatSalvationArmysthriftstores,andtime.,BR_TheRedKettleChristmasCampaign1,Volunteersputaredkettleataprominentplaceofpublicgatheringandringabelltourgepassers-bytodropmoneyintothekettleinthespiritofChristmas.,TheRedKettleChristmasCampaign,BR_TheRedKettleChristmasCampaign2,ItwasfirststartedinSanFranciscoin1891,thecampaign,duringwhichvolunteersputaredkettleataprominentplaceofpublicgatheringsuchastheentrancetoashoppingmallandringabelltourgepassers-bytodropmoneyintothekettleinthespiritofChristmas,hastraditionallybeenTheSalvationArmysmostprominentfund-raiser.,BR_Wal-Mart1,Wal-Mart,BR_Wal-Mart2,ThelargestprivateemployerandthelargestgroceryretailerintheUnitedStates,BR_Wal-Mart3,BR_Wal-Mart4,FoundedbySamWaltonin1962,Wal-Martstores,Inc.isanAmericanpubliccorporationthatrunsachainoflarge,discountdepartmentstores.NowthecompanyisthelargestprivateemployerandthelargestgroceryretailerintheUnitedStates.SamWaltonsguidingphilosophyforhisstoresfromthebeginningwastooffercustomersawideselectionofgoodsatadiscountedprice.Wal-Martexpandedintoothercountriesinthe1990s,includingCanada,Mexico,Brazil,Argentina,IndonesiaandChina.,BR_PersonalIncomeTaxintheUS1,aprogressivetaxonthetaxableincomefromthefederalgovernmentoftheUSpersonalincometaxesfromsomestateandmunicipalgovernments,individual,PersonalIncomeTaxintheUS,BR_PersonalIncomeTaxintheUS2,PersonalIncomeTaxintheUS,ThefederalgovernmentoftheUnitedStatesimposesaprogressivetaxonthetaxableincomeofindividuals.Somestateandmunicipalgovernmentsalsoimposepersonalincometaxes.Aprogressivetaxisataxbywhichthetaxrateincreasesasthetaxableamountincreases,wherepeoplewithmoredisposableincome,orpeopleinahigherincomebracket,payahigherpercentageofthatincomeintaxthanthosewithlessincome,orinalowerincomebracket.,GR_main,PartDivisionoftheText,FurtherUnderstanding,DR_Text1,ALifeFullofRiches,ItwasearlyDecember2003,myfirstseasonasaSalvationArmybellringer,whenIwasconfrontedwiththequestion.IwasstandingjustoutsidethedoorwayofaWal-Mart,offeringa“thankyou”andasmiletoeachpersonwhodroppedadonationintomyredkettle.,KarlR.Green,Aneatlydressedwomanandheryoungsonwalkeduptothekettlestand.Whileshesearchedherpurseforsomecash,theboylookedupatme.Icanstillseetheconfusionandcuriosityinhiseyesasheasked,“Areyoupoor?”,DR_Text2,“Well,”Istammered,tryingtothink,“Ihavemorethansomepeople,butnotasmuchasothers.”Hismotherscoldedhimforthesocialno-no,andtheyhurriedofftodotheirshopping.Hisquestion,however,didnotleaveme.,Iveneverthoughtofmyselfas“poor,”butIcantdenycertainfacts.EverytimeIfilloutmy1040form,Ifallintooneofthelowestincomebrackets.Inthepast35years,Ivetakenjustonevacationtrip.MyTVisablack-and-whitesetthatsomeonegavemeeightyearsago.,DR_Text3,YetIfeelnothingmorethanapassingwhimtoattainthematerialthingssomanyotherpeoplehave.My1999carshowsthewearandtearof105,000miles.Butitisstilldependable.Myapartmentismodest,butquietandrelaxing.Myclothesarewellsuitedtomywork,whichisprimarilyoutdoors.Myminimalcomputerneedscanbemetatthelibrary.,InspiteofwhatIdonthave,Idontfeelpoor.Why?Iveenjoyedexceptionallygoodhealthfor53years.ItsnotjustthatIvebeenillness-free,itsthatIfeelvigorousandspirited.Exercisingisactuallyfunforme.Ilookforwardtolong,energizingwalks.AndIlovethe“cando”attitudethatfollows.,DR_Text4,Ialsocherishthegiftofcreativity.WhenIwriteabeautifullineofpoetry,orfabricateajokethatticklessomeone,Ifeelrichinside.Imcontinuallysurprisedattheinsightsthatcomethroughmywritingprocess.Andtalkingwithsomanyinterestingwriterfriendsisoneofmymainsourcesofenjoyment.ButthereisonevitalareaofmylifewhereIamnotsowelloff.Inasocietythatspendssomuchemotionalenergyonthepursuitofpossessions,Ifeeloutofplace.,DR_Text5,WhenIwasyounger,therewasanexceptionallyinterestingpersonIdated.Whatwasmostimportanttoher,shetoldme,was“whatsontheinside.”IthoughtIhadfoundsomeonespecialtosharemylifewith.ThenI,tookhertoseemyapartment.Atthetime,Ilivedinabasementefficiencywithafewpiecesofdatedfurniture.Theonlynew,comfortablechairwastheoneatmydesk.Shortlyafterhervisit,ourrelationshipwentstraightsouth.,DR_Text6,Theseeminglyabruptchangeinherprioritieswasjolting.Itremainsamostmemorableturningpointinmypersonaljourney.Incontrasttorelationships,stuffjustdoesntmeanthatmuchtome.Ithinkmostpeoplefeelthesamewayexceptwhentherearesocialconsequencestonothavingparticularitems.Thereisacommercialontheradiothatbegins,“Everybodywantsahigh-endTV”Thepressuretopurchaseisreal.Itmaybetruethateverybodywantsahigh-endTV.Afterall,nobodywantstobeanobody.ButImhappytolivewithoutone.Infact,notbeingfocusedonmaterialgoodsfeelsquitenaturaltome.Therearemanypeoplethroughouttheworldwhowouldconsidermylifestyletobeaffluent.,DR_Text7,Neartheendoftheyear,whenIputontheSalvationArmysredapron,somethingchangesinsideme.Insteadoffeelingoutofplaceeconomically,Ibegintofeelagenuinesenseofbelonging.AsIringmybell,peoplestoptosharetheirpersonalstoriesofhowmuchitmeanttobehelpedwhentheyweregoingthrougharoughtime.,PeoplehelpingpeopleissomethingIfeeldeeplyconnectedto.WhileImringingthebell,completestrangershavebroughtmehotchocolate,leavingmewithalingeringsmile.Countlessindividualshavehelpedtokeepmewarmwiththesentimentsoftheseason:“Thankyouforringingonsuchacoldday.”,DR_Text8,“CanIgetyouacupofcoffee?”“Blessyouforyourgoodwork.”DecemberisthetimeofyearIfeelwealthiest.Overthepastfouryears,Ivegrowntounderstandmoreaboutmyselfbecauseofasinglequestionfromacuriouschild.AsIveexaminedwhatitmeanstobepoor,ithasbecomecleartomewhatIammostthankfulfor:bothmytangibleandmyintangiblegoodfortune.,DR_Sentence1,WhatdoesaSalvationArmybellringerdo?,Toringthebellandaskpeopletodonatemoneytohelpthepoor.,ItwasearlyDecember2003,myfirstseasonasaSalvationArmybellringer,whenIwasconfrontedwiththequestion.,TranslatethissentenceintoChinese.,首次面对这个问题，是在2003年12月初我第一次为救世军摇铃募捐的时候。,DR_Sentence2,Whydidtheboyasksuchaquestion?,Becausehewasconfusedandcurious.,Icanstillseetheconfusionandcuriosityinhiseyesasheasked,“Areyoupoor?”,HowmuchdidtheboyknowabouttheSalvationArmybellringer?,Obviouslyheknewnothingaboutthat.,DR_Sentence3,Howdidtheauthorthinkofthequestion?,Hethoughtitwasdifficulttoanswer.,“Well,”Istammered,tryingtothink,“Ihavemorethansomepeople,butnotasmuchasother.”,Whatdoestheauthorsanswermean?,Thismeansheisneitherpoornorrich.,DR_Sentence4,Whatis“socialno-no”?,Somethingthatissociallyinappropriate.,Hismotherscoldedhimforthesocialno-no.,Whydidthemotherscoldherson?,Becausetheauthorlookedpoor,thequestionwassociallyinappropriatetoask.,DR_Sentence5,Whatdomanyotherpeoplehave?,Thematerialthings.,Pleaseparaphrasethissentence.,However,Ihaveonlyoccasionallyfelttheurgetogoafterthematerialthingssomanyotherpeoplehave.,YetIfeelnothingmorethanapassingwhimtoattainthematerialthingssomanyotherpeoplehave.,DR_Sentence6,Whatisthe“cando”attitude?,Thatisselfconfidence.,AndIlovethe“cando”attitudethatfollows.,Howdoyouunderstandthissentence?,AndIlovethefeelingofselfconfidencebroughtbybriskexercises.,DR_Sentence7,Whatwastheirrelationshipafterhervisit?,Theirrelationshipwentsour.Thatistosay,theywerenolongerboyfriendandgirlfriend.,Shortlyafterhervisit,ourrelationshipwentstraightsouth.,Whytherewassuchachangeintheirrelationship?,Becausethegirlactuallypaidmuchattentiontomaterialthingsalthoughsheclaimedthatshewasinterestedinwhatwasontheinside,andaftershewenttotheauthorsapartment,shefoundhewasreallypoor.,DR_Sentence8,Whatis“ahigh-endTV”?,ATVthatisexpensiveandofhighquality.,Thereisacommercialontheradiothatbegins,“Everybodywantsahigh-endTV”Thepressuretopurchaseisreal.Itmaybetruethateverybodywantsahigh-endTV.Afterall,nobodywantstobeanobody.,Whatcanbeinferredfromthispartaboutwhatrolecommercialscanplayinsociety?,Commercialscanputpeopleunderpressuretopurchasemorethanisreallynecessary.,DR_Sentence9,Whydoestheauthorthinkso?,BecauseDecemberisthetimeforhimtoworkfortheSalvationArmyasabellringer,whichgiveshimagenuinesenseofbelongingandbringshimhappinessinhelpingothers.,DecemberisthetimeofyearIfeelwealthiest.,DR_Sentence10,Overthepastfouryears,Ivegrowntounderstandmoreaboutmyselfbecauseofasinglequestionfromacuriouschild.,Theboysquestionhashelpedhimrealizethat,despitehislackofexpensivepossessions,heisrichinmanyotherwaysandshouldbethankfulforthat.,Howhastheboysquestionaffectedtheauthor?,TranslatethissentenceintoChinese.,由于一个好奇的孩子提了一个简单问题，我在过去的四年中对自己的了解进了一步。,DR_word_confront,confront:vt.,Thedifficultiesthatconfrontusseeminsuperable.,1)(ofaproblem,difficulty,etc.)face(sb.)threateningly,Amajordifficultythatconfrontsinternationalstudentsishowbesttojudgethequalityofaprograminaforeignuniversity.,2)(ofaperson)faceanddealwith(aproblem,difficulty,etc.),军人必须面对危险和死亡。,Asoldierhastoconfrontdangeranddeath.,Astronautshavetoconfronttheunknown.,DR_word_beconfrontedwith,beconfrontedwith:bebroughtfacetoface,conclusionsthatcanbeconfrontedwithexperience,Theprisonerwasconfrontedwithhisaccusers.,DR_word_donation,donation:n.moneyorgoodsgivenforagoodcause,Theymadeagenerousdonationtocharity.,他们对慈善事业慷慨捐助。,Collocation：,献血,ablooddonation,捐赠,make/giveadonation,允诺捐助,promiseadonation,Thehospitalreceivesagooddealofmoneyindonations.,DR_word_confusion,confusion:n.astateofuncertaintyaboutwhatsth.means,etc.,Theenemyretreatedingreatconfusion.,他们的突然到来打乱了我们的计划。,Theirunexpectedarrivalthrewourplanintoconfusion.,Collocation：,非常慌张,coveredwithconfusion,乱七八糟，处于混乱状态,inconfusion,使狼狈，使慌乱,throwintoconfusion,该词的动词为confuse，confusing意思是“令人困惑、迷惑的”，confused意思是“糊涂的、混杂的”。,N.B.,DR_word_curiosity,curiosity:n.astrongdesiretoknowaboutsth.,Justtosatisfymycuriosity,howmuchdidyoupayforyourcar?,Collocation：,在好奇心驱使下,from/outofcuriosity,公然出头过问与自己无关的事,inopencuriosity,好奇伤身。,Curiositykilledacat.,Weburnedwithcuriosityoverwhatwasinthebox.,DR_word_stammer,stammer:v.speakwithatendencytorepeatrapidlythesamesoundorsyllable,Itscrueltomakefunofpeoplewhostammer.,他结结巴巴地道了谢。,Hestammeredhisthanks.,DR_word_deny,deny:vt.,ThereisnodenyingthefactthatJapanbegantoinvadeChinaasearlyastheearly1930s.,1)saythatsth.isnottrue,2)refusetoadmitoraccept,Hedeniedknowinganythingabouttheirplans.,DR_word_fillout,fillout:addinformationsuchasyournameandaddressin(aformordocument),请把附表填好。,Pleasefillouttheattachedblank.,Ittookmequiteawhiletofilloutthequestionnaire.,DR_word_fallinto,fallinto:belongto(aparticulargroupofthingsthathavesimilarqualities),Allwhalesfallintotwogroups,thosewithteethandthosewithout.,理事会成员们意见相左，分成自由和保守两个阵营。,Thecouncilmembersdisagreed,fallingintoliberalandconservativecamps.,DR_word_nothingmorethan,nothingmorethan:only,just,这只不过是个杜撰的故事而已。,Itisnothingmorethanamade-upstory.,Happinessisnothingmorethangoodhealthandabadmemory.,DR_word_attain1,attain:vt.succeedinachieving,esp.afteralotofeffort,我决心不惜任何代价达到目的。,Imdeterminedtoattainmypurposeatanycost.,Sheattainedherambitionofbecomingapilot.,Collocation：,达到目的,attainonesgoal,有岁了,attaintheageof,到达山顶,attainthetopofamoutain,这四个词都是动词，都有“得到”、“获得”之意。,DR_word_attain2,get,gain,obtainassmallaspossible,暴风雨只造成极轻微的损失。,TheFordCEOofferedtoworkforaminimalsalaryofonedollarayear.,Thestormdidonlyminimaldamage.,该词的动词为minimize。反义词为maximal。,N.B.,DR_word_cherish,cherish:vt.love(sth./sb.)verymuchandprotectthem,Shecherishedthechildasthoughhewereherown.,RidinghorseswithmymotherwhenIwasakidhasbecomeacherishedmemory.,Collocation：,做的美梦,cherishfonddreamsof,夙愿,cherisheddesire,热爱,cherishadeeplovefor,DR_word_fabricate,fabricate:vt.makeup(astory,apieceofinformation,etc.)inordertodeceivepeople,Haveyoueverliedalittle,orfabricatedastoryaboutyourself,toimpresssomeoneyoumeetthefirsttime?,她缺席的借口显然是瞎编的。,Theexcuseforherabsencewasobviouslyfabricated.,DR_word_tickle,tickle:v.,Thecomediantickledthecrowdwithhisjokes.,IttickledhertothinkthatherbosswoulddressupasaclownattheNewYearparty.,1)amuseandinterest,2)moveonesfingersonasensitivepartofanothersbodyinawaythatmakesthemlaugh,Shetickledtheboysfeetandmadehimlaugh.,婴儿喜欢呵痒和拥抱。,Babiesliketobetickledandhugged.,DR_word_vital,vital:adj.veryimportant,necessary,oressential,Theleadersvitalandcheerfulmannerfilledhismenwithcourage.,bevitalto对极为重要,Pattern:,Thispointisvitaltomyargument.,DR_word_welloff,welloff:rich,orhavingenoughmoneytolivewell,TheCommunistPartyofChinawillleadtheChinesepeopleinbuildingawell-offsociety.,如果他年轻时多努力一点，现在就能过得舒服些。,Ifhehadworkedharderwhenyoung,hewouldbewelloffnow.,DR_word_emotional,emotional:adj.connectedwithpeoplesfeelings,Naturehasprogrammedusallwithbothphysicalandemotionalneeds.,Hisemotionallanguagereducedmanyoftheaudiencetotears.,DR_word_pursuit,pursuit:n.theactoflookingforortryingtofind,Heexerciseseverydayinpursuitofhealth.,我们为追求幸福生活而努力工作。,Weworkhardinpursuitofhappylife.,Collocation：,日常事务,dailypursuits,教育事业,educationalpursuit,追逐利润,pursuitofprofit,追求幸福,inonespursuitofhappiness,DR_word_outofplace,outofplace:feelinguncomfortableornotsuitableinaparticularsituation,Yourjokesareoutofplaceonsuchasolemnoccasion.,在正式的舞会上，我感到局促不安，很不自在。,AttheformalpartyIfeltveryawkwardandoutofplace.,DR_word_incontrastto,incontrastto:whenacontrastismadeto,Incontrasttohersister,sheisverytall.,Incontrasttohisbrother,heisalwaysconsiderateofothers.,DR_word_consequence1,consequence:n.aresultofsth.thathashappened,Jimmyexperiencedsevereheadacheasaconsequenceofheavydrinkingthenightbefore.,这样一种错误可能导致灾难性的后果。,Suchamistakewouldperhapsleadtodisastrousconsequences.,Collocation：,因而，结果,asaconsequence,因此，结果,inconsequence,的结果，因为的缘故，由于,inconsequenceof,有势力的，重要的,ofconsequence,自食其果，承担责任,taketheconsequences,DR_word_consequence2,effect,resultconcentrate(onsth.),Theonlywaytoattainyourgoalsistostayfocusedandworkhard.,Youshouldfocusyourattentiononyourwork.,DR_word_affluent1,affluent:adj.richenoughtobuythingsforpleasure,Inanaffluentsocietypeoplecanaffordtostrikeabalancebetweenworkandlife.,自然资源丰富的土地,landaffluentinnaturalresources,rich,wealthythatyoucantouchandfeel,Sculptureisatangibleartform.,Tangibleassetsrefertothoseassetsthathaveaphysicalform,suchasmachinery,buildingsandland.,该词的反义词为intangible。,NB:,AR_main,UsefulExpressions,SentenceTranslation,GroupDiscussion,CompoundDictation,TalkaboutthePictures,ProverbsandQuotations,WritingPracticeStartinganessaywithananecdote,WritingPractice_MAIN,WritingPractice,Introduction,Sample,Homework,AR_UsefulExpressions1,UsefulExpressions,1.面临，遭遇,beconfrontedwith,2.仰头向上看,lookupat,3.填写,fillout,4.属于,fallinto,5.仅仅，不多于，不强于,nothingmorethan,6.转瞬即逝的念头,apassingwhim,7.磨损，损耗,wearandtear,AR_UsefulExpressions2,inspiteof,lookforwardto,welloff,outofplace,datedfurniture,shortlyafter,gosouth,AR_UsefulExpressions3,15.转折点,aturningpoint,16.与形成对比,incontrastto,17.对予以注意，致力于,focuson,18.归属感,asenseofbelonging,19.遭遇困难,gothrougharoughtime,20.久不消逝的微笑,alingeringsmile,21.为感恩,bethankfulfor,22.收入最低的档次,thelowestincomebracket,23.创作才能,thegiftofcreativity,24.对物质财富的追求,thepursuitofpossessions,AR_CompoundDictation1,CompoundDictation,Directions:Youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom1to7withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Fortheblanksnumberedfrom8to10,youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthemainpointsinyourownwords.Finallywhenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.,AR_CompoundDictation2,Hesthemostbusinessmanintheworld.Manyhavebeenwrittenabouthowhehasdominatedtherevolutioninpersonal.Butweknowlittleabouthimasaperson.Heresaanecdotewhichmayshowhispersonality:whenBillGateswasinthegrade,hisparentsdecidedthatheneededsomekindofhelp.HewasatwarwithhismotherMary,anextrovertwomanwhobelievedthatheshoulddowhatshetoldhim.Shewouldcallhimtofromhisbedroom,whichshehadgivenuptryingtomakehimclean,buthewouldnt.“Whatareyoudoing?”sheonceaskedhim.“Imthinking,”Billanswered.“Yourethinking?”“Yes,Mom,Imthinking,”hesaidaggressively.,famous,_,p