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INAUGURALADDRESS,JohnF.Kennedy,rhetoricaldevices,1.Alliteration(头韵)2.Metaphor(暗喻)3.Parallelism(排比)4.Paradox(反论)5.Repetition(重复)6.Quotation(引用),Alliteration(头韵),Alliteration:Examples:Leteverynationknow,whetheritwishesuswellorill,thatweshallpayanyprice,bearanyburden,meetanyhardship,supportanyfriend,opposeanyfoe,inordertoassurethesurvivalandthesuccessofliberty(para4),Metaphor(暗喻),Metaphor:(impliedcomparisonthroughafigurative,notliteral,useofwords)Examples:1.Torememberthat,inthepast,thosewhofoolishlysoughtpowerbyridingthebackofthetigerendedupinside.(para7)2.Tothosepeoplesinthehutsandvillagesacrosstheglobestrugglingtobreakthebondsofmassmisery(para8),3.Tooursisterrepublicssouthofourborder,weofferaspecialpledge-toconvertourgoodwordsintogooddeeds-inanewallianceforprogress-toassistfreemenandfreegovernmentincastingoffthechainsofpoverty.(para9)4.Beforethedarkpowersofdestructionunleashedbyscienceengulfallhumanityinplannedoraccidentalself-destructio.(para11),排比(Parallelism)Parallelism:(thearrangementofwords,phrases,clauses,orlargerstructuresplacedsidebyside,makingthemsimilarinform)Examples:1.Borninthiscentury,temperedbywar,disciplinedbyahardandbitterpeace,proudofourancientheritageandunwillingtowitnessorpermittheslowundoingofthosehumanrights.towhichthisNationhasalwaysbeencommitted,andtowhichwearecommittedtodayathomeandaroundtheworld.,2.LetallourneighborsknowthatweshalljoinwiththemtoopposeaggressionorsubversionanywhereintheAmericas.AndleteveryotherpowerknowthatthisHemisphereintendstoremainthemasterofitsownhouse.3.Theenergy,thefaith,thedevotionwhichwebringtothisendeavorwilllightourcountryandallwhoseveritandtheglowfromthatfirecantrulylighttheworld.,Paradox(反论)Paradox:(astatementthatseemsself-contradictory,yetturnsouttohavearationalmeaning)Examples:Morehaste,lessspeed.欲速则不达。1.Symbolizinganend,aswellasabeginning;signifyingrenewal,aswellaschange.2.Ifafreesocietycannothelpthemanywhoarepoor,itcannotsavethefewwhoarerich.3.Foronlywhenourarmsaresufficientbeyonddoubtcanwebecertainbeyonddoubtthattheywillneverbeemployed.,Repetition(重复),Repetition(awordorphraseusedtwoormoretimesincloseproximity)Examples:1.allformsofhumanpovertyandallformsofhumanlifenotfromthegenerosityofthestate,butfromthehandofGod2.thatweshallpayanyprice,bearanyburden,meetanyhardship,supportanyfriend,opposeanyfoe.,3.wepledgeourwordthatoneformofcolonialcontrolshallnothavepassedawaymerelytobereplacebyafarmoreirontyranny.weshallnotalwaysexpecttofindthemsupportingourview.Butweshallalwayshopetofindthemstronglysupportingtheirownfreedom.4.Wedarenottemptthemwithweakness.Foronlywhenourarmsaresufficientbeyonddoubtcanwebecertainbeyonddoubtthattheywillneverbeemployed.,Quotation(引用)1.ForIhaveswornbeforeyouandAlmightyGodthesamesolemnoathourforebearsprescribednearlyacenturyandthreequartersago.2.LetbothsidesunitetoheedinallcornersoftheearththecommandofIsaiahto“undotheheavyburdensandtolettheoppressedgofree.”3.Nowthetrumpetsummonsusagainnotasacalltobeararms,thougharmsweneed,notasacalltobattle,thoughembattledwearebutacalltobeartheburdenofalongtwil

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