高考英语复习：名词性从句课件

名词性从句,概念：一个句子，在连词的引导下，在另一个句子中充当名词使用，叫名词从句名词性从句包括：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句名词性从句可以表示：事实和问题。1.连接词有：thatwhether和lf2.连接代词有：whowhomwhosewhichwhat等3.连接副词有：whenwherewhyhow等另外whatever，whoever，whichever等也可以引导主语和宾语两种从句。名词性从句中的“that”没有词义，也不作任何成分,在名词性从句中一律用陈述句的语序，即使从句表达的是疑问含义。,Theproblemiswhathehasdonetothelittleboy.,问题是他对那个小男孩做了些什么。,1.主语从句,在句中作主语的句子叫主语从句。,主语从句通常由从属连词that，whether和连接代词what,who,which,whatever,whoever以及连接副词how,when,where,why等词引导。,that在从句中无词义，只起连接作用；连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当成分。,Whathewantstotellusisnotclear.,他要跟我们说什么，还不清楚。,Whowillwinthematchisstillunknown.,WheretheEnglisheveningwillbeheldhasnotyetbeenannounced.,Thathestoleabikewastrue.,单个的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如果是两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语，谓语动词则用复数形式。,Whereandwhenhewasbornhasnotbeenfound.,Whenthepersonwasmurderedandwhyhewasmurderedarestillunknown.,有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。主句的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下：,1）It+be+名词+that从句2）It+be+形容词+that从句,3）It+be+动词的过去分词+that从句4）It+不及物动词+that从句,Itisknowntoushowhebecameawriter.,我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。,ItisapitythatitsashamethatItsnowonderthatItissuggestedthatItsrequestedthatItsproposedthat,Itsdesiredthat,注意:在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should)+do”，常用的句型有：,ItisnecessaryItsimportant,Itsnaturalstrange,etc.)that,1_hemadeanimportantspeechatthemeetingwastrue.A.ThatB.WhyC.WhatD.How2._wellgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.AIfBWhetherCThatDWhere3._isknowntousallisthatAmericaisadevelopedcountry_theFirstWorld.A.Which;belongtoB.As,belongedtoC.What;belongingtoD.It;belongingto4.Itsknowntousall_aformofenergy.A.waterisB.thatwaterisC.iswaterD.thatwaterto5.Itworriedherabit_herhairwasturninggray.A.whetherB.thatC.whatD.when6.WhatIsayandthink_noneofyourbusiness.A.isB.areC.hasDhave,A,B,D,B,B,A,2.宾语从句,名词句用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。,引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句表语从句的关联词大致一样，在句中可以作谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语。,1.)由连接词that引导的宾语从句,由连接词that引导宾语从句时，that在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去，但如从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省。,HehastoldmethathewillgotoShanghaitomorrow.,Wemustneverthink(that)wearegoodineverythingwhileothersaregoodinnothing.,注意:在demand,order,suggest,advise,decide,insist,desire,request,command等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后，宾语从句常用“should+动词原形”。,Iinsistthatshe(should)doherworkalone.,Thecommanderorderedthattroops(should)setoffatonce.,但是,如果suggest作“表明、暗示”讲,insist作“坚持说、坚持认为”讲，则其后的宾语从句中应该用陈述语气。,Thesmileonhisfacesuggestedthathehadpassedtheexamination.,2)用who，whom,which,whose,what,when,where,why,how,whoever,whatever,whichever等关联词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句，应注意句子语序要用陈述语序。,Iwanttoknowwhathehastoldyou.,Shealwaysthinksofhowshecanworkwell.,Shewillgivewhoeverneedshelpawarmsupport.,3)用whether或if引导的宾语句,whether和if均可引导动词后的宾语从句，常可互换。但从句中有ornot时或介词后的宾语从句中只能用whether连接。其它名词性从句，如：主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句只用whether.,Whetherthereislifeonthemoonisaninterestingquestion.,Thequestioniswhethersheshouldhavealowopinionofthetest?,Everythingdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughmoney.,Idontcareaboutwhetheryouhavemoneyornot.,介词后的宾语从句一般不用which和if引导，要用whether和what。that也很少引导介词宾语从句，只在except,but,besides等之后才用。,Iwonderwhetherhewillcomeornot.,Canyoutellmewhethertogoortostay?,4)宾语从句中的时态呼应,宾语从句的谓语动词时态受主句谓语动词的影响，如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时从句中的谓语动词可以用各种时态；,IknowthathestudiesEnglisheveryday.,Iknow(that)hewillstudyEnglishnextyear.,WeallknowthathehasstudiedEnglishsince1998.,IknowthathestudiedEnglishlastterm.,如果主句中的谓语动词用了一般过去时，则从句中的语动只能用过去时的某种形式，如一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时等；,Webelievedthathehadearnedenoughmoneytobuildahouse.,TheteachertoldusthatTomhadleftusforAmerica,当从句表示的是客观真理，科学原理，自然现象，则从句仍用现在时态。,Theteachertoldusthatthesunrisesintheeast.,5)当主句是I/Wethink(suppose,expect,believe,guess,imagine)时，其后的宾语从句如果是否定形式，常把否定词not从从句中转移到主句中成为否定的转移。,Wedontbelievethathewillwinthegame.,Idontthinkhewilldoso.,6)如果宾语从句后还有宾语补足语，则必须用it作形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置，并且that不能省略。,Hehasmadeitclearthathewillnotgivein.,连接代词whoever，whatever，whichever可引导名词性从句，相当于anyonewho,anythingthat等。它们也可以引导让步状语从句，相当于nomatterwho/what/which。,Whoeverbreaksthelawshouldbepunished.,1.Theteachertoldhisclassthatlight_fasterthansound.(travel)2.Theradiosaysit_cloudytomorrow.(be)3.Theheadmasterhopeseverything_well.(go)4.Tomsaysthatthey_(play)basketballyesterdayevening.5.Ihearthey_(return)italready.6.Hesaidthatthey_membersofthePartysince1948.(be)7.Ididntknowwhattimehe_theletter.(write)8.Couldyoutellmewho_awaythebookalready?(take)9.LingFengtoldmehe_totheGreatWallseveraltimes.(be),travels,wereplaying,havereturned,hadbeen,wrote,hastaken,hadbeen,goes,willbe,三.表语从句：从句在句中充当表语成分，一般放在连系动词之后.,1它的作用：对主语进行解释说明。连接词：that/whether/asif/asthough（if不引导表语从句)、because连接代词：who/whom/whose/which/what连接副词：when/where/why/how/Thequestioniswhetherwecanrelyonhim.Thatsbecausewewereinneedofmoneyatthattime.Helookedasifhewasgoingtocry.ThatswhyIwaslate/whereIwillgo.,Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.,Thisisbecausehemissedthetrainbyoneminute.,需要注意的是，当主语是reason时，表语从句要用that引导而不是because。,Thereasonwhyhewaslatewasthathemissedthetrainbyoneminutethismorning.,1.Thats_thePartycalledonustodo.A.whyB.whatC.howD.that2.Thereasonis_heisunabletooperatethemachine.A.becauseB.whyC.thatD.Whether3.Thatis_theyseparated.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.where4.Janeisnolonger_shewasfouryearsago.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.when,B,C,D,A,四同位语从句：从句在句中充当同位语成分，其一般跟在一些抽象名词（idea；belief；fact；truth；problem；news等）后面，对名词作进一步解释说明.,1同位语从句常用that引导或用连接副词when/where/why/how/whether1)Theideathatcomputerscanrecognizehumanvoicessurprisesmanypeople.2)WordcamethatNapoleonhimselfwascomingtoinspectthem.3).Theyhadaproblemwhethertheyshouldgoouttonight.（连接代词一般不连接同位从句）,Tellthedifference,1.Thenewsthattheplanewouldtakeoffontimemadeeverybodyhappy.2.Thenewsthatisspreadingaroundtheairportisthataheavystormiscoming.,3.Thesuggestionthatstudentsshouldlearnsomethingpracticalisworthconsidering.4.Thesuggestionthattheyareconsideringisthatstudentsshouldlearnsomethingpractical.,同位语从句,同位语从句,定语从句,定语从句,2同位语从句和定语从句的区别：,1）同位语从句that只起连接作用，不作任何成分定语从句that是关系代词，起连接作用和充当宾语和主语2）同位语从句that不能省定语从句that在从句中作宾语时，可以省Ihaveheardthenewsthathevisitedourfactory.Ihaveheardthenewsthathetoldyouyesterday.,考点一：考查名词性从句的引导词that与what的区别,考例（1）：_wecantgetseemsbetterthan_wehave.（NMET1996）A.What；whatB.What；thatC.That；thatD.That；what,分析：在名词性从句中that与What的区别是：that在从句中不充当句子成分，只起连接作用；而what不仅起连接作用，而且也可充当句子成分。此题考查了两个名词性从句：主语从句和宾语从句，what在这两个名词性从句中都作宾语。,考例（2）：Itworriedherabit_herhairwasturninggrey.A.whileB.ifC.thatD.for,分析：句首的先行词It作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的从句“thatherhairwasturninggrey”。此句也可以改为：Thatherhairwasturninggreyworriedherabit.that在主语从句中不充当句子成分，只起连接作用。,考点二：考查名词性从句中的it作形式主语或形式宾语,考例（1）：_isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.（NMET1995）A.ThereB.ThisC.ThatD.It,分析：在名词性从句中为了保持句子的平衡，往往用先行词it作形式主语或形式宾语，而把真正的主语和宾语放到后面，尤其是that引导的主语从句往往用先行词it作形式主语。此句也可以改写为：ThatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguageisafact.,考例（2）：Ihate_whenpeopletalkwiththeirmouthsfull.（NMET1998）A.itB.thatC.thisD.them,分析：此题考查用先行词it作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语从句放到后面。其他代词均不能作形式主语或形式宾语。,考点三：考查名词性从句的语序,考例：Thephotographswillshowyou_.（NET1999）A.whatdoesourvillagelooklikeB.whatourvillagelookslikeC.howdoesourvillagelooklikeD.howourvillagelookslike,分析：在名词性从句中，关联词要提到句首，句子用陈述句语序。当关联词含有疑问的意义时，考生受习惯影响往往会错误地使用疑问句语序。克服这种错误的关键是要找准从句中的主语和谓语。本题中引导词what作介词like的宾语，而副词how不能作介词like的宾语，所以排除C、D；而A项是疑问句语序，故只能选B.,考点四：考查名词性从句的引导词whether与if及that的区别,考例：_wellgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.（NMET1996）A.IfB.WhetherC.ThatD.Where,分析：whether与if（意为“是否”）的区别是：在引导宾语从句时两者可以互换，但引导介词后边的宾语从句或从句后面紧跟ornot时只能用whether，而不能用if.在引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句时，只能用whether，而不能用if，例如：,1.Whetheritistrueremainsaproblem.这件事是否真实还是个问题。2.Whatthedoctorsreallydoubtiswhethermymotherwillrecoverfromtheseriousdiseasesoon.（上海2001）医生真正怀疑的是我母亲能否很快从重病中恢复过来。3.IamindoubtwhetherIshouldagreetotheplan.我不知道自己是否该同意这计划。,注：以上三句分别为主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。只能用whether引导，不能用if.,考点五：从句中的“疑问词+ever”引导的从句与“nomatter+疑问词”引导的从句的区别,考例（1）：_leavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights.A.AnyoneB.ThepersonC.WhoeverD.Who,分析：Whoever引导的是主语从句，强调“无论谁”，它在主语从句中作主语，相当于anyonewho或thepersonwho.如果要选A或B，必须在它们后面再加上引导定语从句的关系代词who.如果选D就体现不出“无论谁”的含义了。,考例（2）：Sarahhopestobecomeafriendof_sharesherinterests.（1995）A.anyoneB.whomeverC.whoeverD.nomatterwho,分析：“疑问词+ever”引导的名词性从句与“nomatter+疑问词”引导的从句的区别是：前者既可以引导名词性从句也可以引导让步状语从句，后者只能引导让步状语从句。首先排除A和D，又因为从句中缺少的是主语，故排除B.,考点六：考查名词性从句中的虚拟语气,考例：Itisnecessarythatacollegestudent_atleastaforeignlanguageA.mastersB.shouldmasterC.masteredD.willmaster,分析：It作形式主语，that引导的主语从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟语气。,1._madetheschoolproudwas_morethan90%ofthestudentshadbeenadmittedtokeyuniversities.AWhat/becauseBWhat/thatCThat/whatDThat/because2._shecouldntunderstandwas_fewerandfewerstudentsshowedinterestinherlessons.AWhat/whyBThat/whatCWhat/becauseDWhy/that3.Heisabsentfromschool.Itis_heisseriouslyill.A.whyB.becauseC.thatD.thereason4._hashelpedtosavethedrowninggirlisworthpraising.A.WhoB.TheoneC.AnyoneD.Whoever5.Informationhasbeenputforward_moremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversities.A.thatB.howC.whereD.what,6.IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.-Isthat_youhadafewdaysoff?A.whyB.whenC.whatD.where7Areyoustillthinkingaboutyesterdaysgame?-Oh,thats_.A.whatmakesmefeelexcitedB.whateverIfeelexcitedaboutC.howIfeelaboutitD.whenIfeelexcited8._fashiondiffersfromcountrytocountrymayreflecttheculturaldifferencesfromoneaspect.A.WhatB.ThatC.ThisD.Which9.Whenyouanswerquestionsinajobin