高考英语短文改错常见错误类型

高考英语短文改错常见错误类型1、冠词的多用、少用、混用。2、名词 的数与格的误用。3、主谓不一致的错误。学生往往容易忽视定语从句中强调句型中的主谓一致性。4、代词的指代不一致的错误。代词的指代一致性包括人称、数、格和性四方面的统一。代词的人称可分为第一、二、三人称和非人称；代词的数分为单数和复数；代词的格分为主格、宾格、所有格还有名词性物主代词；代词的性分为阳性、阴性和中性。5、动词的时态、语态和语气的误用。多数动词有时态、语态、和语气变化形式，还有上下文的时态呼应，主从句的时态一致。6、非谓语动词的误用。非谓语动词的难点主要体现在Ving形式和过去分词的用法区别、Ving形式与不定式的用法区别、以及非谓语动词的时态、语态的正确运用。7、形容词、副词的混用及其比较等级的误用。形容词一般在句中作定语修饰名词或代词，作表语说明主语的性质、特征；而副词的作用较复杂，常常修饰形容词 、副词 、介词短语、动词或全句。形容词和副词比较等级的误用现象：省略不当；自身比较；修饰语的误用；than连接的两个比较对象不一致或不平行。8、关联词语的误用。关联词分并列连词 and，but，or，so，when等，从属连词各种从句的引导词。关联词语的误用除涉及到其基础知识，还涉及至行文逻辑关系。短文改错题惯用的命题手法是：and，but，or，so等之间的混用；because与so并用；although与but并用；why 与because并用；come与go混用；here与there混用。9、平行结构的误用。平行结构是指用一连串作用和结构相同的或相似的成份表达同一范畴或同一性质、密切关联的内容。平行结构有词之间的平行、词组之间的平行、句子或从句之间的平行、段落之间的平行。在平行结构中常用的并列连词 有and，but，or，than等。10、成分的多与少多一词或少一词。多或少的词语，常见于冠词、介词、不定式标记to等，不过有时也可能是实义词。在短文改错中常出现repeat back，serve for等错误。这类错误大多由于学生受汉语表达习惯的影响，或对英语词义的理解不够准确造成的。11、固定搭配、习惯用法和介词的误用。短文改错中涉及到固定搭配、习惯用法常常多用、少用或误用其中的介词，有时也涉及到其中的动词、冠词的错误搭配。 1. 动词时态和语态 每年都有时态错误的小题，而且改动基本集中在一般过去时与一般现在时之间。时态的更改要以上下文的主体时态为依据。 （1）（2003全国卷）She liked it very much and reads it to the class. All said the story was. 84. read （and连接并列谓语） （2）（2004江苏卷）At once I apologize and controlled myself. 83. apologized （and连接并列谓语） （3）（2004全国卷） Sometimes, we talked to each other very well in class,. 82. talk （根据sometimes可判断此句为一般现在时） （4）（2005全国卷）I will write again and send you the photos we take together. 85. took （把照片寄给你，应该是已经拍好的，用过去时） （5）（2005全国卷） There are advantage for students to work while studying at school. One of them was that they can earn money. 77. is （从上下文判断，应该是现在时，谓语用is） （6）（2005江苏卷）We named him Jack and keep him for about three years. 76. kept（and连接并列谓语）【好题调研】1. You dont need to describe her. I met her several times.2. After the drive, it was cost just over 2 to put the car back into perfect condition.3. All the tickets had sold out when I got to the cinema.4. Great changes have been taken place in the city since 1990.5. The teacher caught me cheating. I dont know what to say.6. Hardly did the doctor gone to bed when there was a knock on the door.7. The harder you will work, the better results you will have.8. Yesterday we were playing basketball while they are playing football.9. I should very much like to have gone to the party, but I am not invited.10. I dont think shell be upset, but Ill see her in case she does.答案与解析：1. met前加have。2. 去掉was。3. had后加been。4. 去掉been。5. dontdidnt。6. didhad。7. 去掉第一个will。8. arewere。9. amwas。10. doesis。【强化闯关】1. Every possible means has tried, but none proves successful.2. We were told not to go that way because the bridge was repaired.3. The pen I thought I lost is on my desk, right under my nose.4. I spent two weeks in Paris last year. Had you gone there before?5. Im really discouraged, I didnt expect there will be so much trouble in finding a job here.6. I have been studying computer for several years and I still have.7. Last Sunday, he went to the library, borrowing two books and then left.8. Neither side was willing to give in at all, as a result no agreement has reached.9. Mr White works as a lawyer now, but he has worked in a company for several years.10. She was so interested in the book that she read it for three hours before she realized it.11. When I saw her smiling face, I knew she is writing good news of her daughter.12. Remember to send me a photo of us next time you will write to me.13. I can guess you were in a hurry. You were wearing your sweater inside out.14. I know Mr. Brown; we are introduced to each other at an international conference.15. I want to buy that kind of cloth because the cloth is washeswell.答案与解析：1. has后加been。2. was后加being。3. lost前加had。4. HadHave。5. willwould。6. 第二个haveam。7. borrowingborrowed。8. haswas。9. 去掉has。10. read前加had。11. iswas。12. 去掉will。13. 第二个wereare。14. arewere。15. 去掉is。 2. 名词单复数（1） 单复数互改是高考英语改错题的基本题型之一，改动的依据有：一是根据名词前的修饰限定成份；二是根据上下文的逻辑关系。 （1）（2003全国卷）Their word were a great encouragement to me. 85. words （是把word改为words 还是把were改为was，根据名词前的修饰限定词their来决定。） （2）（2004江苏）that was a dinner we had waited for several month. 85. months （several修饰复数名词） （3）（2004全国卷） a few minute on the Internet. 77. minutes （a few修饰复数名词） （4）（2005全国卷）But one and a half year later. 79. years （one and a half意思为一年半，故判断此处year应为复数形式） （5）（2005全国卷）There are advantage for students to work. 76. advantages（从there are 判断应该用名词复数）【好题调研】1. Please read the instruction carefully before using the medicine.2. Its such an important information that we should report it to the headmaster at once3. Are they going to have a picnic on Childrens Day?4. To my surprised, I found we have much in common in our taste.5. There are five shoes to choose from, but Im at a loss which to buy.6. The New York Times are read all over the United States.7. The police is searching the city for a thief.8. During my stay in London I visited many places of interests.9. We study quite a few subject, such as maths, Chinese, English, and physics.10. I take a quick at some of the headline on the front page. 答案与解析：1. instructioninstructions。2. 去掉冠词an。3. ChildrensChildrens。本题考查复数名词所有格的用法。children本身是复数名词，其所有格应加s，类似地，Womens Day, Teachers Day, Nurses Day等。4. surprisedsurprise。5. shoes前加pairs of。6. areis。7. isare。8. interestsinterest。9. subjectsubjects。10. headlineheadlines。【强化闯关】1. We practice three times every week and often watch football match on TV together.2. Carry your valuable with you, your money, jewelry, camera and so on.3. The majority of doctors believes smoking is harmful to health.4. After one year hard work, the Senior Three students have already prepared themselves for the entrance examination. 5. Today I visited the Smithsmy first time visit to an American family.6. That is where the main difference between animals and human being lies.7. She said she and my classmate all wished me success.8. Professor White gave me one of the best piece of advice Ive ever heard.9. If you have troubles falling asleep, some people suggest breathing slowly. 10. I asked several passer-by, but unfortunately none of them knew the difference.11. Remember that we will not always get so many time for our parent and other family members.12. I saw your wife and children waiting for me with warm smile of welcome on their faces.13. I told her not to use the office phone for personal call.14. Looking back at my childhood experience, I think that three reason might explain the fear.15.Many new homes have been built in helping you to get round London. 答案与解析：1. matchmatches。本题是名词复数的使用错误。结合语境，通过电视所看比赛不止一场，复数概念。2. valuablevaluables。本题是因为不了解词的特殊意义而出错。此处valuable是名词，作“贵重物品”讲，应用复数形式。3. believesbelieve。本题是因为不了解majority的用法造成主谓不一致。majority表示“大多数”，作主语，谓语用复数形式。4. yearyears。表示“时间”等名词此作定语时，常用其所有格形式。5. 去掉time。本题考查英汉差别造成的语义重复。英语中first本身已经包含“第一次”之意，因此后边的time是多余的。6. beingbeings。本题是名词数的使用错误。human being表示“人类”，是可数名词，此处与animals相对应，应用其复数形式。本句中the main difference作主语，单数形式。7. classmateclassmates。本题考查根据语境用复数的判断能力。结合常识一个学生的classmate不止一个吧，其次，后边用all表示“都祝福我成功”也说明classmates应用复数形式。8. piecepieces。本题考查语境中必须用复数形式的场合。one of结构中心名词须用复数形式来表示“之一”。9. troublestrouble。本题考查常用句型中名词的用法。have trouble/difficulty in doing 是常用句型，其中trouble/difficulty都是不可数名词。10. passer-bypassers-by。本题考查根据语境用复数的判断能力以及复合名词复数的构成。several暗示后边用复数形式；passer-by属于复合名词，这类词往往加在中心名词上，再如，brothers-in-law, standers-by, grown-ups。11. manymuch。本题考查不可数名词的修饰语。many, a good many, a great number of等都表示“许多”概念，但只能修饰可数名词复数形式。12. smilesmiles。本题考查根据语境用复数的判断能力。不止一个人的笑脸，因此应用复数形式。13. callcalls。本题为名词数的误用。call为可数名词，在此语境中须用复数；如用单数须加不定冠词a。14. reasonreasons。本题为名词数的误用。three后接复数名词。15.homeshouses。 home表示“有人类活动的家庭”，而house单纯指“供人居住的房子”。 3. 句子结构 句子结构方面的错误范围庞大，解答高考英语改错题主要可以从以下几方面来思考：1）句子结构是否完整，成份是否冗缺；2）单词的词性与其在句中的功能是否相符；3）主谓一致；4）复合句中连接主句和从句的关系词或引导词的运用是否得当等。 （1）（2004 全国卷）I wont be able to meet you at the airport although I have classes in the afternoon. 78. because/as （复合句中连接主句和从句的关系词运用不当） （2）（2004 全国卷） I dont know that they dont like to talk with me. 81. why （复合句中连接主句和从句的关系词运用不当） （3）（2005全国卷）For the most part, students working to earn money for their own use. 78. work （缺谓语动词） （4）（2005全国卷）Earning their own money allow them to spend on anything if they like. 79. allows （主语是动名词短语Earning their own money，谓语应该用单数） （5）（2005江苏卷）But the most wonderful thing about Jack were his musical ability. 84. was（主语是第三人称单数） 4. 赘述 高考英语改错题中的赘述是指在一些固定表达中或从上下文逻辑来看用了多余的词，从而使句子表达不合规范或造成逻辑上的重复。 （1）（2003全国卷80）I followed her advice and should put down 100 words or so each day. 80. should （并列谓语，should多余） （2）（2004 全国卷）Can you tell me about what I should do? 85. about （tell sb about/of sth或tell sb接从句） （3）（2004重庆卷）I had to look up to the same word many times, . 78. to （look up a word查字典） （4）（2005全国卷）Some students may also to save up for their college or future use. 84. to （情态动词may后接动词原形） （5）（2005江苏卷） But for the most wonderful thing about Jack was his musical ability. 83. for（but是连词for是介词，不能并列） 5. 固定结构（固定句型、固定短语、固定搭配） 所谓固定结构是指英语中一些不能随意更改的习惯表达。如固定短语中的词不能缺，固定搭配要前后一致等。 （1）（2003全国卷81）Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself on paper as I was . 81. talking （enjoy doing为固定短语） （2）（2004 全国卷）I am sure they will laugh to me and see me as a fool. 79. at （laugh at sb. 固定短语） （3）（2004 浙江卷）from friends can all provide you for stamps from all over the world. 82 with （provide . with为固定短语） （4）（2005全国卷）I am writing to thank you with your kind help. 76. for （thank sb for sth） （5）（2005全国卷） or for permission to do things by money. 83. with（with money） 6. 冠词 英语中冠词只有三个，从高考英语改错题的角度来看，只能从以下几个方向出题：1）不定冠词a和an互改；2）不定冠词a或an和定冠词the互改；3）根据需要增删冠词。 （1）（2004 全国卷）I will have to decide what I want to do over a weekend. 77. the （根据句义是特指这个周末） （2）（2004江苏卷）When I was boy, . 76. a （我是一个男孩，应用不定冠词 a.） （3）（2004 辽宁卷）This was my first visit to a English family. 78. an （English开头字母是元音，应该用an） （4）（2004重庆卷）I started writing down words from books that I read. 82. the （名词后由从句修饰时，应使用定冠词）（5）（2005全国卷）I hope youve hadpleasant journey home and will come to China 83. a【好题调研】1. Besides, its waste of time and energy for my teacher to visit my home. 2. A new science museum was open to public in my city last month.3. What a great fun it is to have a swim in the summer vacation!4. Ten minutes later, the firemen came and put out fire.5. I used to be a happy little girl but now Im shy and say a few words.6. I had not studied at all at the weekend as I had thought it would be a easy test.7. Since he has no sense of humor, Im sure he didnt catch humor in your remarks.8. A stranger stopped in the front of me and asked me the way to a new restaurant.9. I began to feel worried because I didnt have either a raincoat or umbrella about me.10. She explained what her problem was to one of helpful shop assistants.答案与解析：1. waste前加a。本题考查名词固定搭配。a waste of浪费（时间、金钱）。2. public前加the。本题考查含名词的固定短语。the public公众；人民。3. 去掉a。fun表示“有趣的人或事”但是不可数名词。great fun很有趣的人或事。4. fire前加the。本题考查名词表示特指的用法。这里特指消防队员要扑灭的大火。5. 去掉第二个a。本题考查根据句子逻辑进行判断的能力。根据used to表示前后对比的用法得知，后半句表示自己现在沉默寡言，否定意义。6. aan。本题考查可数名词前冠词的准确运用。由于中心名词test是单数形式，而easy以元音开头，因此前边应加上an而不是a。由于不细心造成功亏一篑，可惜呀！7. 第二个humour前加the。本题考查同一名词不同语境的灵活用法。a sense of humor幽默感。第二空特指谈话中的幽默点。8. 去掉第一个the。本题考查易混介词短语的用法。in the front of表示内部的前边，而in the front of表示“在前边”（相对位置），显然这里应用后者。9. umbrella前加an。本题考查可数名词前冠词的准确运用。umbrella是可数名词，又以元音开头，前边应用不定冠词an。10. helpful前加the。本题考查特定语境中名词表示特指的用法。显然这里特指特定的一位善解人意的营业员。【强化闯关】1. I was in such hurry that I burnt my hand when I was cooking breakfast.2. Yes, why not give me a call or come for the get-together this weekend?3. These cleaning women are paid by hour.4. Helen was pleased with the offer and decided to start work next day.5. Of all the students I made fewest mistakes in the exam.6. Do you know who is in the charge of the children here?7. He felt that somebody patted him on his shoulder.8. The most important thing about cotton in history is a part that it played in the Industrial Revolution.9. Each player must obey captain, who is the leader of the team.10. As she didnt want to spend much money, she chose cheaper of the two.11. Please tell a good news to the rest of the family as soon as possible.12. When sun was setting, he still didnt catch any fish.13. Here is introduction to the Beech School of English. 14. In fact many people enjoy sports by watching the others play.15. The Wilsons live in an A-shaped house near the coast. It is the 17th century cottage.答案与解析：1. hurry前加a。本题考查固定搭配准确运用能力。in a hurry是固定词组，意为“匆忙地”。2. thea。本题考查可数名词前冠词的确定。由于是第一次出现“聚会”这个概念，应理解为泛指，因此前边应用a。3. hour 前加the。计量单位词前要用the。by the hour表示按小时（付钱等）。4. next前加the。本题考查冠词的灵活用法。next day泛指“明天；第二天”，若表示具体一天之后“第二天”应用the next day。5. fewest前加the。本题考查形容词最高级前使用定冠词的用法。the fewest mistakes错误最少。6. 去掉第一个the。本题考查易混短语的用法。in charge of表示“负责；主管”，而in the charge of表示“由负责”，意思相反。根据本句意思，应用前者。7. histhe。本题考查特定句型中冠词的使用。“hit, pat, strike, catch, seize, take+ sb. on/in/by+the+身体部位名词”是常用句型，应牢记。8. athe。本题考查名词表示特指的用法。这里特指棉花在工业革命中所起的作用，是特指，应用the。9. captain前加the。本题考查名词表示特指的用法。后边的定语从句起限制作用，应用定冠词the修饰。10. cheaper前加the。本题考查冠词与比较级连用的用法。表示“两者之间更”应用“the +比较级+of”句型。11. athe。本题考查结合语境名词表示特指的用法。显然这里特指双方都知道的消息，因此应用定冠词the。12. sun前加the。本题考查结合定冠词the基本用法。日月星辰、江河湖海等名词前常用定冠词the。 13. introduction前加an。本题考查单数可数名词前冠词的用法。an introduction to对的介绍。14. 去掉the。本题考查与冠词相关的易混代词的用法。the others表示“剩余的全部”，而others表示“其他人；别人”。本句意为：事实上许多人所谓喜欢体育是看着别人玩的。15. 第三个thea。一般来说，序数词前应用定冠词the，但这里中心词是cottage，侧重表示“一个十七世纪风格的茅屋”，泛指概念。 7. 代词 代词不仅要与其所指代对象一致，其运用还要符合上下文的语气及逻辑关系。 （1）（2004 浙江卷）And every year more and more people start a stamp collection of your own . 78. their （指代对象应一致） （2）（2004湖北卷）You have to be friends with your pupils and take good care of him. 83. them （pupils 是复数,后应该用替代复数名词的代词。） （3）（2005全国卷）Some students may also save up for our college or future use. 85. their （指代对象应一致） （4）（2005江苏卷）We often play a trick on himself. 79. him（play a trick on sb）【好题调研】1. There is a No.2 trolleybus and a No.24 bus; any will take you there.2. Its your decision, of course, but I advise you to take it.3. If you want to change for a double room youll have to pay other $15.4. We had to do the washing, cleaning and shopping by us.5. If this dictionary is not yours, who else can it be?6. The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home.7. Toms mother kept telling him that he should work hard, but which didnt help.8. At once I apologized and controlled me at my best till the dinner started.9. And I came to understand that was not easy to earn money. 10. Luckily, the teacher did not punish for cheating but instead gave me a second chance.答案与解析：1. anyeither。本题是语境逻辑考虑不周造成。这里应用either表示“两者之一”。2. ItsIts。本题考查易混不定代词的区别。Its是形容词性物主代词，而Its是It is的缩写，意思也不同。3. otheranother。another $15表示“另外15元”，相当于15 other dollars。4. usourselves。本题考查反身代词的用法。根据语境应用by ourselves表示“靠我们自己”。5. whowhose或elseelses。本题考查句子内在逻辑判断。whose else=who elses，表示“其他谁的（物品）”。6. histheir。不定代词指代一致性。The Smiths表示“史密斯夫妇”或“史密斯一家人”，复数概念，因此后边用did their best与之呼应。7. whichit。本题考查句法用法。but是并列连词，引导并列句，而which引导定语从句，前后矛盾，所以应理解为并列句比较合适。8. memyself。本题是反身代词的语境运用错误。根据语境这里指“我”自我调控，反身代词作宾语。9. wasit。本题考查it作形式主语的用法。这里it代替后边的不定式短语作形式主语。10. punish后加oujia 后加me。本题是代词语境运用错误。punish sb. for sth.因为而惩罚某人。【强化闯关】1. No progress was made in the trade talks as none side would accept the conditions of the other. 2. Staying with an English family it will provide you with a chance to practise your spoken English. 3. I need some blue ink today but there is nothing at hand.4. The day before the speech contest English teacher talked to me.5. The thieves fled the town separately, every carrying a bag.6. Most of the housework was done by two members of the family, my sister and mine. 7. Cut the apple into halves so that the twins may each get other half.8. Few pleasures can equal those of a cool drink on a hot day.9. One day I wrote a little story and showed to my teacher. 10. Was you that I saw last night at the concert?11. I prefer a street in a small town to that in such a large city as Shanghai.12. There is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.13. The Parkers bought a new house but he will need a lot of work before they can move in.14. I hope there are enough glasses for each guest to have it.15. Therere so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I cant make up my mind what to buy.答案与解析：1. noneneither。本题考查不定代词基本用法。none用于三者以上，而the other用于二者之间，结合语境谈判是在两者之间，所以改none为neither。2. 去掉it。本题考查句法应用，因为Staying with an English family可以直接作主语，所以后边的it是多余的，应去掉。3. nothingnone。本题考查易混不定代词的区别。nothing意为“没有东西”，侧重回答有没有，而侧重表示“没有一个人”或“没有一点东西”侧重数量，显然这里指后者。4. English前加my。本题是单数名词前修饰语问题。teacher是可数名词，因此前边应用my进行限定。5. everyeach。本题是混淆了every和each的区别。every是形容词，只能作定语，而each可作代词或形容词，作主语、宾语、同位语等。6. mineme。本题是代词指代一致性错误。根据语境，my sister and me作前边two members of the family的同位语，又位于介词之后，因此应用宾格。7. other前加the。halves本题是忽略语境关键词导致错误。halves暗示总共只有两份，各取其一，即“两者之一”。8. thosethat。本题考查代词指代用法。that多替代单数可数名词或不可数名词，而those代替复数名词。这里that代替the pleasure of a cool drink。9. showed后加it。本题是动词短语结构不完整。showto sb.把给某人看。10. Was后加it。本题是固定句型运用错误。原句是强调句型，即It is/wasthat，应注意结构完整性。11. thatone。本题考查代词指代用法。that和one 都可以代替单数可数名词，但that表示特指，而one表示泛指，the one才表示特指。12. ThereIt。本题考查it作形式主语的用法。这里it代替后边的主语从句作形式主语。13. heit。本题考查代词指代用法。but后边it指代时间，而不是主语The Parkers。oub 14. itone。本题考查不定代词的用法。it可指上文提到的人或物，是同一个对象，而one指代上文提到的同一类人或物。15. whatwhich。本题考查