汽车专业英语PPT课件-section 1ppt课件Chapter 1

STRUCTUREoftheProfessionalEnglish,AutomotiveMaintenanceandRepair,Section1AutomotiveBasics第一篇汽车基础,Chapter1GeneralInformationBasicPartsClassificationChapter2InternalCombustionEngineOperationClassificationsBlockAndHeadPistonAndConnectingRodCrankshaftValveSystemFuelInjectionDirectInjectionCommonRailCoolingLubricationChapter3PowerTrainClutchM/TA/TCVTAMTDCTChapter4SteeringandSuspensionSystemsChapter5BrakingSystemsChapter6ElectricalAndElectronicSystemsPowerSourseStartorAlternatorLightsSignalsAnti-theftAir-conditioning,本部分讲授内容,NewWords,1.1BasicPartsofAutomobile1.1.1Engine,NewWords,1.1BasicPartsofAutomobile1.1.1Engine,NewWords,1.1BasicPartsofAutomobile1.1.1Engine,Todaysaveragecarcontainsmorethan15,000separate,individualpartsthatmustworktogether.Thesepartscanbegroupedintofourmajorcategories:engine,body,chassisandelectricalequipments，seeFig.1-1.,Fig.1-1basicpartsofacar,1.1BasicPartsofAutomobile1.1.1Engine,Theengineactsasthepowerunit.Therearetwotypesofengine:gasolineengine(alsocalledaspark-ignitionengine)anddieselengine(alsocalledacompression-ignitionengine).Allengineshavefuel,exhaust,cooling,andlubricationsystems.Gasolineenginesalsohaveanignitionsystem.Theignitionsystemsuppliestheelectricsparkneededtoignitetheair-fuelmixtureinthecylinders.Thefuelsystemstoresliquidfuelanddeliversittotheengine.Thefuelismixedwithairtoformacombustiblemixtureinthecarburetor,themanifold,orthecylindersthemselves.Thecoolingsystemremovesexcessiveheatfromtheengine.Airandacoolantareusedtocarryawaytheheat.Thelubricationsystemisimportantinkeepingtheenginerunningsmoothly.Motoroilisthelubricantusedinthesystem.,1.1BasicPartsofAutomobile1.1.1Engine,Anautomobilebody(Fig.1-2)providesaprotectivecoveringfortheengine,passengers,andcargo.Thebodyisdesignedtokeeppassengerssafeandcomfortable.Thebodystylingprovidesanattractive,colorful,modemappearanceforthevehicle.Itisstreamlinedtolessenwindresistanceandtokeepthecarfromswayingatthedrivingspeeds.,1.1.2Body,1.1BasicPartsofAutomobile,Fig.1-2Anautomobilebody,Thechassisincludesthepowertrain,suspension,steering,andbrakesystems.Thepowertrainsystemcomprisesclutch,transmission,propellershaft,rearaxleanddifferentialandthedrivingroadwheels.Theclutchortorqueconverterhasthetaskofdisconnectingandconnectingtheenginespowerfromandtothedrivingwheelsofthevehicle.Themainpurposeofthetransmissionorgearboxistoprovideaselectionofgearratiosbetweentheengineanddrivingwheels,sothatthevehiclecanoperatesatisfactorilyunderalldrivingconditions.Gearselectionmaybedonemanuallybythedriverorautomaticallybyahydrauliccontrolsystem.Thefunctionofthepropeller(drive)shaftistotransmitthedrivefromthegearboxtotheinputshaftoftherearaxleanddifferentialassembly.Flexiblejointsallowtherearaxleandwheelstomoveupanddownwithoutaffectingoperation.Therearaxleanddifferentialunittransmitstheenginesrotationalpowerthrough90frompropellershafttoaxleshafttoroadwheels.Afurtherfunctionistoalloweachdrivingwheeltoturnatadifferentspeedwhencornering.Athirdfunctionistointroduceanothergearratiofortorquemultiplication.,1.1BasicPartsofAutomobile1.1.3Chassis,Thebasicjobofthesuspensionsystemistoabsorbtheshockscausedbyirregularroadsurfacesthatwouldotherwisebetransmittedtothevehicleanditsoccupants,thushelpingtokeepthevehicleonacontrolledandlevelcourse,regardlessofroadconditions.Thesteeringsystemprovidesthemeansbywhichthefrontwheelsaredirectionallyturned.Thesteeringsystemmaybepowerassistedtoreducetheeffortrequiredtoturnthesteeringwheelandmakethevehicleeasiertomanoeuvre.Thebrakingsystemonavehiclehasthreemainfunctions.Itmustbeabletoreducethespeedofthevehicle,whennecessary;itmustbeabletostopthecarinasshortadistanceaspossible;itmustbeabletoholdthevehiclestationary.Eachwheelhasabrakeassembly,ofeitherthedrumtypeorthedisctype,hydraulicallyoperatedwhenthedriverappliesthefootbrakepedal.,1.1BasicPartsofAutomobile1.1.3Chassis,Theelectricalsystemsupplieselectricityfortheignition,horn,lights,heater,andstarter.Theelectricitylevelismaintainedbyachargingcircuit.Thiscircuitconsistsofabattery,andanalternator(orgenerator).Thebatterystoreselectricity.Thealternatorchangestheenginesmechanicalenergyintoelectricalenergyandrechargesthebattery.,1.1BasicPartsofAutomobile1.1.4ElectricalEquipment,Chapter1GeneralInformation1.2ClassificationofAutomobile,NewWords,NewWords,Chapter1GeneralInformation1.2ClassificationofAutomobile,Chapter1GeneralInformation1.2ClassificationofAutomobile,Motorvehiclescanbeclassifieddependingonthefollowingfeatures:Usesofvehicle.Motorvehiclescanbedividedintopassengercarsandcommercialvehicles.Passengercarsareprimarilyintendedforuseintransportingpeople,aswellastheirluggageandothersmallcargo.Thenumberofseats,includingthatofthedriver,isrestrictedtonine.Commercialvehiclesaredesignedtotransportpeopleandcargoandforpullingtrailers,seeFig.1-3.Bodyshapes.Asedanhasanenclosedbodywithamaximumof4doorstoallowaccesstothepassengercompartment.Thedesignalsoallowsforstorageofluggageorothergoods.Asedancanalsobereferredtoasasaloonandtraditionallyhasafixedroof.Therearesoft-topversionsofthesamebodydesignexceptforhaving2doors,andthesearecommonlyreferredtoasconvertibles(Fig.1-4).,Chapter1GeneralInformation1.2ClassificationofAutomobile,Chapter1GeneralInformation1.2ClassificationofAutomobile,Fig.1-4Bodyshapes,Multi-purposevans(MPV)canbebasedoncommonsedandesignsorredesignssothatmaximumcargospaceisavailable.Thepick-upcarriesgoods.Usuallyithasstrongerchassiscomponentsandsuspensionthanasedantosupportgreatergrossvehiclemass.Thebodiesofcommercialvehiclesthattransportgoodsaredesignedforthatspecificpurp