新视界大学英语综合教程2 unit4ppt课件

,THEONEHATGOTAWAY,Warmingup,Workinpairsandguessthemeaningoftheanimalidioms.,IgottheinformationfromasourceIdonotwanttotellyouabout,asecretsource.(Birdshavelongbeenassociatedwithcarryingmessagesandthisseemstobetheoriginoftheidiom.),ThesituationseemedsuspiciousandIdidnottrusther.(Fishthathasbeguntosmellisnotfreshandcannotbetrustedtobesafetoeat.),Warmingup,Sameatsalot.(Ashorseseatfoodlowinnutritionalvalue,theyhavetoeatagreatdealofit.),Theycangoontalkingforhours.(Cowswalkhomeveryslowlyfromthefieldstothebarneveryevening.),Warmingup,Youleftveryquietly.(Again,itisderivedfromthefactthatmicearehuntedbycats,owlsandothercreatures,sotheymoveveryquietlyinopenspaces.),Itishardtochangeoldhabits;theolddonotlearnnewthingsasquicklyastheyoung.(Thisisaveryoldsayingbasedonfactasheepdog,forexample,needstobetrainedwhenyoung.),Warmingup,Thecousinistheworstmemberofthefamily,theleastrespectableorwell-behaved.(Forgeneticreasons,eveninaflockofwhitesheep,preferredasthewoolcanbedyedvariouscolours,blacksheepareoccasionallyborn,butarenotwanted,anoddityandproblem.),Sherevealedthesecret.(Onepossibleoriginisthatdishonestpeopletriedtosellcatsinbagsaspigsandanyrevealingofthetruthwouldruinthesale.OritmightcomefromasimilarDutchidiomaboutbuyingacatinabag,iebeingcheated.),Warmingup,ArethereanysimilaridiomsinChinese?,Playthelutetoacow.(对牛弹琴)Standbyastumpwaitingformoreharestocomeanddashthemselvesagainstit.(守株待兔)Froginawell(thatcanseeonlyatinypatchofskynobiggerthanthemouthofthewell).(井底之蛙)Anoldhorseknowsitsway.(老马识途)Shoottwohawkswithonearrow.(similartokilltwobirdswithonestone)(一箭双雕),Warmingup,Calladeerahorse.(similartocallwhiteblack,meaningturnrightintowrong)(指鹿为马)Bringapictureofadragontolifebyputtingpupilsintoitseyes.(addthetouchthatbringsaworkofarttolife)(画龙点睛)Foxborrowsthetigersfiercenessbywalkinginthelatterscompany.(狐假虎威),Warmingup,Thedescriptionshowsthedifferencesinanimalcharacteristics:birdsflyaroundandcancarrymessages;badfishsmell;horseseatalot;domesticatedcowsmoveveryslowly;dogsneedtobetrainedwhenyoung;micearequiettoavoidbeingprey;blacksheepwerenotwelcometofarmersinthepast.,1.Towhatextentdothesedescriptionsreflectthedifferentcharactersofanimals?,Workinpairsanddiscussthequestions.,Warmingup,Peopledothisbecausetheythinktheanimalsactuallyhavethosecharacteristics.Lionsseembraveastheyarenotafraidofanyotheranimal,peacocksappeartobeproudastheyshowofftheirtailfeathersinthematingseason,andsnakesseemcunningandevilbecausetheymovesosilently,attacksuddenly,mayusepoisonandswallowtheirpreywhole.Likewiseantsandbeesarealwaysbusyandseemhardworking.Besides,itisavividandcolourfulwaytodescribepeopleasbeinglikeanimals.,2.Whydoyouthinkpeopleuseanimalstoreflecthumancharacteristics?,Warmingup,Animalsmayseehumanbeingsasdangerous,cruel,deceitfulandverygreedy.Animalsmaycommentonhumanintelligence,abilitytocooperateandthoughtforthefuture.Manyspecieswouldbesurprisedatthestrengthoffamilybondsamongpeople.,3.Ifanimalscouldtalk,howwouldtheydescribehumanbeings?,Warmingup,Thereisnoreasontheyshouldnothave.Theideaanimalsandhumansarecompletelydifferentcategoriesisveryout-of-date.Thehighermammalsareverylikeourselves.Chimpanzees,dolphins,elephantsetc,theyshowallthesignsofreactingemotionallyaswellasinstinctively.Itmayseemhardertoimaginemostfishorinsectshavefeelings.,4Doyouthinkanimalshavefeelings?,Warmingup,Lookatthepictureandanswerthequestions.,1Whatarethepeopledoing?2Whatarethepossibleoutcomesoftheiraction?,Warmingup,Watchavideoclipandworkingroupstoshareexamplesofanimalintelligenceyouknow.,Adogguidedablindman2,144milesdowntheAppalachianTrail.Acatdefendedasleepinginfantfromadeadlyrattlesnakethatwaspreparedtostrike.Adolphinsavedapersonwhowasdrowningatsea.Agorillawastaughttotypeusingaspecialcomputer,sothegorillacouldcommunicateabitwithpeople.,Skimming,Browsethepassagewithin8minutestogetaroughideaaboutit.AnswerthequestionsofActivity2and3onpage74.,Task,Check()thetruestatements.,1In2009aSwissfishermancaughtalargefish.2Thefishermancookedthefishandinvitedhisfriendstoeatitwithhim.3Switzerlandhasstrictlawswhichprotectanimals.,Skimming,4YoucantkeepapigbyitselfinSwitzerland.5YoucantkeepabirdinthehouseinSwitzerland.6Alawyerpaidbythestaterepresentedthefishincourt.7Swissfarmersthinkanimalsshouldbebetterprotectedbylaw.8Thefishwonthecase.,Thetruestatementsare1,3,4and6.,Skimming,Answerthequestions.,1Whatmistakedidthefishermanmake?,Heboastedaboutthefishhecaughttoalocalnewspaper.,2WhydoestheSwissstateprovidelegalaidforanimals?,Toprotectanimalsfrombadtreatmentbyhuman.Besides,whilehumanscandefendthemselves,animalscannot.,Skimming,3Whatlawwasintroducedin2008?,Onedetailingtheconditionsunderwhichanyspeciesofanimalsshouldbekept.,4Whatdidanimalrightssupportersfailtodoin2010?,Theyfailedtoobtainstate-fundedlegalrepresentationforallanimalsinSwitzerland,similartothatinZurich.,5WhenwerethefirstanimalprotectionlawspassedinBritain?,Inthe17thcentury.,Skimming,6Whatwasthe18th-centurydebateaboutanimals?,Thedebateaboutwhetheranimalshadfeelingsornot.,7Whichwerethetwomainfocusesofattentionforanimalrightsgroupsinthe20thcentury?,Huntingandscientificresearchusinganimals.,8Whattworeasonsdoesthewritergivetosuggestthatanimalrightsshouldbelimited?,Wecannotexpectanimalstofulfilobligationsofanykind,andmuchscientificresearchdoesneedanimaltesting.,Theonethatgotaway,译文,Digging,1Fishermenalwaysliketotelltalesabout“theonethatgotaway”,thefishwhichescapedfromtheirhooksafteralengthystruggle.,2So,imagineafreezingdayinFebruary,andyoureonthebanksofLakeZurichinSwitzerland.Yourefishing,youvejustcastyourlineintothewaters,andyourewaitingpatientlyforafishtobite.Suddenlytherodbendsandyourealizethatyouvecaughtsomethingfairlysubstantial.Fortenminutesyoubattlewiththefishuntilfinally,youpullinapikeoneofthosehugefishwithlotsofteethweighingtenkilos.Now,basedonthenot-very-scientificassumptionthattheuglierthefish,thebetterittastes,whatwouldyoudonext?,Digging,3Youguessedit!WhenthishappenedtoaSwissfishermanin2009,heinvitedagroupoffriendstoalocalrestaurant,wheretheyhadadeliciouslunch.Hethenboastedtoalocalnewspaperhowlongithadtakenhimtolandthefish.Butthatwasabigmistake.,译文,Digging,4TheSwisshavesomeofthestrictestanimalwelfarelegislationintheworld,designedtoprotectanimalsfromcrueltreatmentbyhumans.Fish,pigs,birds,andothersocialanimalsarenotallowedtobekeptalone.Horsesandcowshavetobeallowedoutsideforafixednumberofhourseveninwinter.Dogownersareobligedtoattendspecialtrainingcoursesandtofeedtheirpetsspecialdogfood.,译文,Digging,5Infact,Zurichevenhasastate-fundedattorney,AntoineGoetschel,whospecializesinrepresentinganimalsiftheyhavebeensubjectedtocruelty.AndwhenthefishermanonLakeZurichwasreportedbyananimalrightsorganizationandbroughttocourt,itwasGoetschelwhorepresentedthefish.,译文,Digging,Thelawyersviewisthatthereisacoreprincipleoffairjusticewhichsupportshiswork.Animalscanbe,andoftenare,badlytreatedbyhumans.Butwhilehumanscandefendthemselves,oftenwiththehelpoflawyers,animalscannot.Legalrepresentationfortheanimalacknowledgesrespectforitsdignity.,译文,Digging,6In2008,alawwaspassedinSwitzerland,whichdetailstheconditionsinwhichanyspeciesofanimalsshouldbekept.ButunlikethestateofZurich,theother25federalstatesofSwitzerlanddonthaveanimalrightslawyers.Switzerlandhasaformofdirectdemocracy,wherecitizenscancontestnewlawsorvoteforchangestoitifthereisenoughcollectivesupport.Agroupofanimalrightssupportersrequestedavote,whichtookplaceinMarch2010,todecideifallanimalsshouldhavestate-fundedlegalrepresentationsimilartothatinZurich.,译文,Digging,7Farmerswereagainsttheidea.Theytookgreatcaretorespectthedignityofthecattleintheircare.Buttheyrantheriskofbeingaccusedofacrimesimplybydoingtheirjob.Eventhefederalgovernmentwasagainstitfortworeasons.Firstly,theseparatestatesofSwitzerlandalreadyhaveaspecialofficeforanimalprotection.Secondly,thelawyerswouldbefundedbythetaxpayer.Intheend,theproposalwasrejectedby70percentofthevoters.,译文,Digging,8Animalrightsandanimalwelfarearenotmodernissues.In17th-centuryEnglandandIreland,lawswerepassedtoprotectfarmanimals.Inthe18thcentury,therewasmuchdiscussionaboutwhetheranimalshadfeelings.Inthe19thcenturybothBritainandtheUScreatedanimalprotectiongroups.Finally,inthe20thcentury,theanimalrightsmovementwasknownforitsdirectactionagainstallformsofhunting,andagainstscientificresearchestablishmentswhereanimalswereusedforexperiments.,译文,Digging,9Yetthecounterargumentisthatrightsalsoimplyobligations.Althoughwemayallowanimalscertainrights,wecannotexpectthemtofulfilanyobligationstowardsus.Furthermore,muchscientificresearchingeneral,andessentialmedicalresearchinparticular,needstobetestedonanimals.,译文,Digging,10Butpassinglawsnotjusttoprotectanimalsbuttogivethemlegalrepresentationissurelythemostextremepositioninthedebateaboutanimalrights.Attheveryleast,thedebatedemonstratesamoremoderateconcernaboutthegeneralwelfareofanimalsinacivilizedworld.,译文,Digging,11Andwhataboutthefishandthefisherman?TheZurichstatelawyerlosthiscaseincourt,andonthisrareoccasion,thefishermanwastheonethatgotaway.,译文,Digging,Mainideaofthetext,1.Theonethatgotaway(title),Itisanidiomwhichreferstosomethinggoodthatyounearlyhadorthatnearlyhappened.Fishermenareseenaslikelytoexaggerateand“fishermenstales”areregardedasprettyunreliable,particularlywhentheyareaboutafishthatgotawayandwasnotcaught.Itthereforecannotbeinspectedasprooforotherwiseofthesizeclaimedbythefisherman.,Difficultsentences,Difficultsentences,2.Youguessedit!(Line1,Para3),Whatthefishermandidiswhatmostofuswoulddo.Itshowsthewritersattitudeofsympathytowardsthemanwhocaughtthepike.,Difficultsentences,3.Fish,pigs,birds,andothersocialanimalsarenotallowedtobekeptalone.(Line4,Para4),socialanimals:animalswhichnaturallyliveingroupsandmightsufferifkeptalone,Difficultsentences,4.Thelawyersviewisthatthereisacoreprincipleoffairjusticewhichsupportshiswork.(Line7,Para5),MrGoetschelbelievesheisdefendinganimportantmoralprinciple,thatalllivingcreatureshavetheirowndignityandrighttobewell-treated.Humanscannotjustdoastheywishwithotherspecies.Whenthewayahumantreatsananimalfallsbelowacertainstandard,someoneshouldspeakfortheanimalandmakesureitsrightsareprotected.,Difficultsentences,5.Theytookgreatcaretorespectthedignityofthecattleintheircare.Buttheyrantheriskofbeingaccusedofacrimesimplybydoingtheirjob.(Line1,Para7),Thefarmersagreedtheyshouldtreattheiranimalswellandensuretheywerewell-caredfor.Buttheyfeltthelawwasgoingtoofarandthatsoonerorlatersomeonewouldclaimkeepinganimalsonafarmwasitselfagainsttheirrights.,Difficultsentences,6.Althoughwemayallowanimalscertainrights,wecannotexpectthemtofulfilanyobligationstowardsus.(Line2,Para9),Itisaphilosophicalorlegalprinciplethatarightalsocreatesaduty.Peoplewhoargueagainsttheconceptofanimalrightspointoutthatanimalscannotbeexpectedtodotheirduty.Theywillactaccordingtoinstinct.Ifthereforeanimalsdonothaveduties,theycannotbesaidtohaverights.,Difficultsentences,7.Attheveryleast,thedebatedemonstratesamoremoderateconcernaboutthegeneralwelfareofanimalsinacivilizedworld.(Line4,Para10),Thewriterexpressestheopinionthatwhetherornotonethinksanimalsshouldreceivelegalrepresentation,itisagoodthingthatsuchmattersarediscussed.Inacivilizedsocietythewayinwhichanimalsaretreatedmustbeofconcern.,Difficultsentences,8.TheZurichstatelawyerlosthiscaseincourt,andonthisrareoccasion,thefishermanwastheonethatgotaway.(Line2,Para11),Thewriterclosesthepassagebyreturningtothestoryaboutthefishermanandthelawyerwhotookhimtocourtforcruelty.Thecourtdidnotagreeandthefishermansufferednopenalty.Thewriterplayswiththeidiom“theonethatgotaway”.However,thistimeitisnotafishthatescapes,butthefishermanwhoisfoundinnocentbythecourt.,imagine,释义,vt.toformapictureofsomethingorsomeoneinyourmind想象，设想（画面）,例句,ImaginemysurprisewhentheyannouncedIhadwon!,想象一下他们宣布我获胜的时候我有多吃惊吧！,翻译,Words,例句,Icanjustimaginewhattheplaceisgoingtolooklikeinafewyearstime.,我能想像出这个地方几年之后会变成什么样子。,翻译,Canyouimagineicethatdoesnotmeltandisnotwet?(Jun.1995,CET-4,Listeningcomprehension),真题,cast,释义,vt.tothrowafishinglineornetintothewater抛(鱼钩)；撒（网）,例句,Iwascastingmylinefromtheshorewhenitgottangledwithhers.,我从岸上抛渔线，却与她的缠在一起了。,翻译,Words,例句,Practiceisneededtocastyourfishinglinesmoothly.,你需要多训练才能把钓线平稳地抛出去。,翻译,substantial,释义,a.largeinamountordegree数目大的;可观的,例句,Asubstantialnumberofhousesweredamagedbythefloods.,大量房屋被洪水冲毁了。,翻译,Words,例句,HemadesubstantialprogressinwritingEnglish.,他在英文写作方面进步显著。,翻译,释义,例句,Iwishshewouldstopboastingaboutherexamresults.,我真希望她别再吹嘘自己的考试成绩了。,翻译,Words,v.totalktooproudlyaboutyourabilities,achievements,orpossessions夸耀；吹嘘,boast,例句,Sheoftenboaststhatherfatheristhepresidentofthecompany.,她经常夸耀说她父亲是这家公司的总裁。,翻译,land,释义,vt.tocatchafishandpullitoutofthewater捕（鱼）,例句,YoumeanRichlandedan18-poundfishbyhimself?,你是说里奇自个儿捕到了一条18磅重的大鱼？,翻译,Words,例句,翻译,Helandedafishontheriverbank.,他在河堤上捕到一条鱼。,释义,vt.tospeakoractofficiallyforanotherperson,groupororganization代表（人、团体、机构等）,例句,翻译,Words,例句,Theunionrepresentsover200employees.,翻译,这个工会代表200多名雇员。,Herfeelingsrepresentthoseofthemajority.,她的心情代表了大多数人的心情。,真题,W:AretheseTVsetsthenewestmodels?M:Sure.Theyrepresentthelatesttechnology.Actually,Wesellnothingbutthebest.(Jan.1999,CET-4,Listeningcomprehension),represent,core,释义1,a.mostimportantormostbasic核心的；最重要的；最基本的,例句,Sellinginsuranceisstillourcorebusiness.,保险销售仍是我们的核心业务。,翻译,Words,core,释义2,n.Cthemostimportantorcentralpartofsomething核心,例句,Theseideasformedthecoreofhisphilosophy.,这些思想构成他哲学体系的核心。,翻译,Words,例句,Thecoreoftheproblemwasalackoffunds.,问题的核心是缺乏资金。,翻译,dignity,释义,n.Urespectthatotherpeoplehaveforyouorthatyouhaveforyourself尊严,例句,Weallwanttomaintainourdignityinoldage.,我们都想在老年时期保持尊严。,翻译,Words,例句,Intheprisoncamp,itwashardtoretainsomehumandignity.,在战俘营里很难保留一些人的尊严。,翻译,species,释义,n.C(plspecies)aplantoranimalgroupwhosemembersallhavesimilargeneralfeaturesandareabletoproduceyoungplantsoranimalstogether物种；种,例句,Over120speciesofbirdshavebeenrecordedinthisNationalPark.,这个国家公园已发现120多种鸟类。,翻译,Words,例句,Pandasareanendangeredspecies.,翻译,熊猫是濒危物种。,Thereishardlyanenvironmentonearthtowhichsomespeciesofanimalorotherhasnotadaptedsuccessfully.(Jun.1999,CET-4,VocabularyandStructure),真题,contest,释义1,vt.tosayformallythatyoudisagreewithsomethingorthinkitiswrong辩驳；质疑,例句,Thecompanycontestedtheagencysfindings.,那家公司对该机构的调查结果提出了质疑。,翻译,Words,例句,Hisviewsonevolutionarestronglycontestedbyotherscientists.,他关于进化论的观点受到其他科学家的强烈质疑。,翻译,contest,释义2,vt.tocompeteforajoborforsuccessinacompetition竞争；争夺,例句,翻译,Words,Thetwohostelsbegantocontestsharplywitheachotherlastyear.,这两家宾馆从去年起就开始激烈竞争。,例句,翻译,Theprizewashotlycontested.,对奖品的争夺很激烈。,vote,释义1,v.(infml)tosuggestwhatyouwouldliketodoinaparticularsituation建议；提议,例句,翻译,Words,例句,翻译,Whatdoyouwanttoeat?”“IvoteforMexican.”,“你们想吃什么？”“我建议吃墨西哥菜。”,Ivotewehaveadinnertocelebratetheoccasion.,我建议，我们设宴对这一大事表示庆祝。,vote,释义2,v.toformallyexpressanopinionbychoosingbetweentwoormoreissues,peopleetc投票；表决,例句,翻译,Words,Americanwomenweredeniedtherighttovoteuntil1920aftermanyyearsofhardstruggle.(Jun.1991,CET-4,Vocabularyandstructure),真题,例句,翻译,Unionmembersvotedtoacceptmanagementsoffer.,工会会员表决接受资方的提议。,Ifwecantagree,wellhavetovoteonit.,如果意见不统一，我们就得投票表决。,collective,释义,a.(onlybeforenoun)sharedormadebyeverymemberofagrouporsociety集体的；共同的,例句,翻译,Words,Wehadmadeacollectivedecision.,我们已经作出一个共同的决定。,例句,翻译,Thedecisiontolaunchnuclearweaponsmustbecollective.,发射核武器的决定必须由集体作出。,accuse,释义,vt.tosaythatsomeonehasdonesomethingwrongorcommittedacrime指控；控告；指责,例句,翻译,Words,Theyopenlyaccusedherofdishonesty.,他们公开指责她不诚实。,真题,Sheaccusedthemanofbreakingintoherhouse.(Jun.1992,CET-4,Vocabularyandstructure),例句,翻译,Thecityaccusedthecompanyofpollutingtheriver.,全体市民指控那家公司污染河流。,proposal,释义,n.Caplanorsuggestion,especiallyaformalonethatagrouphastoconsider计划；建议；议案,例句,翻译,Words,Iwelcometheproposaltoreducetaxesforthepoorlypaid.,我欢迎减少低收人士纳税的建议。,Weareallforyourproposalthatthediscussionbeputoff.(Jun.1998,CET-4,Vocabularyandstructure),真题,例句,翻译,Theproposalforanewsportcenterhallhasbeenrejected.,修建新体育馆的提议遭到了否绝。,establishment,释义1,n.C(fml)anyinstitution,organization,orbusiness机构；团体；企业,例句,翻译,Words,镇上小一点的零售商店主要是为游客服务。,Thesmallerretailestablishmentsintownservemainlytourists.,例句,翻译,附近有很多用餐的地方。,Therearemanyeatingestablishmentsnearby.,establishment,释义2,例句,翻译,Words,自从3年前该俱乐部成立以来，会员人数已增加了一倍。,Sincetheestablishmentoftheclubthreeyearsago,membershiphasdoubled.,Expertshavecalledfortheestablishmentofnewhealthguidelines.,例句,翻译,专家们呼吁设立新的健康准则。,n.U(of)theprocessofstartingorcreatingsomethingsuchasanorganization设立；建立,counter,释义,例句,翻译,Words,他违背了他的诺言行事。,Heactedcountertohispromise.,a.opposite相反的；对立的,例句,翻译,Thechildisaskedtobehaveinwayswhichruncountertohisnaturaldesires.,那孩子被要求做违背自己意愿的事。,imply,释义,vt.ifonethingimpliesanotherthing,theotherthingislikelytoexistortobetrue意味着；意指,例句,翻译,Words,沉默意味着赞成。,Silenceimpliesconsent.,Thedoctorsfrownimpliedthatsomethingwaswrong.,例句,翻译,医生紧皱眉头，这意味着出问题了。,obligation,释义,n.C,Uamoralorlegaldutytodosomething义务，责任,例句,翻译,Words,该公司对它的客户负有责任。,Thefirmhasanobligationtoitscustomers.,例句,翻译,我对那个孩子没有任何义务。,Ihavenoobligationtothatchild.,demonstrate,释义,vt.toshowclearlythatsomethingistrueorthatitexists证明；说明,例句,翻译,Words,你能证明地球围绕太阳旋转吗？,Canyoudemonstratethattheearthmovesaroundthesun?,例句,翻译,他们急于向选民证明他们有着务实的政策。,Theyareanxioustodemonstratetothevotersthattheyhavepracticalpolicies.,Youmustbeabletodemonstratethatyoudeservearaise.(Dec.2003,CET-4,Readingcomprehension),真题,moderate,释义1,a.reasonableandavoidingextremeopinionsoractions合理的；不极端的；温和的,例句,翻译,Words,自当选以来她对税收问题的看法变得温和了。,Herviewsontaxeshavemoderatedsinceherelection.,例句,翻译,他观点温和，容易相处。,Hewasaneasygoingmanofverymoderateviews.,moderate,释义2,adj.neitherverygreatnorverysmallinamount,size,strength,ordegree适度的；适中的,Rest,GoodCheerandModerateDietarethethreebestdoctors.,充分休息、心情愉快和适量饮食是三大良医。,Phrases,例句,翻译,Thatstorehasmoderateprices.,那家商店的商品价格适中。,例句,翻译,Amoderateamountofalcoholmayhelpuskeepourmentalabilitiesasweage.(Jun.1996,CET-4,listeningcomprehension),真题,释义1,例句,翻译,罗马人曾希望教化古代欧洲的所有部落。,civilize,Phrases,TheRomanshopedtocivilizeallthetribesofancientEurope.,例句,翻译,他的新理论轰动了整个文明世界。,Hisnewtheoryhascausedasensationthroughoutthecivilizedworld.,civilized文明的；开化的,形容词,释义2,例句,翻译,civilize,vt.tomakesomeonebehaveinamorepoliteandreasonableway教化；教导；使文雅,Phrases,例句,翻译,Letsdiscussthisinacivilizedmanner.,让我们以文雅的方式讨论这个问题吧。,ThoseTVprogram