2020上海杨浦高三英语一模试卷

杨浦区2019学年第一学期高三模拟质量调研英语学科试卷 2019.12. Grammar and Vocabulary Section ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Killer Rabbits Youd never think of rabbits as dreadful, destructive creatures, would you? Rabbits are cute and love-able. However, Australians discovered (21) _ harm these cute creatures can do the hard way. Rabbits were introduced to Australia in 1788 as food animals. By 1827, they were running around large estates, and in 1859, disaster struck. A man released 12 wild rabbits onto his property for hunting and he (22) _ have thought that was harmless fun. But Australia has no predators（捕食者）(23) _ (adapt) to killing rabbits and none of the diseases that kept their populations (24) _ control in Europe. The loose rabbits bred like, well, rabbits, and began to take over the countryside. Within a few decades, there were millions. By 1950, there were 600 million rabbits in Australia. Six hundred million hungry rabbits could do real harm. They caused more damage than any other species introduced to the continent. They ate native plant species (25) _ they disappeared. They competed for food and shelter with native animals. they caused the extinction or endangerment of numerous plant and animal species. And they were a nightmare for cattle and sheep farmers, (26)_ animals couldnt get enough grass to eat and starved.The rabbits did some good, of course. They provided food for poor families. They supported fur industries. But their impact on the environment and major livestock economy was too negative (27)_(ignore). People tried trapping them. They even built a huge wall against them. But (28)_(effective) weapon was a virus.(29)_(test) multiple times, the deadly myxoma virus was released on Australias rabbits in 1950. The virus had been developed very carefully to affect only rabbits. Nearly 100 percent of the rabbits who caught the disease (30) _(die).Populations fell. It was a huge success. Cattle and sheep farming recovered gradually, and threatened plants were better protected. Eventually, rabbits became resistant to the virus.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. string B. contained C. representing D. detailing E. scientific F. currents G. recovered H. encountered I. estimated J. instructions K. decoration Bottle Found at Sea Used for Scientific PurposeCombing the beach for shells, sea glass, or colorful rocks is a leisure activity enjoyed by many. Some even use metal detectors to find buried treasure or other objects. Only the lucky few have _31_ a message in a bottle that was dropped off by the tide. The tradition of putting a letter to an unknown recipient into a bottle and throwing it into the ocean has an interesting past. An early _32_ use for the practice was revealed when the oldest recorded message in a bottle was found by Tonya on a beach near Wedge Island, Australia.Tonya was on a family outing when she noticed the antique glass bottle in the sand and thought it would make a nice_33_. While she was cleaning the sandy gin bottle, a rolled up paper tied with a _34_ fell out. The damp page was a message written in German and dated June 12, 1886. According to official documents from the German sailing vessels, Paula, a crew member tossed the bottle overboard a(n) _35_ 950 km off the coast of Western Australia. Further research authenticated(验证）the letter, which had been sent afloat 132 years ago and is the oldest message in a bottle ever _36_.Historians confirm that thousands of similar bottles were cast overboard by German ships between 1864 and 1933. And_37_ inside were official documents written by the captain of the ship, _38_ routes, coordinates, and other information. These early messages in a bottle were an attempt by the German Naval Observatory to map ocean_39_ around the world.On the back of the notes were _40_ to write the time and place the bottles were found and return them to the German Naval Observatory in Hamburg or the nearest German authorities. Using this information for reference was an early system of studying patterns in nature and the vast ocean in particular.III.Reading Comprehension Section ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.A star athlete stopped by my office and she was eaten up by self-criticism after committing a few errors during a weekend match. “Im at peak _41_ and I practise hard. How is this happening?” This student, like many I teach, believes she should be able to _42_ the outcomes of her life by virtue of her hard work.I study and write about resilience (复原力), and Im noticing a(n)_43_ increase in students like this athlete. When they win, they feel powerful and smart. When they fall short of what they imagine they should _44_, however, they are crushed by self-blame.We talk often about young adults struggling with failure because their parents have protected them from _45_. But there is something else at play among the most advantaged in particular: a _46_ promise that they can achieve anything if they are willing to work for it.Psychologists have sourced this phenomenon to a misapplication of “mind-set” research, which has found that praising children for _47_ will increase academic performance. Developed by Stanford psychologist Carol Dweck, mind-set education has spread across classrooms worldwide. But a 2018 analysis found that while praising hard work over ability may benefit economically disadvantaged students, it does not _48_ help everyone.One possible explanation comes from Nina Kumar, who argued in a research paper last year that for teens in wealthy, pressure-cooker communities, “It is not a _49_ of motivation and perseverance that is the big problem. _50_, it is unhealthy perfectionism and difficulty with backing off when they should, when the fierce drive for achievements is over the top.” This can _51_ physical and emotional stress. In a 2007 study, psychologists Gregory Miller determined that adolescent girls who refused to give up the _52_ goals showed elevated levels of CRP, a protein that serves as a marker of systemic inflammation (炎症) linked to diabetes, heart disease and other medical conditions.The cruel reality is that you can do everything in your power and still fail. This knowledge comes early to underrepresented minorities whose experience of discrimination (歧视) and inequality teaches them to _53_ what is, for now, largely beyond their control to change. Yet for others, the belief that success is always within their grasp is a setup. Instead of allowing our kids to beat themselves up when things dont go their way，we should all question a culture that has taught them that how they perform for others is more important than what _54_ inspires them and that where they go to college matters more than the kind of person they are. We should be wise to remind our kids that life has a way of disappointing us when we least _55_ it. Its often the people who learn to say “stuff happens” who get up the fastest. 41. A. coolness B. fitness C. goodness D. readiness 42. A. control B. change C. adjust D. celebrate 43. A. amusing B. inspiring C. troubling D. touching 44. A. apply B. approve C. appreciate D. accomplish 45. A. disbelief B. disagreement C. discovery D. discomfort 46. A. bright B. false C. general D. flexible47. A. virtue B. ability C. effort D. status 48. A. originally B. obviously C. necessarily D. regularly 49. A. choice B. command C. display D. lack 50. A. instead B. Otherwise C. Therefore D. However51. A. result from B. apply for C. associate with D. lead to 52. A. Immoral B. impersonal C. impossible D. impolite 53. A. challengeB. acceptC. assessD.inquire54. A. plainlyB. probablyC. immediatelyD.actually55. A. exhibitB. expectC. establishD.recognizeSection B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)David Miles, an Australian inventor has been accused of cheating desperate farmers by charging up to $50,000 Australian dollars for delivering rain on demand without so much as explaining the technology behind his business.On the official Miles Research website，Miles explains that in the 1990s he realized that it was possible to influence weather patterns by creating a bridge between the present and a near-future event in the physical space-time continuum. He found that by applying small amounts of energy intelligently, even a large, messy weather system approaching from the future could be eased.While somewhat fascinating, Miles explanation does little to explain how he is able to bring rainfall to the lands of farmers. He makes references to famous but debatable concepts like “the butterfly effect”. “We were advised against patenting because ifs basically exposing how it works. There are a lot of big companies that invest in hunting out patents,” Miles said “I understand the doubts，the only other way is to fully prove up our science and physics. If we did that, well lose it, it will be taken up as a national security interest and itll then be weaponized.”Miles claims raised suspicions for obvious reasons, including a since-deleted section of his company website, which claimed that his technology used “electromagnetic scalar waves”，which scientists say dont even exist.The Australian Competition and Consumer Commission (ACCC) has warned people against doing business with him, but the Australian inventor claims the ACCC is only trying to defame him and his company, as in reality they are success based - if it doesnt rain, they dont get paid.“Consumers signed the agreement that if by the end of June they receive 100mm, they pay $50,000, if they only receive 50mm, they would only pay $25,000. Anything under half，we dont want to be paid,” Miles said of a handful of Wimmera farmers who agreed to take him up on his offer to deliver rain.Believe it or not, one of the farmers who paid David Miles for his so-called rain-making capabilities told ABC Radio that he was quite happy with the results.56.David Miles claims to be capable of _. A.influencing the weather systemB.predicting the future eventsC.reducing the atmospheric temperatureD.easing the gravitational energy57.ACCC issued warning against doing business with Miles because_.A.he charged too much for the services provided B.there was no solid science to hack up his technologyC.his practice was a threat to national security interestD.he didnt officially patent his technology with ACCC58.According to Miles，how much will be paid if the farmers receive 15mm of rain?A.$50,000. B. $25,000. C. $12,500. D. $0.59.What can be inferred from the passage?A.Miles needed safer facilities for his business.B.Miles brought about good crops as expected.C.Miles wasnt discouraged by the critics.D.Miles was arrested by the local police.(B)Call now to speak to a friendly representative(888) 551-3466For Curved & Straight Stairs | 7-Day Money Back Guarantee | Rentals AvailableAt Stannah, we are committed to providing our customers with the safest, more reliable stair-lifts and the most generous assurance among stairlift provider, for value that cant be beaten. Let us create a custom stair-lift solution for your needs. Call to find a local showroom!Our customers love us! Trust-score 9.5 out of 10 398 reviews on Trustpilot Stannah stair-lifts arc available for indoor and outdoor straight or indoor curved stairs. The Stannah slime-line rail sits close to your wall and attaches to our stairs for seamless installation. 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Our professional technicians will work diligently to provide you with a safe lift you can rely on We offer rapid response scheduling and installation at no additional charge!60.To have a Stannah stairlift installed, one needs to _.A.remodel ones living roomB. schedule an in-home assessmentC. ensure constant power supplyD. order a special stairway61.Jenny may use the Coupon（优惠券）to save some money only if she_. A.rents the model advertised on Boston GlobeB.pays for the Stannah model which is on saleC.purchases one brand new Stannah stairliftD.publishes post-sale reviews on Trust-pilot60.Which statement is TRUE about Stannah stair-lift mentioned in the advertisement?A.It promises to regularly check on the old people who live independently.B.It can be installed easily by following instructions in the brochure.C.It provides fast and free repair services by professional technicians.D.It offers an alternative to old people who dont want to be relocated.(C)How and why, roughly 2 million years ago, early human ancestors evolved large brains and began fashioning relatively advanced stone tools, is one of the great mysteries of evolution. Some researchers argue these changes were brought about by the invention of cooking. They point out that our bite weakened around the same time as our larger brains evolved, and that it takes less energy to absorb nutrients from cooked food. As a result, once they had mastered the art, early chefs could invest less in their digestive systems and thus invest the resulting energy savings in building larger brains capable of complex thought. There is, however, a problem with the cooking theory. Most archaeologists (考古学家）believe the evidence of controlled fire stretches back no more than 790,000 years.Roger Summons of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology has a solution. Together with his team, he analyzed 1.7 million-year-old sand-stones that formed in an ancient river at Olduvai Gorge in Tanzania. The region is famous for the large number of human fossils (化石) that have been discovered there, alongside an impressive assembly of stone tools. The sand-stones themselves have previously yielded some of the worlds earliest complex hand axes large tear-drop-shaped stone tools that are associated with Homo erectus (直立人) . Creating an axe by repeatedly knocking thin pieces off a raw stone in order to create two sharp cutting edges requires a significant amount of planning. Their appearance is therefore thought to mark an important moment in intellectual evolution. Trapped inside the Olduvai sand-stones, the researchers found distinctive but unusual biological molecules（分子）that are often interpreted as biomarkers for heat-tolerant bacteria. Some of these live in water between 85C and 95C. The molecules presence suggests that an ancient river within the Gorge was once fed by one or more hot springs.Dr. Summons and his colleagues say the hot springs would have provided a convenient “pre-fire” means of cooking food. In New Zealand，the Maori have traditionally cooked food in hot springs, either by lowering it into the boiling water or by digging a hole in the hot earth. Similar methods exist in Japan and Iceland, so it is plausible, if difficult to prove, that early humans might have used hot springs to cook meat and roots. Richard Wrangham, wh