高考英语独立主格结构

独立主格结构,独立主格结构是一个独立主格的名词或代词（作为逻辑主语）加上一个分词、形容词、副词、不定式或介词短语，其作用相当于状语从句，多用来表示行为方式或者伴随情况，有时也用来表示时间、原因和条件。这种结构多用于书面语中。,1表示时间：Springcomingon,thetreesturnedgreen.Ourworkhavingbeenfinished,wewenthome.Thesignalgiven,thebusstarted.Themeeting(being)over,welefttheroom.,2表示原因：ItbeingSunday,thelibrarywasclosed.Theweatherbeingfine,wewentforawalk.Therebeingnobuses,wehadtowalkhome.Thekeyhavingbeenlost,shecouldnotentertheroom.3表示条件：Timepermitting,wellvisittheSummerPalace.Weatherpermitting,theywillstartatsixtomorrowmorning.,4表示伴随情况或补充说明：LastnightIfollowedhimhere,andclimbedin,swordinhand.Thechildrenweremakingasnowman,handsredwiththecold.Ihaveboughtanewcoat,theoldonebeingwornout.,独立主格结构的形式：名词或代词+分词（doingdone)1).Weatherpermitting,wellgosightseeing.2).Allthingsconsidered,herpaperisofgreatervaluethanyours.3).Helayonhisback,histeethset,hisrighthandclenchedonhisbreastandhisglaringeyeslookingstraightupward.名词或代词+不定式Theexamtobeheldtomorrow,Icouldntgotothecinematonight.不定式在独立主格结构中多表示将来的行为，表示“企图”“约定”等，指的是按计划安排要做的事。,名词或代词+形容词副词1).Heenteredtheroom,hisnose(being)redwithcold.2).Ourlessons(being)over,wewenttoplayfootball.3).ItbeingSunday,Ididntgotoschool.名词或代词+介词短语1).Thechildrencamerunningtowardsus,(with)flowersintheirhands.2).LastnightIfollowedhimhere,andclimbedin,swordinhand.名词或代词+名词Hefounttherobber,astickhisonlyweapon.表示存在时，也可以构成独立主格结构1).Therebeingnobuses,theywalkedtothetheatre.2).Therebeingnocauseforfear,hereturnedtohishometown.,1with+名词（或代词）+现在分词Hefellasleepwiththelampburning.Withwintercomingon,itstimetobuywarmclothes.2with+名词（或代词）+过去分词Alltheafternoonheworkedwiththedoorlocked.Withtheworkfinished,allofuswentoutforawalk.,介词+复合宾语（介词+宾语+宾补）with(withoutlike)复合结构,3with+名词（或代词）+动词不定式Icantgooutwithallthesedishestowash.Withsomanybookstoread,Icouldntgooutwithyou,4with+名词（或代词）+介词短语Hewalkedalongwithhishatonthebackofhishead.Hesimplystaredatherwiththatpeculiarexpressiononhisface.,5with+名词（或代词）+形容词Themanwassleepingwiththewindowopen.Themotherdoesntallowherchildtotalkwithhismouthfull.6with+名词（或代词）+副词WithJohnaway,wevegotmoreroom.,Thestudentlistenedtohisteacherwithhisheaddown.Withtheteacherthere,hecantwrite.withoutlike+复合宾语Withoutawordmorespoken,helefttheroom.Theoldpinetreestillstoodtherelikeanumbrellacoveringtheentrance.,二、功能：,1作状语表示伴随情况、原因、条件、时间或补充说明：Thedayisbright,withafreshbreezeblowing.Withthreepeopleawayill,wellhavetoclosetheofficethisafternoon.Whatalonelyworlditwouldbewithyouaway.2作定语（with相当于having,该结构可改成带有have的定语从句）Thenewbuildingwithitswindowsfacingsouthiso