全新版大学英语(第二版)听说教程4答案unit3

UNIT3Memory,PartA_1_a,LanguageFocus,QuestionsforDiscussion,Whatismemory?Howdoesitwork?Whatisyourearliestmemory?Howgoodisyourmemory?Areyougoodatrememberingdates,telephonenumbers,peoplesnames,factsforexams,booksorjokesyouvereadandfilmsyouveseen?HowimportantisagoodmemoryinlearningEnglish?,Pre-listeningTask,PartA_1_b,Whatmakesusremembercertainthingsbutforgetothers?Whatmethodsdoyouusetoremindyourselfofpastevents?Whatdolong-termmemoryandshort-termmemorymean?Howcanweimproveourmemory?,LanguageFocus,Pre-listeningTask,PartA_1_demo_a,LanguageFocus,Pre-listeningTask,PartA_1_demo_a,LanguageFocus,Pre-listeningTask,PartA_2,Pre-listeningTask,LanguageFocus,Herearesomesentencesandstructuresthatyoumightfindusefulindiscussingtheabovequestions.,Memorycanbedefinedasthecapacitytokeepinformationavailableforlateruse/theprocessbywhichpeoplestoreandretrieveinformation.Ivegotaphotographicmemory/haveamemorylikeasieve/haveabadmemoryfordates,names,telephonenumbers,etc.Itsuddenlyescapedmymind./Itsonthetipofmytongue./Ijustcantplaceit.,PartA_2,LanguageFocus,IfIremembercorrectly,Ithinkwevemetbefore.Herecitedthepoemfrommemory.Tolearnaforeignlanguagewell,agoodmemoryisamust/anadvantage.Everyonehasalong-termmemoryandashort-termmemory.Ashort-termmemoryistemporary,asitisstoredforaveryshorttimeinthebrain.,Pre-listeningTask,PartA_2,LanguageFocus,Short-termmemoryissometimescalledworkingmemory,whichisamoregeneraltermforstorageoftemporaryinformation.Agoodmemoryissomethingyouwerebornwith/isbuiltupbyfrequentuse.Peoplesmemoryfailsgraduallyastheygetolder.Memoryislikeamusclethemoreitisused,thebetteritgets.Themoreitisneglected,theworseitgets.,Pre-listeningTask,PartA_2,LanguageFocus,Whetheryoucanrememberthingswellornotdependsonthewayyoutrytorememberthem/howoftenyourecallthem.Donttrytomemorizeallthefacts,butfocusyourattentiononwhatyouconsidermoreimportant.Therearemanythingsyoucandotohelpyourecallpastevents,suchaskeepingadiary,buyingpostcards,takingphotosandmakingvideofilms.Tostimulateyourmemory,trytouseyourmemorytotheutmost.,Pre-listeningTask,PartA_2,LanguageFocus,Learningnewskillscouldstimulateyourbrain/sharpenyourmemory.Itisimpossibletoconcentrateifyouaretenseornervous.Trytorelaxandyoullrememberthings.Associatingfactswithimages/Visualizingimages/Seeingfigureswiththe“mindseye”isaveryefficientwaytomemorizealargequantityofinformation.Tohaveagoodmemory,wemustallowthebraintohaveenoughsleepandrest.,Pre-listeningTask,PartB_1_a_1,recallmoveimage,ListeningTasks,tocalltomind回忆起anactoftakingachesspiecefromonesquareandputtingitonanother（棋子的）一步，一着n.amentalpicture脑海中的形象,SpeakingTasks,WordBank,Exercise2,Exercise1,LanguageandCulturalNotes,PartB_1_a_1,adrenalineboost,ahormonedischargedbytheadrenalmedulla(肾上腺髓质)uponstimulationbythecentralnervoussysteminresponsetostressorfear,andactingtoincreaseheartrate,bloodpressure,etc.肾上腺素v.toimprove改善,ListeningTasks,SpeakingTasks,WordBank,Exercise2,Exercise1,LanguageandCulturalNotes,PartB_1_a_1,diverapartfromnowandagain,apersonwhoworksunderwaterusingspecialbreathingequipment潜水员inadditionto;besides除外occasionally;nowandthen时而,ListeningTasks,SpeakingTasks,WordBank,Exercise2,Exercise1,LanguageandCulturalNotes,PartB_1_a_2,Memoryiscriticaltohumans.Almostallofourdailyactivitiestalking,reading,working,socializingdependonourhavinglearnedandstoredinformationaboutourenvironment.Memoryallowsustoretrieveeventseventhoughtheyhappenedinthedistantpastandmakesitpossibleforustolearnnewskillsandtoformhabits.Withoutmemory,lifewouldbecomeaseriesofdisconnectedexperiences.Therearethreemajortypesofmemory:sensorymemory,whichistherecordingofinformationthrough,ListeningTasks,SpeakingTasks,WordBank,Exercise2,Exercise1,LanguageandCulturalNotes,1.Backgroundinformation,PartB_1_a_2,oursensorysystem;short-termmemoryorworkingmemory,whichistemporarystoringofinformation;andlong-termmemory,whichreferstothestoringofinformationforalongerperiodoftime.Forshort-termmemorytobecomepermanent,itrequiresattention,repetitionandassociatedideas.Ifweareattentiveandareactivelyinvolvedinrememberingsomething,andabletorelateittootherideas,ourshort-termmemorywilldevelopintolong-termmemory.,ListeningTasks,SpeakingTasks,WordBank,Exercise2,Exercise1,LanguageandCulturalNotes,PartB_1_a_2,2.somepeopleinjustthesamewayasdifferentcoloreyes.Thefactthatsomepeoplehaveabettermemoryisasnormalasthatsomepeoplearetallerorhavedifferentcoloreyes.Thecolorofhumaneyesvaries.Orientalsusuallyhavebrowneyes,whileEuropeansmayhaveblueorgrayisheyes.Somepeopleevenhavegreenisheyes,liketheheroineScarletOHarainGonewiththeWind.,ListeningTasks,SpeakingTasks,WordBank,Exercise2,Exercise1,LanguageandCulturalNotes,PartB_1_a_2,agamefortwopeople,playedonachessboard.Eachplayerhas16pieces,includingaking.Youraimistomoveyourpiecessothatyouropponentskingcannotavoidbeingtaken.Topchessplayers,suchastheRussianplayerVladimirKramnikwhoplayedagainstthecomputerDeepFritz,areknowntohaveexceptionallygoodmemories.,ListeningTasks,SpeakingTasks,WordBank,Exercise2,Exercise1,LanguageandCulturalNotes,3.chess,PartB_1_b_3,ListeningTasks,1.a.Learningaforeignlanguagedependsonagoodmemory.b.Noneofuscanlivewithoutmemory.c.Ourmemoriesaretrulyamazing.d.Howwellwerememberthingsisaffectedbyvariousfactors.,SpeakingTasks,Listentothepassageandchoosetherightanswerstothequestionsyouhear.,WordBank,Exercise2,Exercise1,LanguageandCulturalNotes,PartB_1_b_3,2.a.Apersonwithapoormemorylivesforeverinthepresent.b.Wewereeitherbornwithagoodmemoryornot.c.Humanbeingshavethepotentialtolearnaforeignlanguage.d.Illiteratepeopleusuallyhaveapoormemory.,ListeningTasks,SpeakingTasks,WordBank,Exercise2,Exercise1,LanguageandCulturalNotes,PartB_1_b_3,3.a.Arevisittotheplacewhereyouhavelearnedsomethingcontributestomemory.b.Failingtounderstandafilmindicatesthebeginningofthelossofmemory.c.Topchessplayerstendtohavebettermemoriesthantherestofus.d.Peoplewhoaregoodatrememberingimagesarepooratrememberingnames.,ListeningTasks,SpeakingTasks,WordBank,Exercise2,Exercise1,LanguageandCulturalNotes,PartB_1_b_3,4.a.Becausetheseeventsinvolvedanger.b.Becausetheseeventsrarelyhappentousandarelikelytostayinourmemorylonger.c.Becausetheseeventsproducechemicalsthathelpusrememberbetter.d.Becausetheseeventsproducechemicalsthatstimulateourimagination.,ListeningTasks,SpeakingTasks,WordBank,Exercise2,Exercise1,LanguageandCulturalNotes,HowOurMemoryWorksFirstly,itisafactthatsomepeoplewerebornwithbettermemories.Secondly,differentthingsarekeptindifferentpartsofthebrain.Ideas,wordsandnumbersarestoredintheleft-handsideandimages,soundsandsmellsintheright-handside.,PartB_1_b_4,Listentothepassageagainandfillinthefollowingblankswiththemissinginformation.,ListeningTasks,SpeakingTasks,WordBank,Exercise1,Exercise2,LanguageandCulturalNotes,PartB_1_b_4,Thirdly,unusualexperiencescanproducechemicalssuchasadrenalineinourbodywhichcanboostmemory.Fourthly,howwellweremembersomethingisalsoaffectedbythecontextinwhichwelearnaboutit.Finally,themoreoftenyourecallamemory,themorelikelyyouaretorememberit.Ifyoudont,youllloseit.,ListeningTasks,SpeakingTasks,WordBank,Exercise1,Exercise2,LanguageandCulturalNotes,PartB_1_a_script,ListeningTasks,SpeakingTasks,WordBank,Exercise1,LanguageandCulturalNotes,Exercise2,PartB_2_a,A.ReflectionsonthetextYouvejustheardapassageabouttheimportanceofmemory.Haveyoueverthoughthowimportantyourmemoryis?Andhaveyouevercomplainedthatyouhaveabadmemory?Exchangeviewswithyourpartner.Youmaymentionthefollowingpointsinyourdiscussion.theimportanceofmemoryfactorsinfluencinghowwellonesmemoryworkswaystoimproveonesmemory,ListeningTasks,SpeakingTasks,PairWork,PartB_2_b1,ASampleItismentionedinthepassagethatexciting,frighteningordramaticeventstendtoleaveasharpimpressiononyourmemory.Whatisthemostunforgettableexperienceinyourlife?Describeittoyourpartner.,ListeningTasks,SpeakingTasks,B.Describinganunforgettableexperience,PartB_2_b1,Describeaneventthatwasexciting,joyful,orprofitable.,ListeningTasks,SpeakingTasks,Nowusetheabovesampleasyourmodelanddescribeanunforgettableeventtoyourpartner.,PartB_2_b1,winningascholarshipbeingawardedthefirstprizeinaspeechcontestbeingelectedchairmanofthestudentunionofyouruniversityyourcollegehavingwonthefirstplaceintheIntercollegiateBasketballChampionship,ListeningTasks,SpeakingTasks,Belowaresomeideasforyourconsiderationandsomewordsandexpressionsthatyoumightfindusefulinyourdescription.,PartB_2_b1,Itsincredible/mostfascinating/exhilarating/sensational/thrilling.Wereallinhighspirits.ontopoftheworldbeneficial/profitableunforgettable/impressiveHowmarvelousitistoImoverjoyedtoIcantcontainmyselfforexcitement.Icantbelieve,ListeningTasks,SpeakingTasks,PartB_1_b_script,ListeningTasks,SpeakingTasks,PartB_1_b_script,ListeningTasks,SpeakingTasks,PartB_1_b_3,1.a.Itisnotalwaystruethattheolderyouget,thelessyouremember.b.Memoryproblemsarenotreallyage-related.c.Aswegetolderourmemorymechanismisbrokend.Memorylossiscausedbylackofactivity.,TestYourListening,Listentothepassageandchoosetherightanswerstothequestionsyouhear.,APassage,PartB_1_b_3,2.a.Paymoreattentiontowhatwedo.b.Givesomemeaningtoeverythingwedo.c.Memorizelistsofitemsandwherewehaveputthem.d.Haveapurposeinwhatwedo.,TestYourListening,PartB_1_b_3,3.a.Sleeplesstokeepthebrainactive.b.Eatmorefoodcontainingglucose.c.Havemoregatheringswithfriends.d.Exercisemore.,TestYourListening,PartB_1_b_script,TestYourListening,PartD_1_a1,MovieTime,TimetoTalk,Movie,ExerciseA,WordBank,ExerciseB,PartD_1_a2,MovieTime,TimetoTalk,Movie,ExerciseA,WordBank,ExerciseB,PartD_1_b1,plummetbasementintwoshakessuperthefiredepartmentlaserTic-Tac,v.垂直落下n.地下层立刻n.管理员消防队v.激光除皱美国一种糖果品牌,MovieTime,TimetoTalk,Movie,ExerciseA,WordBank,ExerciseB,PartD_1_c,1.Whydidthemanmakethecallintheelevator?A.Hehopedsomeonewouldcomeandopenthedoor.B.Hewantedthereceivertocallforhelp.,MovieTime,TimetoTalk,Movie,ExerciseA,WordBank,Choosethebestanswertoeachofthefollowingquestions.,ExerciseB,C.Heaskedthereceivertocometorepairtheelevator.D.Hewantedthereceivertocalltheirfamily.,PartD_1_c,2.Whatisknownaboutthemaninthewhiteshirtandblackvest?A.Hehadalreadybeenmarried.B.Hewasregretfulofgettingmarried.C.Hewasinlovewithsomeone.D.Hewaspreparingforhiswedding.,MovieTime,TimetoTalk,Movie,ExerciseA,WordBank,ExerciseB,PartD_1_c,Ifyouwereinthatelevator,listallthethingsyouwantedtodoafteryouwerereleased.,MovieTime,TimetoTalk,Movie,ExerciseA,WordBank,ExerciseB,PartB_1_b_script,MovieTime,TimetoTalk,Movie,ExerciseA,WordBank,ExerciseB,PartD_1_b1,Lookatthesepicturesanddescribethemonebyone.Ifpos