不同温度下无机盐在水中的溶解度

AQUEOUS SOLUBILITY OF INORGANIC COMPOUNDS AT VARIOUS TEMPERATURES The solubility of over 300 common inorganic compounds in water is tabulated here as a function of temperature. Solubility is defined as the concentration of the compound in a solution that is in equilibrium with a solid phase at the specified temperature. In this table the solid phase is generally the most stable crystalline phase at the temperature in question. An asterisk * on solubility values in adjacent columns indicates that the solid phase changes between those two temperatures (usually from one hydrated phase to another or from a hydrate to the anhydrous solid). In such cases the slope of the solubility vs. temperature curve may show a dis- continuity. All solubility values are expressed as mass percent of solute, 100w2, where w2 = m2/(m1 + m2) and m2 is the mass of solute and m1 the mass of water. This quan- tity is related to other common measures of solubility as follows: Molarity: c2 = 1000 w2/M2 Molality: m2 = 1000w2/M2(1-w2) Mole fraction: x2 = (w2/M2)/(w2/M2) + (1-w2)/M1 Mass of solute per 100 g of H2O: r2 = 100w2/(1-w2) Here M2 is the molar mass of the solute and M1 = 18.015 g/mol is the molar mass of water. is the density of the solution in g cm-3. The data in the table have been derived from the references in- dicated; in many cases the data have been refitted or interpolated in order to present solubility at rounded values of temperature. Where available, values were taken from the IUPAC Solubility Data Series (Reference 1) or the related papers in the Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data (References 2 to 5), which present carefully evaluated data. The solubility of sparingly soluble compounds that do not ap- pear in this table may be calculated from the data in the table “Solubility Product Constants”. Solubility of inorganic gases may be found in the table “Solubility of Selected Gases in Water”. Compounds are listed alphabetically by chemical formula in the most commonly used form (e.g., NaCl, NH4NO3, etc.). References 1. Solubility Data Series, International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. Volumes 1 to 53 were published by Pergamon Press, Oxford, from 1979 to 1994; subsequent volumes were published by Oxford University Press, Oxford. The number following the colon is the volume number in the series. 2. Clever, H. L., and Johnston, F. J., J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 9, 751, 1980. 3. Marcus, Y., J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 9, 1307, 1980. 4. Clever, H. L., Johnson, S. A., and Derrick, M. E., J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 14, 631, 1985. 5. Clever, H. L., Johnson, S. A., and Derrick, M. E., J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 21, 941, 1992. 6. Shnel, O., and Novotny, P., Densities of Aqueous Solutions of Inorganic Substances, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1985. 7. Krumgalz, B.S., Mineral Solubility in Water at Various Temperatures, Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research Ltd., Haifa, 1994. 8. Potter, R. W., and Clynne, M. A., J. Research U.S. Geological Survey, 6, 701, 1978; Clynne, M. A., and Potter, R. W., J. Chem. Eng. Data, 24, 338, 1979. 9. Marshal, W. L., and Slusher, R., J. Phys. Chem., 70, 4015, 1966; Knacke, O., and Gans, W., Zeit. Phys. Chem., NF, 104, 41, 1977. 10. Stephen, H., and Stephen, T., Solubilities of Inorganic and Organic Compounds, Vol. 1, Macmillan, New York, 1963. Compound0C10C20C25C30C40C50C60C70C80C90C100CRef. AgBrO30.1931.327 AgClO20.170.310.470.550.640.821.021.221.441.661.882.117 AgClO3157 AgClO481.683.084.284.885.386.386.987.587.988.388.688.86 AgNO20.1550.4137 AgNO355.962.367.870.172.376.179.281.783.885.486.787.86 Ag2SO40.560.670.780.830.880.971.051.131.201.261.321.397 AlCl330.8430.9131.0331.1031.1831.3731.6031.8732.1732.5132.9033.327 Al(ClO4)354.964.47 AlF30.250.340.440.500.560.680.810.961.111.281.451.647 Al(NO3)337.038.239.940.842.044.547.350.453.8*61.5*6 Al2(SO4)327.527.828.229.230.732.634.937.640.744.27 As2O31.191.481.802.012.272.863.434.114.895.776.727.7110 BaBr247.648.549.550.050.451.452.553.554.555.556.657.66 Ba(BrO3)20.2850.4420.6560.7880.9351.301.742.272.903.614.405.251:14 Ba(C2H3O2)237.044.27 BaCl223.3024.8826.3327.0327.7029.0030.2731.5332.8134.1435.5437.058 Ba(ClO2)230.531.344.77 Ba(ClO3)216.9021.2323.6627.5029.4333.1636.6940.0543.0445.9048.7051.171:14 Ba(ClO4)267.3070.9674.3075.7577.0579.2380.9282.2183.1683.8884.4384.907 BaF20.1580.1617 BaI262.564.767.368.869.169.570.170.771.372.072.773.46 8-112 Section 8.indb 1124/30/05 8:47:37 AM Compound0C10C20C25C30C40C50C60C70C80C90C100CRef. Ba(IO3)20.01820.02620.03420.03960.045*0.058*0.0730.0900.1090.1310.1560.1821:14 Ba(NO2)231.136.641.844.346.851.656.260.564.668.572.175.610 Ba(NO3)24.76.38.29.310.212.414.717.019.321.523.525.56 Ba(OH)21.674.688.4193352741007 BaS2.794.786.978.219.5812.6716.1820.0524.1928.5533.0437.617 Ba(SCN)262.67 BaSO30.00111:26 BeCl240.541.77 Be(ClO4)259.57 BeSO426.6927.5828.6129.2229.9031.5133.3935.5037.7840.2142.7245.287 CaBr2555659616368717310 CaCl236.7039.1942.1344.83*49.12*52.85*56.05*56.7357.4458.2159.0459.948 Ca(ClO3)263.264.265.566.367.269.071.073.275.5*77.4*77.778.01:14 Ca(ClO4)265.37 CaF20.00130.001610 CaI264.666.067.668.369.070.872.474.076.078.079.681.07 Ca(IO3)20.0820.1550.2430.3050.384*0.517*0.5900.6520.811*0.665*0.6681:14 Ca(NO2)238.639.544.548.67 Ca(NO3)250.153.156.759.060.965.477.878.178.278.378.478.56 CaSO30.00590.00540.00490.00410.00350.00300.00260.00230.00200.00191:26 CaSO40.1740.1910.2020.2050.2080.2100.2070.2010.1930.1840.1730.1639 CdBr236.043.049.953.456.460.3*60.3*60.560.760.961.361.66 CdC2O40.00605 CdCl247.250.153.254.656.3*57.3*57.557.858.158.5158.9859.56 Cd(ClO4)258.766.97 CdF25.824.654.183.765 CdI244.144.945.846.346.847.949.050.251.552.754.155.46 Cd(IO3)20.0915 Cd(NO3)255.457.159.661.062.866.570.686.186.586.887.187.46 CdSO443.143.143.243.443.644.143.542.541.440.238.536.76 CdSeO442.0440.5939.0238.1837.2935.3533.1530.6527.8424.6921.2417.495 Ce(NO3)357.9959.8061.8963.0564.31*67.0*68.671.1*74.9*79.280.983.11:13 CoCl230.3032.6034.8735.9937.1039.2741.3843.4645.5047.5149.5151.507 Co(ClO4)250.053.07 CoF21.47 CoI258.0061.7865.3566.9968.5171.1773.4175.2976.8978.2879.5280.707 Co(NO2)20.0760.497 Co(NO3)245.547.049.450.852.456.060.162.664.967.76 CoSO419.923.026.127.729.232.334.435.935.533.230.627.86 Co(SCN)250.77 CrO362.262.362.662.863.063.564.164.765.566.267.167.96 CsBr55.27 CsBrO31.161.933.013.694.466.328.6011.3214.4517.9621.8325.981:30 CsCl61.8363.4864.9665.6466.2967.5068.6069.6170.5471.4072.2172.961:47 CsClO32.403.875.947.228.6912.1516.3321.1426.4532.1037.8943.421:30 CsClO40.791.011.511.962.574.286.559.2912.4115.8019.3923.077 CsI30.937.243.245.948.653.357.360.763.665.967.769.26 CsIO31.081.582.212.593.023.965.066.297.709.2010.7912.451:30 CsNO38.4613.018.621.825.132.039.045.751.957.362.166.26 CsOH757 Cs2SO462.663.464.164.564.865.566.166.767.367.868.368.86 CuBr255.87 CuCl240.841.742.643.143.744.846.047.248.549.951.352.76 Cu(ClO4)254.359.37 CuF20.0757 Cu(NO3)245.249.856.359.261.162.063.164.565.967.569.271.06 CuSO412.414.416.718.019.322.225.428.832.436.340.343.56 CuSeO410.616.07 Dy(NO3)358.7959.9961.4962.3563.2965.4368.0471.581:13 Er(NO3)361.5863.1564.8465.7566.6968.7070.9673.6477.751:13 Eu(NO3)355.256.758.559.460.462.564.61:13 Aqueous Solubility of Inorganic Compounds at Various Temperatures 8-113 Section 8.indb 1134/30/05 8:47:38 AM Compound0C10C20C25C30C40C50C60C70C80C90C100CRef. FeBr254.664.8*7 FeCl233.2*39.4*48.7*7 FeCl342.744.947.947.751.674.876.784.684.384.384.484.76 Fe(ClO4)263.3967.767 FeF35.597 Fe(NO3)340.1546.577 Fe(NO3)241.4446.677 FeSO413.517.020.822.824.828.832.835.533.630.427.124.06 Gd(NO3)356.357.759.260.161.062.965.267.971.51:13 HIO373.4574.1074.9875.4876.0377.2078.4679.7881.1382.4883.8285.141:30 H3BO32.613.574.775.486.278.1010.312.915.919.323.127.36 HgBr20.260.370.520.610.720.961.261.632.082.613.233.954 Hg(CN)26.577.839.3310.211.113.115.518.221.224.628.332.36 HgCl24.245.056.176.817.629.5312.0215.1819.1624.0629.9036.624 HgI20.00410.00550.00720.01220.01994 Hg(SCN)20.0704 Hg2Cl20.00043 Hg2(ClO4)273.879.8*85.3*7 Hg2SO40.0380.0430.0480.0510.0540.0590.0650.0700.0760.0820.0880.0934 Ho(NO3)363.81:13 KBF40.280.340.450.550.751.382.092.823.584.345.125.9010 KBr35.037.339.440.441.443.244.846.247.648.849.850.86 KBrO32.974.486.427.558.7911.5714.7118.1421.7925.5729.4233.281:30 KC2H3O268.4070.2972.0972.9273.7075.0876.2777.3178.2279.0479.8080.557 KCl21.7423.6125.3926.2227.0428.5930.0431.4032.6633.8634.9936.051:47 KClO33.034.676.747.939.2112.0615.2618.7822.6526.8831.5336.651:30 KClO40.701.101.672.042.473.544.946.748.9911.7114.9418.676 KF30.9039.847.350.4153.260.07 KHCO318.6221.7324.9226.628.1331.3234.4637.5140.456 KHSO427.129.732.333.635.037.840.543.446.249.0251.8254.66 KH2PO411.7414.9118.2519.9721.7725.2828.9532.7636.7540.9645.4150.121:31 KI56.057.659.059.760.461.662.863.864.865.766.667.46 KIO34.535.967.578.449.3411.0913.2215.2917.4119.5821.7824.031:30 KIO40.160.220.370.510.701.241.962.833.824.896.027.177 KMnO42.744.125.967.068.2811.1114.4218.166 KNO273.774.675.375.776.076.777.478.078.579.179.680.16 KNO312.017.624.227.731.338.645.752.258.063.067.370.86 KOH48.750.853.254.756.157.958.659.560.661.863.164.66 KSCN63.866.469.170.471.674.176.578.981.183.385.387.36 K2CO351.351.752.352.753.154.054.956.057.258.459.661.06 K2CrO437.138.138.939.439.840.541.341.942.643.243.844.36 K2Cr2O74.307.1210.913.115.520.826.331.736.941.545.548.96 K2HAsO448.5*63.6*79.8*7 K2HPO457.059.161.562.764.167.7*72.7*1:31 K2MoO464.766.57 K2SO351.3051.3951.4951.5551.6251.7651.9352.1152.3252.5452.7953.061:26 K2SO47.118.469.9510.711.412.914.215.516.717.718.619.36 K2S2O349.0*62.3*75.7*7 K2S2O522.126.731.133.135.239.042.646.049.152.054.61:26 K2SeO368.4*68.5*68.5*7 K2SeO452.7052.9353.1753.3053.4353.7053.9954.3054.6154.9455.2655.607 K3AsO451.5*55.6*73*7 K3Fe(CN)623.927.631.132.834.337.239.641.743.545.046.147.06 K3PO444.351.47 K4Fe(CN)612.517.322.023.925.629.232.535.538.240.641.443.16 LaCl349.048.548.648.949.350.552.154.056.358.961.76 La(NO3)355.056.958.960.061.163.666.369.9*74.1*1:13 LiBr58.460.162.764.465.967.868.369.069.870.771.772.86 LiBrO361.0362.6264.4465.4466.5168.9071.68*73.24*74.4375.6676.9378.321:30 LiC2H3O223.7626.4929.4231.0232.7236.4840.6545.1549.9354.9160.0465.267 LiCl40.4542.46*45.29*45.8146.2547.3048.4749.7851.2752.9854.98*56.34*1:47 8-114 Aqueous Solubility of Inorganic Compounds at Various Temperatures Section 8.indb 1144/30/05 8:47:40 AM Compound0C10C20C25C30C40C50C60C70C80C90C100CRef. LiClO373.275.6*80.8*82.183.485.9*87.1*88.289.691.393.495.71:30 LiClO430.132.635.537.038.641.945.549.253.257.261.371.46 LiF0.1200.1260.1310.1347 LiH2PO455.87 LiI59.460.561.762.363.064.365.867.368.881.381.782.66 LiIO343.81:30 LiNO24145495153566063666810 LiNO334.837.642.750.557.960.162.264.065.767.268.569.76 LiOH10.810.811.011.111.311.712.212.713.414.215.116.16 LiSCN54.57 Li2CO31.541.431.331.281.241.151.070.990.920.850.780.727 Li2C2O45.877 Li2HPO39.078.407.777.477.186.646.165.715.304.914.534.167 Li2SO426.325.925.625.525.325.024.824.524.324.023.823.66 Li3PO40.0271:31 Lu(NO3)371.11:13 MgBr249.349.850.350.650.951.552.152.853.554.255.055.76 Mg(BrO3)243.045.248.049.451.054.357.961.665.369.0*70.9*71.71:14 Mg(C2H3O2)236.1837.5538.9239.617 MgC2O40.0387 MgCl233.9634.8535.5835.9036.2036.7737.3437.9738.7139.6240.7542.158 Mg(ClO3)253.3554.4056.8158.6660.91*65.46*67.3369.2771.0172.4473.481:14 Mg(ClO4)247.848.749.650.150.551.352.16 MgCrO432.06*35.39*7 MgCr2O758.967.07 MgF20.0137 MgI254.756.158.259.460.863.965.065.065.065.065.165.26 Mg(IO3)23.19*6.70*7.928.529.1110.4511.9913.715.617.619.61:14 Mg(NO2)2477 Mg(NO3)238.439.540.841.642.444.145.947.950.052.270.672.06 MgSO30.320.370.460.520.610.87*0.85*0.760.690.640.620.601:26 MgSO418.221.725.126.328.230.933.435.636.935.934.733.36 MgS2O330.734.17 MgSeO431.4*35.7*47*7 MnBr256.0057.7259.3960.1960.9662.4163.7565.0166.1967.3268.4269.507 MnCl238.740.642.543.644.747.049.454.154.755.255.756.16 MnF20.80*1.01*0.487 Mn(IO3)20.270.347 Mn(NO3)250.561.77 MnSO434.637.338.638.938.937.736.334.632.830.828.826.76 NH4Br37.540.242.743.945.147.349.451.353.054.656.157.47 NH4Cl22.9225.1227.2728.3429.3931.4633.5035.4937.4639.4041.3343.241:47 NH4ClO410.814.117.819.721.725.829.833.637.340.743.846.66 NH4F41.743.244.745.546.347.849.350.952.554.17 NH4HCO310.613.717.619.922.427.934.241.449.358.167.678.07 NH4H2AsO425.229.032.734.536.339.743.146.249.352.255.07 NH4H2PO417.822.026.428.831.236.241.647.253.059.265.772.47 NH4I60.762.163.464.064.665.866.867.868.769.670.471.16 NH4IO33.704.205.647.631:30 NH4NO255.759.064.968.87 NH4NO354.060.165.568.070.374.377.780.883.485.888.290.36 NH4SCN64.481.17 (NH4)2C2O42.313.114.254.945.737.569.7312.215.118.321.825.77 (NH4)2HPO436.438.240.041.042.044.146.248.550.953.355.958.67 (NH4)2S2O565.567.969.870.571.372.372.973.11:26 (NH4)2S2O837.0040.4543.8445.4947.1150.2553.2856.2359.1362.007 (NH4)2SO332.234.937.739.140.643.747.050.654.558.91:26 (NH4)2SO441.342.142.943.343.844.745.646.647.548.549.550.56 (NH4)2SeO349.051.153.454.756.058.962.065.469.17 (NH4)2SeO454.027 (NH4)3PO415.57 Aqueous Solubility of Inorganic Compounds at Various Temperatures 8-115 Section 8.indb 1154/30/05 8:47:42 AM Compound0C10C20C25C30C40C50C60C70C80C90C100CRef. NaBr44.445.947.748.649.651.653.754.154.354.554.754.96 NaBrO320.023.2226.6528.2829.8632.8335.5538.0540.3742.521:30 NaCHO230.837.945.748.750.652.053.555.06 NaC2H3O226.528.831.833.535.539.945.158.359.360.561.762.96 NaCl26.2826.3226.4126.4526.5226.6726.8427.0327.2527.5027.7828.051:47 NaClO22.744.47 NaClO297.0*95.3*7 NaClO344.2746.6749.350.151.253.655.557.058.560.563.367.11:30 NaClO461.964.166.267.268.370.472.574.174.775.476.176.76 NaF3.523.723.893.974.054.204.344.464.574.664.754.826 NaHCO36.487.598.739.329.9111.1312.4013.7015.0216.3717.7319.107 NaHSO422.233.310 NaH2PO436.5441.0746.0048.6851.5457.89*61.7*62.3*65.968.71:31 NaI61.262.463.964.865.767.769.872.074.774.874.975.16 NaIO32.434.407.78*8.65*9.6011.6713.9916.5219.25*21.1*22.924.71:30 NaIO412.627 NaNO241.943.445.145.946.848.750.752.855.057.259.561.86 NaNO342.244.446.647.748.851.053.255.357.559.661.763.86 NaOH30394650535863677174767910 NaSCN52.957.160.262.763.564.265.065.966.967.969.06 Na2B4O71.231.712.503.073.826.029.714.917.119.923.528.06 Na2CO36.4410.817.923.528.732.832.231.731.331.130.930.96 Na2C2O42.622.953.303.483.654.004.364.715.065.415.756.086 Na2CrO422.632.344.646.746.948.951.053.455.355.555.856.16 Na2Cr2O762.163.164.465.266.168.070.172.374.677.079.680.76 Na2HAsO45.6*29.3*67*7 Na2HPO41.664.197.5110.5516.34*35.17*44.64*45.2046.8148.7850.5251.531:31 Na2MoO430.638.839.439.439.840.341.041.742.643.544.545.56 Na2S11.113.215.717.118.622.126.728.130.233.036.441.06 Na2SO312.016.120.923.526.3*27.3*25.924.823.722.822.121.51:26 Na2SO416.1321.9429.22*32.35*31.5530.9030.3930.0229.7929.678 Na2S2O333.136.340.643.345.952.062.365.768.869.470.171.06 Na2S2O538.439.540.040.641.843.044.245.546.848.149.51:26 Na2SeO347.3*45*7 Na2SeO411.736.9*42.1*7 Na2WO441.641.942.342.642.943.644.445.346.247.348.449.56 Na3PO44.287.3010.812.614.116.622.928.432.437.640.443.56 Na4P2O72.233.284.816.627.0010.1014.3820.0727.3136.0332.3730.676 NdCl349.049.349.750.050.451.252.253.354.555.857.158.56 Nd(NO3)355.7657.4959.3760.3861.4363.6966.2769.471:13 NiCl234.736.138.540.341.742.143.245.046.146.246.446.66 Ni(ClO4)251.152.87 NiF22.502.527 NiI255.4057.6859.7860.6961.5062.8063.7364.3864.8065.0965.307 Ni(NO3)244.146.048.449.851.354.658.361.063.165.667.969.06 NiSO421.424.427.428.830.3*32.0*34.135.837.739.942.344.86 Ni(SCN)235.487 NiSeO421.626.2*45.6*7 PbBr20.4490.6200.8410.9661.1181.461.892 PbCl20.660.810.981.071.171.391.641.932.242.602.993.422 Pb(ClO4)281.57 PbF20.06030.06490.06700.06932 PbI20.0410.0520.0670.0760.0860.1120.1440.1870.2430.3152 Pb(IO3)20.00257 Pb(NO3)228.4632.1335.6737.3839.0542.2245.1747.9050.4252.7254.8256.752 PbSO40.00330.00380.00420.00440.00470.00520.00582 PrCl348.048.148.649.049.550.852.354.156.158.36 Pr(NO3)357.5059.2061.1662.2463.40*65.7*67.870.273.41:13 RbBr47.450.152.653.854.957.058.860.662.163.564.865.96 RbBrO30.971.552.362.873.454.876.648.7811.2914.1517.3220.761:30 RbCl43.5845.6547.5348.4249.2750.8652.3453.6754.9256.0857.1658.151:47 8-116 Aqueous Solubility of Inorganic Compounds at Various Temperatures Section 8.indb 1164/30/05 8:47:43 AM Compound0C10C20C25C30C40C50C60C70C80C90C100CRef. RbClO32.103.385.146.227.4510.3513.8517.9322.5327.5732.9638.601:30 RbClO411.5177 RbF757 RbHCO353.77 RbI55.858.661.162.363.465.467.268.870.371.672