语言学概论1完整ppt课件

26.05.2020,.,1,AppliedLinguistics,InstructorFengQiCourseforPostgraduateProgramSchoolofForeignLanguagesShanghaiUniversitySept.12,2010,26.05.2020,.,2,CourseDescription,AimsandObjectivesToenablethestudentstohavefundamentalknowledgeofthenatureandcontentsofappliedlinguisticsToenablethestudentstoconductsomeresearchinthisareawiththeknowledgetheyacquirebytakingthecourseTeachingplans:16hoursoflecturesEvaluation:termpaperNorms:Title+abstract+keywords+body+reference/bibliographyNoplagiarism,26.05.2020,.,3,CourseDescription,AGeneralIntroduction:WhatisAppliedLinguisticsLanguageBehaviourandLanguageLearningSecondLanguageLearningPerformanceAnalysisandDiscourseAnalysisLearnerCharacteristicsRelevanceofSourceDisciplinesHistoricalDevelopmentofFLTLanguagePolicyandSyllabusDesignSelectionofCourseContentsTestingandSummary,26.05.2020,.,4,Whatisappliedlinguistics?,Basicassumptionsandmisconceptions:subordinatetolinguisticsorapplicationoflinguistictheories:BeijingandChina;empireandcolonyequalizelinguistics:盐=氯化纳independentdiscipline:hasnothingtodowithlinguisticsindependentdisciplinebutrelatedtolinguisticsinsomeway,26.05.2020,.,5,Disagreements,HowtogiveAppliedLinguisticsascientificdefinition?Sofarnogeneralagreementonclear-cutboundarywhereAppliedLinguisticscanbestrictlydefined/delimited.anytheoreticalstudyrelatedtotheapplicationoflanguagetheapplicationoftheoriestolanguageteachingandlearning,26.05.2020,.,6,Representatives,1stview:bestrepresentedbyWangDechun(SISU)(ChineseandRussiantradition:fromthepointofviewofalinguist)Lexicography,translation,languageteachingandlearning,languageandmachinetranslation,stylistics.2ndview:bestrepresentedbyGuiShichun(GW)andOxfordseriesofreadingsonAL:consistsofabout20booksandcoversawideareaofdiscussionandawiderangeoftopics(EuropeanandAmericantradition:fromtheperspectiveofappliedlinguisticsitself),26.05.2020,.,7,China:BooksonAL,冯志伟（著）：应用语言学综论广东教育出版社，1999（汉语）于根元（著）：应用语言学概论商务出版社，2004何玉英，蔡金亭（主编）：应用语言学（AppliedLinguistics）上海外语教育出版社，2005（汉语）桂诗春（编著）：应用语言学（AppliedLinguistics）湖南教育出版社，1988（外语专业教师）文秋芳（著）：AppliedLinguistics:ResearchMethodsandThesisWriting应用语言学研究方法与论文写作，外语教学与研究出版社，2001（外语专业教师）,26.05.2020,.,8,International:OxfordSeriesonAL,FundamentalConceptsofLanguageTeachingUnderstandingSecondLanguageAcquisitionTheStudyofSecondLanguageAcquisitionSecondLanguageResearchMethodsConditionsforSecondLanguageLearningAGrammarofSpeechMeasuredWords(ObjectiveLanguageTesting)AspectsofLanguageTeachingACognitiveApproachtoLanguageLearning,10.IssuesandOptionsinLanguageTeaching11.HistoryofEnglishLanguageTeaching12.FunctionalConsiderationsinLanguageTesting13.LanguageTestinginPractice14.LanguageandUnderstanding15.ContextandCultureinLanguageTeaching16.DiscourseandLiterature17.PracticalStylistics(amarriagebetweenlinguisticsandliterature)18.LiteratureandLanguageTeaching19.LanguageCorpus,26.05.2020,.,9,MoreBooks,Corder:IntroducingAppliedLinguisticsElsetal:AppliedLinguisticsandtheTeachingandLearningofForeignLanguagesHallidayetal:(1964)publishedabookunderthetitleof“TheLinguisticSciencesandLanguageTeaching”Theimplicationpassedfromthewritertothereader:AppliedLinguisticsissynonymoustoforeignlanguageteachingConclusion:broadlydefinedandnarrowlydefined:BroaddefinitioncoversareasoutsidelanguageteachingandlearningandnarrowdefinitionstrictlyreferstoLanguageteachingandLearning,especiallyForeignLanguageteachingandlearning,26.05.2020,.,10,ThenwhatisAppliedLinguistics?,Differentdefinitions:differenttreatmentanddifferentphilosophyaboutlanguageHowisittobetreatedinourcourse?Secondperspective,butincloseassociationwiththefirstfortworeasons:BecauseweareEnglishlearnersandtendtofollowtheEuropeanandAmericantraditionBecausethisiswheremyexpertiseliesandhowithasalwaysbeentreatedinourprogram.,26.05.2020,.,11,Amorespecificdefinition,LongmanDictionaryofAppliedLinguistics:LongmanDictionaryofLanguageTeachingandAppliedLinguistics(revisededition):(Richards,PlattandPlatt)thestudyofsecondandforeignlanguagelearningandteaching.(NarrowDefinition)thestudyoflanguageandlinguisticsinrelationtopracticalproblems,suchasLexicography,Translation,SpeechPathology,etc.(cross-culturalcommunication,computationallinguistics)Appliedlinguisticsusesinformationfromsociology,psychology,anthropology,andinformationtheoryaswellasfromlinguisticsinordertodevelopitsowntheoreticalmodelsoflanguageandlanguageuse,andthenusesthisinformationandtheoryinpracticalareassuchassyllabusdesign,speechtherapy,languageplanning,stylistics,etc.(BroadDefinition),26.05.2020,.,12,Anyconfusion?,Appliedmathematics=theapplicationofmathematicsinsolvingmathematicalproblemsAppliedphysics=theapplicationofphysicsinhandlingpracticalproblemsWhyappliedlinguisticstheapplicationoflinguisticsindealingwithlanguageproblems?Duetotheambiguityoftheterm“applied”,B.Spolskyrecommendsthatweshouldusetheterm“educationallinguistics”insteadof“appliedlinguistics”toavoidconfusion.,26.05.2020,.,13,Explanations,Mostpeoplemaintain:nothinginappropriateabouttheterm“appliedlinguistics”.strictlydefineitsothatitwillnotbeinterpretedinitsliteralsense.“Languagelaboratory”hascometobeaccepted.How?notusedinthesenseofordinarylaboratoryfulloftesttubes,chemicalsandsoon,butitsreferencehasmoreorlessbeeninternalizedanddeterminedinourmindassomethingfixed.Thereisnoneedtoconsiderthetermliterallyorwordbyword.conventionalization2)linguisticreasons;3)educationalreasons;4)reasonsofAppliedLinguisticsitself,26.05.2020,.,17,1.PracticalReasons,Whatwasthesituationinthe1940s50s?AfterWW2,therewasaneedforeverynationtohealfromwounds:todeveloppoliticstodevelopeconomicstodevelopindustrytodeveloptourismtodevelopeducationtodevelopsocialsecurityEducationwasconsideredtobethebestpolicytheriseofAudio-lingualApproach;English900,patterndrills.,26.05.2020,.,20,LinguisticReasons(continued),Whatwasthesituationinthe1960s?riseofChomskyandhisTGgrammar:broughtnewlifetolinguistics:consideredasarevolutionandofferedanewperspective/view/approachtoFLT:mentalisticview:tobediscussedinsubsequentlectures,26.05.2020,.,21,EducationalReasons,Theeducationalsituationinthemid1960s:educationalcrisisprevailedwesternworld:strongdemandforreform.Whatwaswrong?toomuchimportanceattachedtoteachers:twoorthreeyearsoftraining,butstillunabletoperformcommunicativetasksmanyresearchprojectsfocusedonvariousfactorsrelatedtolearnersAsimilarsituationfacedbyChinese:akettleofwater,26.05.2020,.,22,ReasonsinALitself,Importantdatestoremember:58dedicatedtothetrainingtoappliedlinguists1964:markedthebeginningofAppliedLinguisticstomaturation:Why?theFirstInternationalConferenceforAppliedLinguisticsheldinFrance.Attheconference,InternationalAssociationforAppliedLinguisticssetup25organizationsbecamemembersregularlyevery3years,26.05.2020,.,23,PropertiesofAppliedLinguistics,FourpropertiesofAL:AppliedLinguisticsasanIndependentScienceAppliedLinguisticsasanInterdisciplinaryScienceAppliedLinguisticsasanAppliedScienceandMOREthananappliedscienceAppliedLinguisticsasanExperimentalScience,26.05.2020,.,24,ALasanIndependentScience,Ithasitsownsubjectofstudy:i.e.languageteachingpopularityin1960sfor4principalreasonsWhatshouldbeincludedinthiscourse?,26.05.2020,.,34,LanguageBehaviourandLanguageLearning,LanguageBehaviourWhatislanguagebehaviour:hierarchicalstructuresoflanguagebehaviourGrammarandlanguagebehav