玉米副产品在奶牛饲养中的应用

DavidAnderson,TexasA&MUniversityC.WilsonGray,UniversityofIdaho,FeedingCornCo-productsinDairyHerds,Overview,OverviewofDDGsCharacteristicsTypesofcornco-productsChallengesinFeedingcornco-productsEconomicsofcornco-productsSummary,ForStarters,ThisIsntNewBrewersandDistillersGrainhavebeenfedforeverCantJustFeeditAloneTherearentmanyfeedsyoucanfeedexclusivelyIfPriceisRightandWellFeedALot,Location,Location,Location,WherestheFeed?WherearetheLivestock?,DistillersGrainBasics,Keypointsonethanolco-products,Whattypesofproductsareavailable?Howmuchproductcanbeusedintheration?Howdifferentarethenutritionalpropertiesofspecificco-products(lowoil,lowprotein,modifiedmoisture,mixtures)?Whichfeedrationcombinationsworkbest?Canthevariationinsomenutrientsbereduced?,Source:DanLoy,ISU,TypesofDDGProcessing,WetMillAccountsforlargestshare&costlyMultipleProducts:highfructosesweetener,cornoil,ethanolcornglutenmeal,cornglutenfeedandothertypesDryGrindGenerallysmallerandlesscostlyTwoProducts:EthanolDistillersGrainandSolubles,WetMilling-CornGlutenFeed,CORN,STEEP,WASHWATER,GRIND,SEPARATION,WETCORNGLUTENFEED,STARCH,SWEETNER,ALCOHOL,GLUTENMEAL,CORNOIL,STEEP,CORNBRAN,DRYCORNGLUTENFEED,SEM,screenings,distsolubles,ProductsofWetCornMilling,Onebushelofcornproduces:ProductPoundsStarch31.5Furtherprocessedinto33#ofsweeteneror2.5gallonsofethanolGlutenfeed13.5Glutenmeal2.5Cornmeal1.6,CornGlutenFeed(CGF),Cornbran+steepCanbewetordryModeratecrudeprotein,CP=16-23%80%ofCPisDIP(ruminallydegradable)Lowfat,moderatefiber,TDN=80101-115%ofenergyvalueofdry-rolledcornProductvariationissignificantwithinandacrossplantsduetoamountofsteepaddedbacktothecornbranOatmeal-typeappearance,DryMilling-DistillersGrains+Solubles,CORN,GRIND,WET,COOK,FERMENTATION,YEAST,ENZYMES,STILL,ALCOHOL&CO2,STILLAGE,DISTILLERSGRAINSWDG,DDG,DISTILLERSSOLUBLES,WDGSDDGS,ProductsofDryCornMilling,Onebushelofcornproduces:Ethanol2.7gallonsDistillersgrains&solubles17-18poundsDGSareonethirdtheweightofthecornandallbutthestarchisconcentratedintothisone-thirdSulfurisconcentratedandmayhavebeenusedinthefermentingprocessMycotoxins,iftheyexistedinthecornarealsoconcentrated3:1,DistillersGrains+Solubles,DistillersGrains(65%)&Solubles(35%)(DMbasis)MaybewetordriedHighercrudeprotein,CP=30%65%UIP(undegraded,“bypass”,protein)Highfat(11%),TDN=70-110Concentratesnutrients3-foldfromcorn0.8%P,0.35-1.0%Sulfur(variable)Mashedpotatoes-typeappearance,NutrientCompositionofSelectedCornMillingCo-Products,StarchRemovalConcentrates-OtherNutrients,Source:DanLoy,ISU,RuminantEnergyValueofDDGS,ProteininDistillersGrains,30%ofDMandmorethanold“bookvalues”SimilarforDDG&DDGSGoodsourceofRuminallyUndegradableProtein(approximately55%RUP)RUPisslightlylessforwetvs.dryDDGProteinqualityFairlygoodqualityLysineisfirstlimitingaminoacid,HowMuchCanbeFedtoDairyCows?,Max.of20%ofrationDM-10-13lb/dofdried-30-40lb/dofwetUsuallynopalatabilityproblemat30%ofDM:MaydecreaseDMI,especiallyifWetCDGMayfeedexcessproteinAt30%ofDMMaynegativelyimpactbutterfatandproteininmilkCalvesUpto20%DMIReplacementHeifersUpto25%DMI,Source:Shurson,UofMN,Challenges,ChallengesofDDGS,StorageandhandlingismorecostlyHighlevelsoffeedingmanagementisrequiredBunkmanagementandmixingNutrientbalancesNutrient(manure)managementismorecostlySomenutrientsareconcentrated(e.g.,P),Source:DanLoy,ISU,ChallengesofDDGS,MustbegoldenbrownDarkbrownisoverheatedandtiesuplysineFlowabilityPelletqualityRequiresanotherbinforstorageAbruptchangesmayputcowsoff-feed,ChallengesofDDGS,Wetvs.DryDistillersGrainsforDairyCowsNutrientcontentofDMisthesameWetDistillersGrainsConsiderationsUsualstorageperiodis5-7daysMayrequirepreservatives(pionicacid)LimitedhaulingdistanceMaymakerationstoowetLimitstotalDMintakeespeciallywhensilagesareused,StoringWetDGS,StoringWetDGSproduct:OftendeliveredintruckloadlotsCanstorewetDGSinbunker,silagebagorinpilecoveredwithplastictoprotectfromairShouldmixwithtub-groundforageandsotredinbunkerorbagNeedtohavethe“mix:right.,Economics:ALittleSupplyandDemand,U.S.DistillersGrainProduction,PotentialDDGUsage,Note:Useb/lbsisusageinbillionpounds,RealisticUse,PotentialUse,DistillersGrainProduction&Use,RatioofCorntoDDGSPricesRatioofDollarsperPound,CentralIllinoisDDGSandTexasTriangleCorn,EconomicimpactofincludingDGS,Source:Garcia&Taylor,SDSU,InteractionsEconomicRealities,HigherFeedCostsByproductsoffersomepricemitigationMarketsRespondThroughPriceFeedercattleandcalfpricesReducedProductionLowermilkproductionpercow,producersexitindustryLivestockIndustryLessCompetitiveWorldmarket,regionallyinU.S.HigherFoodCostsforConsumersTransitionalPeriodisCriticalSupplyrespon