句子结构及分析 英语语法总结

1.SentenceStructure,subjectandpredicate,1.SentenceStructure,Whensentencestructureisdescribed,weusuallyfocusonthestructureofsimplesentences,i.e.theindependentclauses.,1.1.Clauseelements,Theconstructionofthesimplesentenceorclauseorganizedbyagroupofphrasesgoesasfollows:subject+predicate,Subject:,thetopicorthemeofthesentence/tellingofwhatthesentenceisabout/realizedbyanounphraseoranequivalentofnounphrase,Predicate:,sayssomethingaboutthesubjectandbearsthenewinformationwhichthespeakerorwriterwantstotransmittoreceivers;amorecomplicatedconstructionconsistingofaverbphrasewithorwithoutcomplementationVerb(+complementation),1.1.Clauseelements,Compoundsubject：Theboysandthegirlsareplanningadance.Fruitfliesandladybugsareinsects.,1.2CompoundsubjectsandPredicates,Fishandvisitors(smell)threedays.FranklinBenjamin,Americanpresident鱼放三天发臭，客住三天讨嫌。Thegreatestofevilsandtheworstofcrimes（Be）poverty.-GeorgeBernardShaw,Britishdramatist最大的恶和最凶的罪是贫穷。,1.2CompoundsubjectsandPredicates,1.2CompoundsubjectsandPredicates,CompoundPredicateMyfriendlivesinagreenhouseandridesaredbicycle.Iopenedthemagazineandbegantoreaditquietly.,Amancannotspinandreelatthesametime.一心不能二用。Amancannotwhistleanddrinkathesametime.一心不能二用。,1.2CompoundsubjectsandPredicates,1.3DoublePredicates,DoublePredicates:thosetransformedthroughcomplicateddeepstructuresAbirdfelldeadtotheground.Thedoctorsatreadinganewspaperintheshade.Helefthomeamerechildandreturnedquiteadifferentman.=Hewasamerechildwhenhelefthome,andhebecamequiteadifferentmanwhenhereturned.,Thedifferencebetweencompoundpredicateanddoublepredicate.,Abirdfelldeadtotheground.Abirdfelltogroundanddied.Abirddiedandfelltotheground.Abirdfelltothegroundanditwasdead.*Abirdfelldiedtotheground.,Doublepredicate,Compoundpredicate,Compoundpredicate,Compoundsentence,1.3DoublePredicates,1.4Twowaysofclauseanalysis:（1）Subject+PredicateVerb+(complementation):Averb-centeredanalysis,1.4Twowaysofclauseanalysis:（2）Subject+Predicate,2.1Basicclausetypes,Thecombinationofclauseelements(phrases)arewhollyorlargelydeterminedbythemainverbintheclause,thuswehave:,Linkingverborcopular:,SVC主动表联系动词,Intransitive:,Monotransitive:,Ditransitive:,Complextransitive:,SV;SVA,SVO,SVoO,SVOC,2.2Majorclauseelements:aclearerpicture,SVCSubject:Theletterishis.Predicateverb:Theletterishis.Subjectcomplement/predicative:Theletterishis.,Object:KeJingtenghasreadtheletter.(SVO)DirectObject:KeJingtenggaveShenJiayialetter.(SVoO)Indirectobject:KeJingtenggaveheraletter.(SVoO),2.2Majorclauseelements:aclearerpicture,Objectcomplement/predicative:Weelectedhimourpresident.(SVOC)Adverbial:TheyliveinTaiwan.(SVA)KeJingtengtreatedShenJiayihonestly.(SVOA),2.2Majorclauseelements:aclearerpicture,2.3Discussion:identifythefollowingsentencepattern,Theyreoutofbreath.Theyreoutoftown.Sheisyoungandingoodhealth.Randolphispayingforthemeal.Itturnedoutahugesuccess.Weareputtingupatamotel.,SVC,SVC/SVA?,SVC,SVO/SVA?,SVC,SVA,Theylookedonmeastheirrolemodel.Slowlyisexactlyhowhespeaks.Outonthelakewillbesplendid.BecauseSallywantstoleavedoesntmeanthatwehaveto.,SVOC,SVAC,SVC,SVO,2.3Discussion:identifythefollowingsentencepattern,2.4Sentenceinrealtext:verblesssentences,Theaxiom公理:Sentencesshouldbebuiltaroundthemainverb