四级写作讲义

四级作文,考试大纲对写作的要求：详细规定了考试时间、作文长度、题目类型和写作内容:第一部分：写作，共一题，考试时间30分钟。要求学生写出一篇不少于120词的短文。试卷上一般给出题目或规定场景、或给出段首句要求续写、或要求看图作文、或给出关键词，要求写成短文。要求能够正确表达思想、意义连贯、无重大语法错误。写作内容包括日常生活和一般常识。短文写作部分的目的是“测试学生用英语书面表达思想的初步能力”,四级作文,四级作文题型：现象解释型：对比分析型；问题解决型；观点论证型；应用文。,四级作文现象解释型,这类作文多为提纲式作文或图表式作文，说明文体裁。这类命题要求考生对某一社会现象进行解释，并加以评论。这类作文的基本模式是：第一段：解释现象；第二段：解释或阐述这种现象或存在的原因；第三段：提出建议或总结观点。例：2007.12Directions：Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortpassageentitledWhatElectivestoChoose.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingheoutlinegivenbelow:1.各大学为学生开设了多种多样的选修课2.学生出于各种原因选择不同的选修课3.以我自己为例,四级作文现象解释型,范文WhatElectivestoChooseNowadays,thereexistawiderangeofselectivecoursesincollegewhicharereadyfortheundergraduatestochoosefrom.Thesecoursesmakethestudentscollegelifemorecolorful.However,asforthepurposeofchoosingtheselectivecourses,differentstudentshavedifferentopinions.Somestudentschoosemoreselectivecoursesjusttogetmoreknowledge,sothattheycouldbewell-preparedforthefuturejobhunting,andfindasatisfactoryjob.Somestudentsjustwanttoextendtheirinterests.Somestudentsbelievethattheknowledgeinthetextbookislimited,thustheyshouldchoosemorecourseinorderthattheycanenjoy,四级作文现象解释型,amorecolorfulcollegelife.Andtheothershavenodefiniteaimbuttofinishtheirstudies.AsfarasIamconcerned,Ijustwanttolearnmoreknowledgeformyfuturelifeandjob.AndIdontcareaboutthescoresorthegradeIwouldhavegot.Ijustwanttobeamanwithsharp,vividandimaginativemindwithdifferentknowledgewhichisnotlimitedtomymajor.SoIthinkmoreknowledgecanmakemyfuturelifeeasierandmoreinteresting.,四级作文现象解释型,amorecolorfulcollegelife.Andtheothershavenodefiniteaimbuttofinishtheirstudies.AsfarasIamconcerned,Ijustwanttolearnmoreknowledgeformyfuturelifeandjob.AndIdontcareaboutthescoresorthegradeIwouldhavegot.Ijustwanttobeamanwithsharp,vividandimaginativemindwithdifferentknowledgewhichisnotlimitedtomymajor.SoIthinkmoreknowledgecanmakemyfuturelifeeasierandmoreinteresting.,四级作文现象解释型写作模板,Recently,.描述现象，引起话题Whatamazesusmostis表现较为典型的一个方面Itistruethat.对于现象做出的评论Therearemanyreasonsexplaining承上启下,解释这一现象的原因Themainreasonis说明原因一Whatismore,原因二,四级作文现象解释型写作模板,Thirdly,原因三Asaresult,.讲述导致的结果Consideringallthese,.作者的态度Foronething,.观点一11Foranother,.11观点二12Inconclusion,.12总结全文,四级作文现象解释型,WritingExercise:Directions：Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortpassageentitledOnSelf-employmentofCollegeGraduates.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingheoutlinegivenbelow:1.政府鼓励大学毕业生自主创业，对具有创新意识的开发项目给予一定的经济支持。2.产生这一现象的原因。3.我的观点。,四级作文对比选择型,这类作文多为提纲式作文，议论文体裁。通常首先论述相反的两个观点，或分析评论某一社会现象的优缺点，然后给出自己的见解和看法，是四级考试中最常见的一种作文形式。这类作文的基本模式是：分三个自然段来论述。第一段：论述一些人对某一事物或现象的看法，或某一事物的优点；第二段：论述另一些人对此事物或现象的看法，或某一事物的缺点；第三段：表明自己的观点。在写这类作文时，特别要注意在对比的段落之间使用一些表示转折关系的词汇或句子，如：however，ontheotherhand，incontrastwith/to等，使文章看起来流畅自然。,四级作文对比选择型,例：2006.12Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutetowriteashortessayentitledSpringFestivalGalaonCCTV.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbellow:1.许多人喜欢在除夕观看春节联欢晚会2.有些人却提出取消春节联欢晚会3.在我看来,四级作文对比选择型,范文：TheSpringFestivalGalaperformedonCCTVonNewYearsEve,asaformofcelebrationofChineselunarNewYear,hasbeenconsideredindispensablebyallChinesepeopleforovertwodecades.Peopleareaccustomedtoenjoyingthegrandsightandsounditpresentsasabrilliantfeast.However,therearemoreandmorepeopleclaimingtocancelitinrecentyears.Withtheroaringdevelopmentofeconomy,variousmassmediacomeoutlikethebambooshootsafterspringrain.Asaresult,morefascinatingprogramsareavailableinthedailylife.Moreover,theprogramatSpringFestivalGalahasremainednearlythesamefromsinceitwasborn.,四级作文对比选择型,AsfarasIamconcerned,Iprefertheprogramtostay.Becauseitservesnotonlyasentertainmentbutanoccasionforthefamiliestogather,chatandlaugh.Ofcourseitissupposedtobeimprovedtodrawattention,withmorediverseforms.Inaword,theSpringFestivalGalaisatraditionandtreasureoftheChinesepeople,andwestillneedit,maybeabetterone.,四级作文对比选择型作文模板,Topic:1.Whenitcomesto,differentpeopleholddifferentviews.两种观点的争论焦点2.Somecontendthat.观点一3.Foronething,.观点一的理由14.Foranother,.观点二的理由25.Inspiteofalltheseclaims,othersmaintainthat与观点一对立的观点二,四级作文对比选择型作文模板,6.Theypointoutthat.观点二的理由17.Anotherinstanceoftencitedisthat.观点二的理由28.Itsnoeasytasktofindasatisfactoryanswertotheissue.小结论9.Asforme,theressometruthtobotharguments.引入自己的观点10.Itsadvisableto.个人的结论,四级作文对比选择型,WritingExercise:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortpassageentitledRecreationalActivities.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow:1.娱乐活动多种多样2.娱乐活动可以使人们受益，也可能带来危害3.作为大学生，我认为,四级作文对比选择型,Itgoeswithoutsayingthatthereareawidevarietyofrecreationalactivitiesnowadays,whichmaycatertotheneedsofdifferentpeople.Thosewholovesportscanplayfootball,basketballortennisastheylike;meanwhile,othersmayfindmorepleasureinplayingcardsormahjong.,四级作文对比选择型,Whilesomerecreationalactivitiesarebeneficial,otheractivitiescandoharmtopeople.Acaseinpointfortheformersituationissportsandgames.Theseactivitiescanhelpimprovepeopleshealthandmentalwell-being.Whatsmore,theycanenhancefriendshipamongpeople,justastheBeijingOlympicswilldo.Ontheotherhand,ifpeoplepreferbadactivities,theywillhavetosuffer.Forexample,manypeopleprefergambling,andwhentheylosemoney,someofthemwillcommitcrimes.,四级作文对比选择型,Asacollegestudent,Iholdtothebeliefthatweshouldengageinhealthyandusefulrecreationalactivitiesandstayawayfromtheharmfulones.Onlyinthiswayareweabletobuildaharmonioussocietyinourcountry.,四级作文问题解决型,这类作文一般为提纲式作文，多为说明文。通常首先提出一个有待解决的问题，然后要求考生就该问题提出解决方法、途径，有时还要求考生最后谈论适合自己的方法。这类题型的基本模式是：第一段：提出问题或阐述某件事情的重要性或意义；第二段：列举说明处理某事的方式或解决某个问题的途径；第三段：针对第二段所阐述的方法给予简要的评论，也可提出个人建议或选择，并阐述理由。此题型的写作重点在How，即解决问题的办法。,四级作文问题解决型,例：2001、1Directions:Forthispart,youareallowedthirtyminutestowriteacompositiononthetopicHowtoSucceedinaJobInterview?Youshouldwriteatleast100words,andbaseyourcompositionontheoutlinegiveninChinesebelow:1.面试在求职过程中的作用2.取得面试成功的因素：仪表、举止谈吐、能力、专业知识、自信、实事求是,四级作文问题解决型,范文：HowtoSucceedinaJobInterviewTherehasbeenadiscussionrecentlyabouttheinterview.Itistruetothepresentsituationthattheinterviewbecomesindispensableinseekingajob.Foronething,ifajobseekercanmakethebestuseoftheinterviewandleavesagoodimpressiononthemindoftheinterviewer,hemaybeluckyenoughtogetthejobcompetedforbymanyapplicants.Foranother,ifthejobhuntergivesapoorperformanceduringtheinterview,heisunlikelytostandachance.Asisknowntoall,therearemanywaystomakeanexcellentperformanceinaninterview.Firstofall,theapplicantoughttopayattentiontohisappearanceandmannerofspeaking.Furthermore,heissupposedtodisplayhisability,especially,四级作文问题解决型,hisgraspofprofessionalknowledgerequiredbythepositionforwhichheisapplying.Thelastbutnottheleast,areallyimpressivejobseekermustconveyasenseofself-confidenceandapracticalattitudetowardthecauseconcerned.Inbrief,iftheintervieweedisplaysthesecharacteristicsandpresentshismostattractivequalitiesduringtheinterview,theinterviewermightmakeanon-the-spotdecisiontotakehimon.Inconclusion,thejobinterviewisindeedimportant.Wedbetterpayattentiontotheskills.Accordingly,iftheintervieweehasmadefullpreparationsforitandgivenafairlyconfidentandhonestperformance,hisorhersuccesscanbeensured.,四级作文问题解决型作文模板,Topic:1.Withtheof，.问题出现的背景2.Soitisofgreatimportanceforusto.提出问题3.Ontheonehand,.问题的后果一4.Ontheotherhand,.问题的后果二5.However,wehavefiguredoutmanywaysto.提出解决这一问题的方法,四级作文问题解决型作文模板,6.Firstly,.解决方法一7.Solongas.进一步说明方法一8.Secondly,.方法二9.Thirdly,.方法三10.Infact,.提出解决问题的根本途径11.Thatisbecause.11支持句的理由12.Inaword,.12总结全文,四级作文问题解决型,WritingExercise:HowCanLaid-offWorkersFindNewJobs?1.很多下岗工人很难找到新的工作。2.如何帮助他们。,四级作文问题解决型,ThemarketeconomyhasbroughtChinabothbenefitsandheadaches,oneofwhichistheproblemoffindingnewjobsforlaid-offworkers.Thereisnodenyingthatserioussocialproblemswillariseunlessthisproblemisproperlysolved.Asaresult,itisessentialtoexplorewaystogetlaid-offworkersbacktowork.,四级作文问题解决型,Seriousastheproblemseems,wecanfindsomesolutionstoit.Tobeginwith,priorityshouldbegiventotheexpansionoftertiaryindustry(第三产业)becausetertiaryindustrycancreateagreatnumberofpositionswithfewrestrictionsonage,education,skill,etc.Also,littlecapitalisneededtosetupenterprisesinthisfield.Inaddition,thelaid-offworkershavetoupdatetheirskillstomeetthedemandsofthesociety,justastheoldsayinggoes,“Godhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves.”,四级作文问题解决型,Lastbutnotleast,theyshouldstoprelyingonthestateandthrowawayanyworriesabouttheir“face”whiledoing“low”jobssuchaswashingdishesatrestaurantsorsendingnewspaperstohouseholds.Oncethehabitofdependencyiscracked,thenthecountrycanmakeotherpolicychangesaimedatimprovingtheirlivingstandards.,四级作文观点论证型,这一类作文多为提纲式作文，议论文体裁，通常是围绕某一事物或观点进行论证，有时以格言或谚语为议论对象，要求考生提供论据加以说明。(近十年四级考试中观点论证型作文共出现一次)第一段：提出论点第二段：例证论点第三段：得出结论或表明个人看法或做法注意表明自己观点的时候要清楚明白，不能含含糊糊。例：2003、1Forthispart,youareallowedthirtyminutestowriteacompositiononthetopicItPaystoBeHonest.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsaccordingtotheoutlinegivenbelowinChinese.1.当前社会上存在许多不诚实的现象2.诚实利人利已，做人应该诚实,四级作文观点论证型,范文Itiswell-knownthatnowadaysdishonestyisacommonphenomenoninsociety.Forexample,manypeoplewouldspendalotofmoneyonafakediplomainordertogetagoodjob.Andpoorstudentstendtocheatonexams.Whatsmore,greedyadvertisersmaylurecustomersintobuyingfakecommodities.Evensuch“decent”andfamousfigureasLiuXiaoqing,onceconsideredasChinasmoviequeen,hascheatedthegovernmentonincometaxes.However,honestyisalwaysseenasanimportantpartofthehumancharacter.Firstofall,ifyoutreatothersfairly,thoseassociatingwithyouwillcertainlyprofitfromyoursincerity.Meanwhile,asenseoftrustbuildsupintheirhearts,which,inturn,willearnyoumoretruefriends.Andthatwill,四级作文观点论证型,benefityouinthelongrun.Therefore,itisessentialforeveryonetomaintainanhonestattitudetowardsthewholesociety.Inaword,honestywinstrust,respectandhonor.Itpaystobehonest.,四级作文观点论证型写作模板,观点论证型模板一：Itiswellknownthat(2)Thetruthofitisself-evident.(3)Noonecandeny.(4)Therefore.(5)Manyexamplescanbefoundtoprove.(6)Takeasatypicalexample.(7)People_.(8)Furthermore.(9)Itgoeswithoutsayingthat.(10)Then.(11)Thereisnodoubtthat.(12)Inconclusion.,四级作文观点论证型写作模板,观点论证型模板二：(1)Itisbelievedthat.(2)Thetruthisdeepandprofound.(3)Asweknow.(4)Conse-quently.(5)Acaseinpointis.(6)Thisisclosetosuggest.(7)Itistruethat_.(8)Inaddition.(9)Allmentionedabovetellsus.(10)Asamatteroffact.(11)Thereisnodenyingthat,四级作文图表类,图表作文是四级写作中难度较大的一种写作题型。这类作文可综合提供题目、数据、图像、提纲，形式多样。写作类型来看，文体多以说明文和议论文为主。涉及5个方面：描述图表、指明寓意、分析原因、联系实际、给出建议。而每次考试只是从这5个方面的内容中选出3个结合在一起。写图表作文时对图表和数据内容不必全部描述，只需重点引用能支持观点的一些数据。分析图表时切不可凭空想象，要善于抓住总的规律和趋势。第一段：描述图表中的基本信息，即数据的变化。第二段:论述导致数值变化的原因。第三段：描述对未来趋势的预测。,四级作文图表类,图表作文常用句型Asis