中西文化之鉴-第二单元

Chapter2BecomingAware,中西文化之鉴-跨文化交际,Becomingawareofthedifferencesbetweenus,Learningobjectives:,Inthischapter,studentswilllearnhowto:Understandthedefinitionsofculture.Describethecharacteristicsofculture.culturalidentity.Cultureswithinculture,Whatisculture?Simplyput,cultureisasystemofmeaning.Thatistooabstractadefinitiontoreallyunderstand.,Whatreallybindsmentogetheristheirculture-theideasandthestandardstheyhaveincommon.R.Benedict,Anidiom,1.CultureIsLikeAnIceberg,art、literature、music、dance。language、game、cooking、clothes,谦虚的概念、审美观、教育子女的理念、对后代的规范、宇宙观、与动物的关系、上下级的关系模式、如何定义罪孽、求爱的方式、公平的概念、工作的动机、领导的概念、工作的速度、集体决策的模式、洁净的概念、对于独立的态度、疾病的理论、解决问题的方法、对于地位稳定性的理解、眼神交流、与年龄、性别、阶层、职业、亲情等有关的角色认识、对于不安全的定义、友谊的本质、对于“自我”的定义、视觉感知模式、肢体语言、面部表情、对于逻辑和效度的理解、处理情感的方式、不同社会情景下交谈模式、对于过去和未来的看待方式、对于时间的安排、对于竞争或合作的喜好、社交比率、青春期的概念、对于空间的利用等。,2.CultureIsOurSoftware,3.CultureIsLiketheWateraFishSwimsIn,4.CultureIstheGrammarofOurBehavior,Wedefinecultureas“thedepositofknowledge,experience,beliefs,values,actions,attitudes,hierarchies,religions,notionsoftime,roles,spatialrelations,conceptsoftheuniverse,andartifactsacquiredbyagroupofpeopleinthecourseofgenerationsthroughindividualandgroupstriving.”,Learningaboutcultureandlearningtodoculture,TheCharacteristicsofCulture,1.CultureIsLearned,2.CultureIssharedview,Liketheairwebreathe,culturepenetratesintoeveryaspectofourlifeandinfluencesthewaywethink,thewaywetalk,andthewaywebehave.,3.CultureIsPervasive,Wesometimesbreakdownandisolatevariouspartsofcultureandtalkaboutthemasiftheyareseparateparts.However,inreality,culturefunctionsasanintegratedwholeanditissystemic.,4.CultureIsIntegrated/coherent,Historyaboundswithexamplesofhowcultureshavechangedbecauseoflaws,naturaldisasters,wars,orothercalamities.,5.CultureIsdynamic,CONCLUSION:CULTUREISAMANSSECONDNATUREAWAYOFOVERCOMINGVULNERABILITYACQUIREDTHROUGHSOCIALIZATIONTHUS,MANISTHEPRODUCEROFCULTUREANDTHEPRODUCTOFCULTURE,Susan:MrsZhang,cometoNewYorkifyoulike.Husband:_Mother:不去了，给你们添麻烦。Husband:_Susan:Yes,ohthanksforyourdeliciousfood,Ilikethemverymuch.Husband:_Mother:自家人谢什么，苏珊，你以后可不要再瘦身了，身体健康才最重要哪！Husband:_Susan:Thankyou!Thesametoyou.Husband:_-Mother:啊，谢谢，谢谢！,Susan:MrsZhang,cometoNewYorkifyoulike.Husband:妈妈，您可一定要来纽约看看.Mother:不去了，给你们添麻烦。Husband:Oh,itdependsonthephysicalcondition.Susan:Yes,ohthanksforyourdeliciousfood,Ilikethemverymuch.Husband:谢谢妈妈给我们做那么多好吃的Mother:自家人谢什么，苏珊，你以后可不要再瘦身了，身体健康才最重要哪！Husband:Itsmypleasure.Susan,IHopeyoubecomeevenmorebeautiful.Susan:Thankyou!Thesametoyou.Husband:谢谢妈妈,我祝您身体健康Mother:啊，谢谢，谢谢！,ThreeDistinctDimensionsofOnesIdentity,Private(whatIthinkofmyself),Public(whatotherpeoplethinkofme),Collective(whatspecificgroupsofpeoplethinkofme),CULTURALIDENTITYCulturalidentityreferstoonessenseofbelongingtoaparticularcultureorethnicgroup.Peopleconsciouslyidentifythemselveswithagroupthathasasharedsystemofsymbolsandmeaningsaswellasnormsforconduct.,CulturalIdentity,Case-analysis:ABlackGirlsIdentity,(1)Howwasthegirlsculturalidentitydeveloped?(2)WhatdidtheothertwoBlackgirlsmeanbychocolatemilk?(3)HowdoyouthinktheothertwoBlackgirlsrecognizetheirculturalidentity?,DOMINANTCULTUREANDSUBCULTURE/CO-CULTURE,Cultureissubdividedintodominantculture,mainstreamculture,andsubculture(s),whichcoexistwithineachculture.Todaythetendencyistosayco-c