四级听力课件

,Goodevening,新四级大学英语听力辅导,-长对话及短文理解ByShirley,长对话的结构(三段式),引子-交谈双方互致问候,(寒暄)给出双方有关信息,-易于掌握提供了对话的背景最多一道题主体-引出话题讨论结论-出现多个题(达成共识解决问题)目,涉及细节尾巴-话题讨论后的余波-题目涉及:(告别)两人道别对话结尾的建议约定下次会面时间地点说话人的后续活动,长对话的对话场景,旅游交通，工作商务，校园生活，医疗健康，饮食娱乐，住房搬家，生活交际，（人物采访，座谈的场景）,听力长对话,1.真题实战经验(2006.12)ConversationOne19.WhatsthewomansmainpurposeofvisitingQuebec?(目的意图题)A)TogoboatingontheSt.LawrenceRiver.B)TogosightseeinginQuebecProvince.C)TocallonafriendinQuebecCity.D)ToattendaweddinginMontreal.,Iminvitedtogotoafriendswedding.,20.Whatdoesthemanadvisetodobeforethetrip?(请求建议题)A)StudythemapofQuebecProvinceB)FindmoreaboutQuebecProvinceC)BrushuponherFrenchD)Learnmoreaboutthelocalcustoms.,SoyoudbetterpracticeyourFrenchbeforeyougo.,21.WhatdoesthemansayaboutQuebecCity?(事实细节题)Itsmostbeautifulinsummer.B)Ithasmanyhistoricalbuildings.C).Itwasgreatlyexplainedinthe18thcentury.D).ItstheonlyFrench-speakingcityinCanada.,Itsabeautifulcity,verycold.Manyoldbuildingshavebeennicelyrestored,ConversationTwo22.WhatdowelearnfromtheconversationaboutMs.Rowlingsfirstbook?(事实细节题)A)Itwasaboutalittleanimal.B)Ittookhersixyearstowrite.C)Itwasadaptedfromafairlytale.D)Itwasaboutalittlegirlandherpet.,IwrotemyfirstfinishedstorywhenIwasabout6.Itwasaboutasmallanimal.ArabbitImean,andIvebeenwritingeversince.,23.WhydoesMs.Rowlingconsiderherselfverylucky?A)Sheknowshowtowritebest-sellingnovels.(原因题)B)Shecanearnalotofmoneybywritingforadult.C)Sheisabletowinenoughsupportfrompublishers.D)Shecanmakealivingbydoingwhatshelikes.,Iconsidermyselfveryluckyindeedtobeabletosupportmyselfbywriting.,24.WhatdictatesMs.Rowlingswriting?(事实细节题)A)Thecharacters.B)Thereaders.C)Herideas.D)Thereaders.,Theideascomefirst,soitreallydependontheideathatgrabsmenext.,25.AccordingtoMs.Rowling,wheredidshegettheideasfortheHarryPotterbooks?(事实细节题)A)Shedoesntreallyknowwheretheyoriginated.B)Shemainlydrewonstoriesofancientsaints.C)Theypoppedoutofherchildhooddreams.D)Theygrewoutofherlonghoursofthinking.,Ivenoideawheretheideascamefrom.,2007.6真题ConversationOne19.Whatsthemansproblem?(细节辨认题)A)Thehotelclerkhadputhisreservationunderanothername.B)ThehotelclerkinsistedthathedidntmakeanyreservationC)Thehotelclerktriedtotakeadvantageofhisinexperience.D)Thehotelclerkcouldntfindhisreservationforthatnight.,Idontthinkwehaveanyroomsfortonight.,20.Whydidthehotelclerksaytheydidnthaveanyroomsforthatnight?(细节辨认题)A)Agrandweedingwasbeingheldinthehotel.B)Therewasaconferencegoingoninthecity.C)Thehotelwasundergoingmajorrepairs.D)Itwasabusyseasonforholiday-makers,Theresconferencegoingonintownander,letssee.yeah,norooms,21.Whatdidtheclerksayaboutthebreakfastinthehotel?(综合推理题)A)Itwasfreeofchargeonweekends.B)Ithada15%discountonweekdays.C)Itwasofferedtofrequentguestsonly.D)Itwas10%cheaperthaninotherhotels.,Isntthebreakfastfreeanyway?Onlyonweekends,22.Whatdidthemanimplyhewoulddoattheendoftheconversation?(推理判断题)A)Demandcompensationfromthehotel.B)Askforanadditionaldiscount.C)Complaintothehotelmanager.D)Findacheaperroominanotherhotel.,Iwanttotalktothemanager.Wait,wait,wait.Mr.Nelson.IthinkIcangiveyouanadditional15%discount,CoversationTwo23.Whatisthewomanspresentposition?细节辨认题A)AnemployeeinthecitycouncilatBirmingham.B)AssistantDirectoroftheAdmissionsOffice.C)HeadoftheOverseasStudentsOffice.D)SecretaryofBirminghamMedicalSchool.,Sarah,youworkintheAdmissionsOffice,dontyou?Yes,Iam.IvebeenheretenyearsasAssistantDirector.,24.Whatdowelearnaboutthepostgraduatesenrolledlastyearinthewomansuniversity?细节辨认题A)Nearlyfiftypercentareforeigners.B)AboutfifteenpercentareformAfrica.C)AlargemajorityarefromLatinAmerica.D)AsmallnumberareformtheFarEast.,Ofallthestudentsenrolledlastyear,nearlyhalfwerefromoverseas.TheywerefromAfricancountries,theFarEast,theMiddleEast,andLatinAmerica.,25.Whatwillthewomansnewjobbelike?推理判断题A)Shewillhavemorecontactwithstudents.B)Itwillbringhercapabilityintofullerplay.C)Shewillbemoreinvolvedinpolice-making.D)Itwillbelessdemandingthanherpresentjob.,FromOctober1,Illbedoinganentirelydifferentjob.Theresgoingtobemorecommitteework.Imean,morepolicywork,andlessdealingwithstudents,unfortunately.Illmissmycontactwithstudents.,真题实战经验(2006.6)CoversationOne19.WhatsthepurposeofMr.Saundersvisit?(目的意图题)A)Tomakeabusinessreporttothewoman.B)Tobeinterviewedforajobinthewomanscompany.C)Toresignfromhispositioninthewomanscompany.D)Toexchangestockmarkerinformationwiththewoman.,Ireceivedyourjobresumelastweek,anditwasveryimpressed.,20.WhatisMr.Saunderscurrentjob?(细节题)A)Heisheadofsmalltradingcompany.B)Heworksinaninternationalinsurancecompany.C)Heleadsateamofbrothersinabigcompany.D)Heisapublicrelationsofficerinasmallcompany.,Imcurrentlyworkinginalargeinternationalcompanyinchargeofateamof8brokers.,21.Whatcanweconcludefromtheconversation?(推理判断题)A)ThewomanthinksMr.Saundersisaskingformorethantheycanoffer.B)Mr.Saunderswillshareonethirdofthewomansresponsibilities.C)Mr.Saundersbelievesthathedeservesmorepaidvacations.D)ThewomanseemstobesatisfiedwithMr.Saunderspastexperience.,Youmightjustbethepersonwevebeenlookingfor.,CoversationTwo22.WhycantKareconcentrateonthebook?(推理判断题)A)Shesworriedabouttheseminar.B)Themankeepsinterruptingher.C)Shefindsittoohard.D)Shelacksinterestinit.,No,notreally.Iwouldntbotherwithit,Itsalaboroflaborthenratherthanalaboroflove,23.Whyiskarenstartingtolikethecourselessandless?(原因题)A)Thelecturersareboring.B)Thecourseispoorlydesigned.C)SheprefersphilosophytoEnglish.D)Sheenjoysliteraturemore.,IwanttodophilosophyratherthanEnglish,butmyparentstookmeoutofit.,24.WhothinksPhilosophygraduateshavelimitedjobopportunities?(事实细节题)A)Karensfriend.B)Karensparents.C)Karenslecturers.D)Karenherself.,Myparents,theyalwaysdo,dontthey?Theybelievethatmyjobprospectwouldbeprettylimitedwiththedegreeofphilosophy.,25.WhatisKarenthinkingofdoing?A)Changinghermajor.B)Spendinglessofherparentsmoney.C)GettingtransferredtotheEnglishDepartment.D)Leavingtheuniversity.,TheywouldbesodisappointedthoughifItoldthemIwasquitting.,长对话八大长考题型,一.细节辨认题二.原因推理题三.目的意图题四.观点态度题五.关键词题(语音语义题)六.综合推断题七.主旨大意题八.请求建议题,长对话七大出题思路,一.中间处出题题型特点:在对话的中间部分,或开头的交谈后或结尾前,谈话者会就其中的某一问题进行比较深入的沟通,通常会涉及到一些细节性的内容.如2006年6月第20题细节辨认题20.WhatisMr.Saunderscurrentjob?A)Heisheadofsmalltradingcompany.B)Heworksinaninternationalinsurancecompany.C)Heleadsateamofbrothersinabigcompany.D)Heisapublicrelationsofficerinasmallcompany.,二.开头处出题,题型特点:寒暄语后的第一句话往往引出话题,很可能是对话的主题,也是回答主旨,话题以及场景题的依据.长对话开头部分一般会涉及全文的主旨等内容.出题的思路多种多样.如2006年6月第19题，属于主旨大意题。问候之后的首句往往引出谈话的主题，也经常是长对话第一个问题的设题点。解题技巧:首句所包含的单词就是答案.如选项中没有听到的单词,则所听到单词的同义替换是正确答案,三.结尾处出题出题重灾区,题型特点:同对话开头处一样,结尾处也是设题的关键点,交谈双方或某一方往往会在结尾处表达自己的某种观点或态度,决定,建议等总结性的内容或将来的计划等,并且能进一步体现谈论的场景或主题.如2006年6月第25题，关键词题，对话结尾处女士通过进行时表明了自己的打算（Iwasquitting).,四.干扰信息处出题,题型特点:长对话内容多，信息量大，涉及的每个细节都可能设题。该类题目的四个选项可能都是谈话者一齐谈到的内容，如不仔细区分很容易混淆。所以在解答这类题目时，要充分预览所列的选项，并适当做笔记。如2006年6月第22题，原因题，,五.信息集中处出题,A.谈话双方谈论最热烈的地方往往是出题的热点所在。内容多，信息集中，往往会集中设题。B.听音前预览选项，听音时适当作笔记C.2006年12月第25题，事实细节题，,六.对整个对话的理解出题,这类题的根据有四点：A.根据对话的开头判断对话的主要内容B.根据对话的结尾判断对话的主题C.根据文中多次出现的主要信息做合理判断D.通过预览选项进行合理的推理排除如2006年6月第21题，综合推断题,七.时间数字处出题,A.对话中出现年代,时间,价格等数字信息的地方经常是设题的重点B.但是很少单纯考查数字的题目，而是考察与数字相关的其他细节信息，如A）Thepersonnelmanagershouldbefiredforinefficency.B)Afewengineersshouldbeemployed,Whatdoesthewomansuggestabouthumanresourses?,tomodernizethefactory.C)Theentirestaffshouldberetrained.D)Better-educatedemployeesshouldbepromoted.,M:Andwhatsthepicture?W:Wellprobablyhavetohireacoupleofengineerstohelpusmodernizethefactory.,听力题中所给选项的特点A.或均为动词原形B.或均为人物角色C.或含有一些标志性的词语根据选项的特点（句式结构）,可以推测问题可能考察的核心内容；通过分析排除一些比较明显的干扰项，缩小听音范围，从而在听音时更有针对性,长对话四大接题应急绝招,一.根据选项确定应注意的细节,2006.12.20题.Whatdoesthemanadvisetodobeforethetrip?A)StudythemapofQuebecProvinceB)FindmoreaboutQuebecProvinceC)BrushuponherFrenchD)Learnmoreaboutthelocalcustoms.,二.根据选项确定问题,有的题目选项有明显的特点,通过选项的句式结构或用词大致可以判断问题问的是什么,从而对问题有一个比较好的准备.如2006.1219.WhatsthewomansmainpurposeofvisitingQuebec?A)TogoboatingontheSt.LawrenceRiver.B)TogosightseeinginQuebecProvince.C)TocallonafriendinQuebecCity.D)ToattendaweddinginMontreal.,三.根据选项留心说话者,有的题目选项是关于交谈者某一方的行为观点建议,在充分浏览选项的基础上可确定一个大体的思路并进行合理预测.如2006.620.WhatisMr.Saunderscurrentjob?A)Heisheadofsmalltradingcompany.B)Heworksinaninternationalinsurancecompany.C)Heleadsateamofbrokersinabigcompany.D)Heisapublicrelationsofficerinasmallcompany.,速见各选项可以发现四个选项的主语都是He,结合各选项具体信息可以判断出该题讲的是在公司的职位,因此听音时应注意男士在说明自己职位时的话语.,四.对选项分析得出答案,在听音前对选项有了大致了解的基础上,听音时又没有把握住该问题的内容,就可以采用的一种对答案进行的合理推测,通常有以下几种情况:1.与对话主题或其余内容不同的选项往往不是答案(某一选项明显与其他选项内容不同,如),Whatdoesthewomansuggestabouthumanresources?A）Thepersonnelmanagershouldbefiredforinefficiency.B)Afewengineersshouldbeemployedtomodernizethefactory.C)Theentirestaffshouldberetrained.D)Better-educatedemployeesshouldbepromoted.,2.意思相反的选项往往有一个为答案(如果有两个选项意思明显相反往往其中一个为答案,如)A.Itcostmuchmorethanitsworth.B.Itshouldbebroughtup-to-date.C.Itcallsforimmediaterepairs.D.Itcanstillbeusedforalongtime.(听力原文如下),M:No,notreally,canwegooveritnow?W:SureFirstofall,ifwewanttostaycompetitive,weneedtomodernizeourfactory.Newequipmentshouldvebeeninstalledlongago.Q:Whatdoesthewomansayabouttheequipmentoftheirfactory?,3.内容被包含的选项往往不是答案,有的选项的含义包含在另一个选项中,那么该选项往往不是答案.如2006.625.WhatisKarenthinkingofdoing?A)Changinghermajor.B)Spendinglessofherparentsmoney.C)GettingtransferredtotheEnglishDepartment.D)Leavingtheuniversity,4.明显不符常理的选项往往不是答案,A)TheircompetitorshavelongbeenadvertisingonTV.B)TVcommercialsarelessexpensive.C)Advertisinginnewspaperaloneisnotsufficient.D)TVcommercialsattractmoreinvestments.(听力原文如下),听力原文如下),Q:WhydoesthewomansuggestadvertisingonTV?,M:TV?Isntthatabittooexpensiveforus?W:Quitefrankly,itsjustnotenoughanyway.Weneedtobemoreaggressiveinordertokeepaheadofourcompetitors.,5.各题主题揭示对话主题,将各题所考察的主题内容结合在一起,往往可得出整篇对话的主题,此时考察对话主题的题目中某一选项明显能够概括其他各题选项的内容,那么该选项很可能就是对话的主题.如1.A)Thebenefitsofstrongbusinesscompetition.B)Aproposaltolowerthecostofproduction.C)complaintsabouttheexpenseofmodernization.D)Suggestionsconcerningnewbusinessstrategies.选项均为名词短语,且主题各异,故很有可能考察对话谈论的主题,Q:Whatarethetwospeakerstalkingabout?,2.A）Thepersonnelmanagershouldbefiredforinefficiency.B)Afewengineersshouldbeemployedtomodernizethefactory.C)Theentirestaffshouldberetrained.D)Better-educatedemployeesshouldbepromoted.,3.A.Itcostmuchmorethanitsworth.B.Itshouldbebroughtup-to-date.C.Itcallsforimmediaterepairs.D.Itcanstillbeusedforalongtime.Should表明2.3.两题可能都是“提出建议或表达观点”故可推知主题很可能关于某方面的建议,由此可推测第1题D为答案的可能性较大,四级短文听力理解,第一讲短文理解五大常考题材,一.科普与科研报告类(6篇)二.社会热门话题类(7篇)三.人物历史类(4篇)四.故事类(14篇)五.文化教育类(9篇)广播新闻节目,校园讲座有可能成为未来出题趋势,一.科普与科研报告类(6篇),1.特点:1)顺叙的方法说明问题,条理清楚,层次分明,结构严谨,用词准确,专业术语较长,句子结构较复杂.2)理解概念的意义尤为重要:数量,结构,性质,位置,方向,手段,原因,目的,条件,结果3)短文的试题直截了当,多为细节题:时间,地点,数字,等细节及原因,结果进行提问2.方法:1)分析选项,把握考点2)听大意,抓要点A:短文的开头两句(主题/有助于理解全文),B)不必弄懂全文,只需对其中心思想和所叙述事情有个整体把握,再抓住几处要点即可C)听到术语时二.社会热门话题类(7篇)是作者就某一社会问题引述各种观点或进行分析并表明自己的观点和立场的文章.包括:社会政治,经济,家庭(离婚,妇女地位,青少年问题)问题,犯罪,环境,交通1.特点:1)多为表达自己观点型的短文,其题目多为主观题,2)提出问题,分析问题,解决问题(注意各种对立面观点的论证)2.方法:速览选项,注意细节题,猜测文章主题,三.人物历史类(常考题型),包括著名历史人物(诗人,文学家,艺术家,社会活动家,运动员等的生平事迹,性格特点,事业成绩等.重要的历史事件;某个国家/民族的历史发展等;特称/节日的由来1.特点:1)以明示细节题为主要题型2)时间,人物,情节,地点是解题中心2.方法:听音时注意人物的生平事迹(人物的突出方面),重要事迹(尤其对人生有转折意义的关键事件的发生时间),四.故事类(频率很高),故事的四大要素:时间,地点,人物,情节1.特点:有明确的故事脉络,易懂,但解题必须抓住细节2.解题关键:1)第一句-概括性陈述-故事/主人公的基本情况最后一句-揭示一个意想不到的结局但有在情理之中2)因果关系在故事中的展开起着重要作用,要保持敏感because,since,as,therefore,asaresult,consequently,hence,五.文化教育类,1.内容:学校介绍,教育制度,文化习俗,文化娱乐2.体裁:说明文/实用文体(新闻,通知,介绍)3.解题关键:重点放在所述内容的现状与发展,解决问题的方法;新闻娱乐类短文:重点放在时间,地点,人物,事件,第二讲短文理解七大设点,一.篇首处常考二.篇尾处常考三.表示并列转折因果关系以及强调的地方常考Notonlybutalso,because,so,since,but,however.theonly,Whatwasthegoodnewsforscientists?A)Theundergroundoilresourceshavenotbeenaffected.B)Mostofthedesertanimalsandplantshavemanagedtosurvive.C)Theoillakessoondriedupandstoppedevaporating.D)Theundergroundwaterresourceshavenotbeenpolluted.答案选D.录音原文为:Theonlygoodnewsisthattheoillakeshavenotaffectedtheundergroundwaterresources.,四.表示类比和举例的地方常考Forexample/instance,firstly,thefirst,first,next.例Whatshouldapersondobeforeenteringapie-eatingcontest?A)Avoideatinganyfood.B)Preparetherighttypeofpietoeat.C)Washhishandsthoroughly.D)Practiceeatingapiequickly.答案选A.录音原文为:First,makesureyourstomashisnearlyemptyoffood,五.出现年份.年龄.价钱.时间等数字的地方常考.例WhatdoesthepassagetellaboutwomenstudentsinCambridgeUniversity?A)Veryfewofthemareengagedinresearch.B)Theywerenotawardeddegreesuntil1948.C)Theyhaveoutnumberedmalestudents.D)Theywerenottreatedequallyuntil1881.答案选B.录音原文为:Itallowedwomentotaketheuniversityexamsin1881,butitwasnotuntil1948thattheywereawardeddegrees.,六.出现形容词和副词比较级与最高级的地方常考.例Whatarethefindingsofrecentsurveys?A)Thereasonswhypeopledontreadnewspapersaremorecomplicatedthanassumed.B)Therearemoreuneducatedpeopleamongthewealthythanoriginallyexpected.C)Thenumberofnewspaperreadersissteadilyincreasing.D)Therearemorenon-readersamongyoungpeoplenowadays.答案选A录音原文为:Recentsurveys,however,haveindicatedthattheportraitofthenon-readerismorecomplicatedthanfirstthought,七.出现特殊疑问句.反问句或表示强烈语气的地方常考例Accordingtothespeaker,howcanwebestimproveourimage?A)Bydecoratingourhomes.B)Bybeingkindandgenerous.C)Bywearingfashionableclothes.D)Byputtingonalittlemake-up.答案选B.录音原文为:Haventyounoticedthatthekindest,mostgenerouspeopleseemtokeepgettingprettier?,第三讲短文理解四大常考题型,一.明示细节题三大解题关键1.对于普通类细节题2.对于关键词类细节题(多次重复一个/几个词语3.对于词义转化类细节题二.主旨大意题四大解题关键1.预读选项，排除干扰，确定听音重点2.抓住一般出现在开头和结尾的主题句3.注意关联词引导的内容4.借助高频短语进行预测,三.综合推断题七大解题关键1.预读选项进行预测2.抓关键词句3.洞察说话人的语气、语调4.听清题干的问题5.所听非所解6.出现矛盾选项.需重新审题7.平常多做些这方面的阅读理解，毕竟综合推测能力靠的不仅仅是听力，理解力、判断力也尤为关键,四.观点态度题答题要点平时注意积累一些表示观点态度的词，如positive（肯定的），negative（否定的），pessimistic（消极的），enthusiastic（热情的）等。听音时要准确把握文章的整体基调（如幽默，讽刺，辛辣，严肃）和作者的口吻（赞成，否定，悲伤，高兴）,第四讲短文理解五大应答技巧,1.听音前预测问题a.读选项,化被动为主动b.读选项的目的是预测:选项关键词;预测文章大意;预测提问方式;预测文章考点.,2.听时做好笔记3.掌握提问规律表示并列、递进、例示的词and,also,likewise,furthermore,moreover,inaddition,whatsmore,forexample,forinstance表示转折的词but,however,otherwise,inspitof,nevertheless表示短文层次和先后关系的词first,second,third,last,finally,before,after,next,then,inconclusion,accordingly表示“原因”和“目的”的词because,therefore,since,as,for,asaresult,consequently,4.排除干扰5.了解短文的特征.考查重点以及各种题型,论说文写作,段落写作,Introduction：引言/起始/淘金段，3句Thesisstatement：中心思想，1句Backgroundinformation：背景信息，2句Background背景Facts事实Othersopinions反方观点,Body,主体/拓展段，4句Topicsentence：主题句，1句Argument：论证，2句Classification：分类Exemplification：举例,Numerousexamplescanbegiven,butthis/thesewillsuffice.Icanthinkofnobetterillustrationthanthefollowingone(s).Thisstorytellsusthat.Causeandeffect：因果Comparisonandcontrast：比较和对比Definitionandexplanation：定义和事实Statisticsandfacts：统计和事实,Accordingtotherecentsurvey/data/figure/statistics/studybytheChineseAcademyofSocialScience,%(percent).,Conclusion：结论段，3句,Summary：小结，1句Argument：论证，1句Summary：小结，1句Topicsentence：主题句，1句,论说文总论,1、万能句型：1）第一段现状说明用于文章开头的语句1.Whenitcomesto/Facedwith/Whenaskedabout.,most/manypeoplebelievethat.,butotherpeopleregardas/consideritdifferently2.Whenitcomesto.,peoplesopinionsdiffer.Someholdtheopinionthat.,whileothersclaimthat.3.Thereisnoconsensusofopinionsamongpeopleastotheideaof.Somepeopleclaimthat.,whileothersbelievethat.,4.Thereisageneraldiscussiontodayabouttheissueof.Thosewhocriticize.arguethat.Theybelievethat.Butpeoplewhoadvocate.,ontheotherhand,arguethat.5.Mostpeopleareoftheopinionthat.ButIpersonallybelievethat.6.Nowpeopleingrowingnumbersarebeginningtorealizethat.7.Now,itisgenerallyacknowledgedthat.,butIdoubtwhether.,2）第二段：原因列举：用于解释原因的语句1.Thephenomenon/changein.Mainlyresultsfrom/arisesfromthefactthat.2.Onemayregardthephenomenonasa.3.Therearemanyreasonsforthisdramaticgrowth/decrease.First,.Second,.Finally,.4.Anumberoffactorscanaccountforthechangein.5.Anothercontributoryfactorof.is.6.Whydo/are/did.?Foronething,foranother,/Onereasonis,AnotherisPerhapstheprimaryreasonis.7.isalsoresponsiblefortherise/decreasein.,观点陈述：I用于比较的语句1.TheadvantagesofAoutweighanybenefitwegainfromB.2.GoodasAis,ithasitsowndisadvantages.Foronething,it.;foranother,it.3.AlthoughAhasconsiderable/substantial/enormousadvantageoverB.,itcannotcompetewithBin.4.AsadvantagewhenBsadvantagesareconsidered.,II用于驳斥的语句1.Althoughalotofpeoplebelievethat.,Idoubt/wonderwhethertheargumentbearsmuchanalysis/closeexamination2.Asopposedtowidelyheldideas,Ibelieve/arguethat.3.Althoughthepopularbelief/ideaisthat.,(a)currentstudy/surveyindicatesthat.4.Theymayberightabout.,buttheyseemtoneglect/failtomentionthefactthat.5.Althoughitiswidelyacceptedthat.,itisunlikelytobetruethat.6.Itistruethat.,butthatisnottosaythat.7.Thereis/areabsolutelynoreason(s)forustobelieve/rejectthat.8.Whatthesepeoplefailtomention/understandisthat.9.Youmayargue/saythat.Itprobablywill.But.10.Itisonethingtobelievethat.,butitisquiteanothertosaythat,第三段：用于文章结尾的语句1.Takingintoaccountallthesefeatures/Judgingfromallevidenceoffered,wemaysafelydrawtheconclusionthat.2.Alltheevidencesupportsanunshakableconclusionthat.3.Itis(high)timethatweplacedgreatemphasison.4.Itis(high)timeweputanendtotheundesirablephenomenonof.5.Thereisnodenying/littledoubtthatfurtherattentionmustbepaidtotheproblemof.6.Itisnecessarythateffectiveactionsshouldbetakentopreventthesituation.,四级综合改错题应对策略（一）,一、词汇用法错误1固定搭配错误：主要是一些常用介词短语、动词短语、形容词短语的误用，另外，一些固定句型中词汇的搭配也容易出错。对付此类错误的方法是大量记忆，熟悉这些固定的搭配。例1：aboutanAmericanwhohadbeeninvitedtoanArabmealatoneofthecountriesoftheMiddleEast（2000年6月第75题）at应改为in，inthecountry为固定介词短语搭配。,例2：，butsuchreasonsaretotallydependentinthebalanceofrisksandbenefitsforthepatients（1993年6月第75题）in应改为on，dependenton为固定的形容词短语搭配。例3：However，asecondpersonthoughtthatthiswasmoreaquestionofcivilizedbehaviorasgoodmanners（2000年6月第73题）as应改为than，morethan为固定句型搭配，表示“与其说不如说”,2单词的混用：这种错误是指误用了某个在形式或意义上与正确的单词相似的单词。例1：Betweensunriseandsunset，streetsandhighwaysareaconstantsourceofvoicefromcars，busesandtrucks（1995年6月第73题）原文讲述噪音污染，所以，此处的voice应改为noise。例2：Immediatelybeforehimwasaveryflatpieceofbreadthatlooked，tohim，verymuchasanapkin（2000年6月第78题）此处as应改为like，as与like都可作介词用，表示“像一样”时，应用like，而as表示“作为”。,综合改错题应对策略（二）,二、篇章理解错误1语意的颠倒：这类错误多指在语意表达上用了相反的词，造成上下文逻辑推理上的自相矛盾。做题前如先阅读全文，领会上下文承接关系与语意关系将裨益无穷。例：Ifhewaspresentbecauseofsickness，therewasoftennojobforhimwhenhereturned（1994年1月第76题）显然，将present改为absent才合乎逻辑。,2指代关系的错误：这类错误主要指由于人称代词、物主代词及指示代词的误用，导致指示不清、逻辑混乱，甚至前后矛盾。细心推敲和全局观念是破解此类错误的杀手锏。例1：Abreakintheiremployment，or