Henry Fielding.ppt

HenryFielding,LifeWorksSummary,Life,1707borninthefamilyofapoor,retiredgeneral.TheEtonschool,UniversityofLeyden.wroteplaysandfarces(funnyplaybasedonunlikelysituationsandevents,absurdandpointless)formakingaliving.1734marriedCharlotteCradock.1735Charlottesmotherdied,leavingherestatetoCharlotte.1737anactappeared:Playsshouldbebroughtunderdirectcensorship.1739appearedTheChampion,anewspaperwrittenmainlybyFielding.1740resumedhislegalstudiesandwascalledtothebar.,1742publishedhisfirstnovelJosephAndrews约瑟夫安德鲁.1743JonathanWild大伟人乔纳森魏尔德appeared.1744hiswifedied.1747marriedhermaid,MaryDaniel.1749finishedhisgreatnovelTomJones汤姆琼斯.1749-1750asmagistrate,publishedEnquiryintotheCausesoftheLateIncreaseofRobbers为强盗的后期增长原因的调查1751publishedhislastnovelAmelia爱米莉亚.1753appearedhisProposalforMakinganEffectualProvisionforthePoor为穷人采取有效措施的提议1754becameveryill,andleftEnglandforLisbon,Potugal.DiedatLisbonon8October.,(1729-1737)asaplaywright,wrote26playsbeverycarefulinthepracticeofhisart.KeptbackthefirstsketchofhisDonQuixoteinEnglandforsome5years.hisplaysincluderegularcomedies,adaptationsfromtheFrench,farces,burlesques,anddramaticsatires.attackedallmannerofcontemporaryvices-thecorruptionofpolitics,theinjusticeofthelaw,thedepravityofhighsociety,thetrivialityofthedrama,andthemischiefofreligioussuperstition.TheHistoricalRegisterfortheYear1736performedinMarch1737.InMay1737,aLicensingActpassedinParliament.,Works,NovelsJosephAndrews(1742)约瑟夫安德鲁斯JonathanWildtheGreat(1743)大伟人江奈尔魏尔德TomJones(1749)汤姆琼斯Amelia(1751)爱米莉亚,PlaysTheWelshOpera(1731)威尔斯歌剧DonQuixoteinEngland(1734)堂吉诃德在英国Pasqin(1736)巴斯昆TheHistoricalRegisterfortheYear(1732）一七三六历史记事,Question,Hisdramaticworksweremostly.Theyarefilledwith,and.Inspirit,JosephAndrewsspringsfromtheearlierattemptsinEnglishliteratureby，andinTheSpectator.Inform,itowesto，theauthorof.Hisplaysincluderegularcomedies,adaptationsfrom，and.Fielding,drivenoutofthetradeofand,tooktothatof.Asasatirist,whatdidheattackinhisdramaticworks?TranslatethelastsentencefromPrefacetoPlaysUnpleasant.(Pg.159),comedies,Steele,Addison,Bunyan,socialsatire,theatrical,political,Moliere,dramaticsatires,burlesques,farces,theFrench,DonQuixote,Cervantes,Cervantes,Aristophanes,JosephAndrews约瑟夫安德鲁,storyFieldingbeganhisnovelwiththeintentionofridiculingRichardsonswork,byputtingPamelasbrother,JosephAndrews,underthesametemptations.Josephisahandsomeyoungman,andheisaman-servantofMr.Bswidowedaunt,LadyBooby.LadyBoobyisattractedbyJosephsmanlycharms,andshepursueshimasobstinatelyasMr.BdidPamela.Joseph,whoisagoodyouth,repelsheradvances.Buthe,unlikehissisterPamela,doesnotatlasthavehis“virtuerewarded”.Heisturnedoutunceremoniouslyoutofdoorsbyhismistress.ThispartofthenovelisaningeniousparodyofthemainthemeofPamela.,Afterheispackedoutofhismistressshouse,Josephsetsoutonfootforthevillage,wherehissweetheart,Fanny,lives.Heisknockeddownandstrippedbyrobbers,andiscarriedtoaninn,whereheisfoundbyParsonAdams.Thepairtraveltogetherandmeetwithmanyridiculousadventures.ButfinallythestorybringsJoseph,Fanny,AdamsandLadyBoobyalltogether.LadyBoobystillthreatenspoorJosephwithherdisgustingadvances.ThestoryendsinJosephsmarriagewithFannyandtheyoungcoupleshappiness.,ThecharacterofParsonAdams,apoor,honest,oldparson,anEnglishDonQuixote;high-minded,simple-heartedanddevotedtoideals.strongandhealthy.amanofextraordinarylearning.themostabsent-mindedmanintheworld.lovespoorandhumblepeople.themostoutstandingcharacterinthenovel.,Artisticfeatures,writteninconnectionwithPamelaofRichadson.disgustedwiththeexcessivesentimentalityandpoorethicsofPamela.Sohewrotethisnoveltocriticizeit.WritteninImitationoftheMannerofCervantes,AuthorofDonQuixote.acomicepicpoeminprose(散文喜剧史诗).Thefinalsolutionisnotsatisfactory,notconvincing.Wecantbutfeelthehappyendingtooartificial.,Question,JosephAndrewswaswritteninconnectionwith.FieldingwasdisgustedwithandofPamela.InthePrefaceFieldingdescribesJosephAndrewsas.AnalysethecharacterofParsonAdams.,poorethics,sentimentality,theexcessive,PamelaofRichardson,acomicepicpoeminprose,JonathanWild,afigurefromactuallife,anEnglishhighwayman,thechapter,“OnHat”theEnglishpoliticalsystem,hatsNewgateprisondebtorsthievescontestsuppression,principlesEnglandtax-payersgreedypoliticianselectionoftheToriesandtheWhigschangeintheministry,significance,asatiricalnovel,inwhichheexposestheEnglishbourgeoissocietyandmocksatitspoliticalsystem.Whilewritingthisnovel,hehadtheEnglishbourgeoisgovernmentinview.Inaneweditionofthenovel,hesubjectedittoathoroughrevision.,Question,JonathanWildisanovel.Fieldingexposesandmocksatits.Newgateprisonrepresents;Thedebtorsare;Thethievesare.JonathanWildisoneofthemostdevastatingexposuresofthenatureof.,bourgeoissociety,thegreedypoliticians,thetax-payers,England,politicalsystem,theEnglishbourgeoissociety,politicalsatire,TomJones,characterTomJones汤姆琼斯（主人公）Mr.Allworthy奥尔渥西（养父）Blifil布利菲尔(奥尔渥西的外甥)Sophia索菲（庄园地主的女儿）SquireWestern（庄园地主）,story乡绅奥尔渥西捡到一个婴儿，收养了他，取名汤姆，让他同自己妹妹的儿子布利菲尔一起接受教育。汤姆从小诚实，富有正义感和同情心，而布利菲尔却是个阴险的伪君子，经常背地里向老师和奥尔渥西告发汤姆。当临近庄园地主的女儿索菲爱上汤姆之后，向他求婚的布利菲尔就变本加厉地诬陷汤姆，利用汤姆因同情和帮助穷困的守林人一家而卖马和偷猎的不当行为进行挑拨离间，以致奥尔渥西最后将汤姆逐出家门。汤姆先去参军，没有成功，在寄宿酒店时发现拒绝嫁给布利菲尔而出逃的索菲往伦敦去了，便掉头追赶她也到达伦敦。在伦敦发生了很多事情，为了见到索菲，无生计的汤姆沦为荡浪贵夫人的情人，而且在争斗中伤人入狱。最后，真相大白，汤姆原是布利菲尔母亲未婚生子，布利菲尔早就知道真情却一直隐瞒并加害汤姆。奥尔渥西舅舅与汤姆相认，有了身份的汤姆终于娶了索菲。他们在乡间过着幸福的日子，汤姆也改掉了以往不检点的毛病，成为乡里众口皆碑的好乡绅。,TomJones:Open-heartedhandsomefrankandopendisinterested（无偏见的）quick-tempered(急性子)devoidofmalice（无恶意的）imprudence（冲动）waywaidness(倔强),characterization,Sophia:idealgoodqualitiesgaiety(快乐的)braveamiablecandour(坦率),SquireWesternbarbarian(残暴的人)autocrat(专横的人)boorish(粗俗的),Blifilvillain(反面角色)selfish,malicious,（恶意的）hypocritical（伪善的）sober（谨慎的）discreet（有智谋的）piousbeyondhisage(虔诚的),PartridgeJack-of-all-tradessimple,faithfulgood-natured,alittlewhimsical(想入非非的),summary,FieldingtheManfullofvigour;neverdespondent(沮丧的)；Neitherpoverty,northeattackofhisenemies,northeonslaughtofdiseasecouldcrushhismanlyrelishoflife.capacityforworkwasoutstanding(novelist,dramatist,essayist,politicalpamphleteer,managedatheatre,editedfournewspapers)hismindwasactive-learning,meditating,creating.,FieldingastheFounderoftheEnglishRealisticNovelthefounderoftheEnglishrealisticnovelandsetsupthetheoryofrealisminliterarycreation.theexactobservationandstudyofreallifewasthebasisofhiswork.thecentreofhisworkingphilosophywasMan.SoByron（拜伦）calledFieldingtheproseHomerofHumanNature.theprofoundknowledgeofhumannaturewasmainlyacquiredbyconversation.notacopyist,butagreatoriginalartist.hisrealisticaestheticswasinconformitywiththethenprogressive,Encyclopaedistthoug